kaitse - Defence kaitsja - Councel for the defence kannatav pool - Injured party karistama - Punish karistust andma/täide viima - Meting out punishment karm karistus a harsh sentence kautsjon - Bail kirjalik laim - Libel kirjutatud seadus/parlamendi aktidel põhinev seadus - Statute law/statutory law kohtu asja võitma win a case kohtuametnik - Court officer kohtuistung - Trila kohtulikule arutamisele minema go on treial kohtunik - Judge kohtuotsus - Verdict kohtuotsust määrama - Passes sentences kohtus tunnistust andma appear in court as a witness kohtusse ilmuma appear in court kooskõlas - In conformity with kriminaal - Criminal kriminaalhooldusametnik - probation Office kriminaaljuurdlus a criminal investigation kriminaalne käitumine criminal behaviour kriminaalne taust a criminal record kriminaalõigus - Criminal law kriminaalõigussüsteem- Criminal justice kuritegevus/ kuritegu- criminal activity/act/offence
church, with the warm community. At the trial Atticus points out clear evidence that the accusers, Mayella Ewell and her father, Bob are lying. Proof marterial are the marks on Mayella's face from her fathers beating. Mayella also claimed in court that Tom was only needed to save his father from dishonour. Despite the remarkable evidence showing Tom's innocence, the all- white jury convicts him. Tom later tries to escape from prison and is shot to death. Despite the verdict, Bob Ewell feels that Atticus and the judge have made a fool out of him, and he swears revenge. He troubles Tom Robinson's widow, tries to break into the judge's house, and finally attacks Jem and Scout as they walk home from a Halloween party. Boo Radley saves the children and stabbs Ewell during the struggle. Boo carries the wounded Jem back to Atticus's house, where the sheriff, in order to protect Boo, insists that Ewell tripped over a tree root and fell on his own knife. After
- only admissible evidence - State vs defendant - Sabina – need of giving information - three types of criminal offences: o summary less serious offences e.g. minor motoring offences in the magistrate courts without a jury three lay magistrate or a stipendiary magistrate the magistrate reaches a verdict can be appealed defendant is sent a summon (kohtukutse) o indictable most serious offences e.g. murder, manslaughter, rape, arson (süütamine) begins in the magistrate court prima facie - based on the first impression; accepted as correct until proved otherwise.
Kultuuri määrab suuresti see, mis temas on või ei ole problemaatiline. Näide: USA lapsed peavad varakult iseseisvuma (eraldi toad jne). 7. Mis on kultuur antropoloogide arvates (esitage kolm määratlust)? Kultuur on mõistuse kollektiivne programmeerimine. Kultuur on see, kuidas siin toimitakse. Kultuur on vaimne fenomen mis väljendub sümbolites. 8. Nimetage kultuurivormide liike (5 kuni 6). Sõnade tähendused (vrd ,,laud" ja ,,desk/"table", ,,kohtuotsus" ja ,,verdict/sentence", ,,fantastiline" ja ,,fantastic" jne jne reaalsus pole liigendatud iseenesest, vaid tähenduse kaudu). Üldisemalt keelt ja keelelist käitumist suunavad normid/väärtused Üldised käitumisnormid Ihaldustäratavate ja tülgastusttekitavate objektide prototüübid 9. Mis on interkulturaalne pädevus? Vahend, mille abil me suudame ületada kultuurilised erinevused ja saavutada edu suhtluses teiste kultuuride esindajatega (Chen ja Starosta)
accused; evidence; guilty; lawyer; statement; charged; fine; jury; sentence; suspect a) The customs officers arrested Bob and charged him with smuggling. b) The police spent all morning searching the house for .............. c) Jean left her car in a no-parking area and had to pay a/an .............. d) Unfortunately at the end of the trial my brother was found .............. e) The trial took a long time as the ..............couldn't reach a verdict. f) George won his case because he had a very good defence .............. g) The police visited Dawn and asked her to make a/an .............. h) Because of his past criminal record, Brian was the main .............. i) Pauline decided to sue the police because she had been wrongly .............. j) The murderer of the children received a life .............. Task 5. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
PRESENT PERFECT tense. Perfect tenses (pg 216) Have or Has + the present participle of the word Simple Past or Present Perfect? actice, pg 217 1. I __________ to Mexico in 2002. (go) went 2. I __________ deep sea diving a few times (go). have gone 3. The drummer in the band __________ has studied percussions since he was five. (study) 4. It __________ the jury two hours to reach their verdict yesterday. took 5. Washington, D.C., _____________ the capital of our country for many years. (be) has been Present Perfect Continuous This tense is used to describe the duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present. He has been studying grammar for an hour. She has been cooking all day. (He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
for example burglary and theft. In this case the magistrates determine the mode of trial according to the seriousness of the offence. Fatal offences, non-fatal offences, property offences There are three types of criminal offence: summary, indictable and offences triable either way. Summary offences are the less serious like motoring offences. They are tried in the Magistrates’ court without a jury. The magistrates will hear the evidence and reach a verdict. They can impose a fine of up to 1000 pounds or maximum prison sentence of 6 months. The defendant can appeal to the Crown Court. Indictable offences are the most serious ones like murders. After preliminary hearing it is decided if it forms a prima facie case. If so then the case is established in a Crown Court where the judge passes a sentence. Offences triable either way can be committed in a serious or minor way. And according to
very little chance of being found not guilty. On 29 June Sarah Good, Elizabeth Howe, Susannah Martin, Sarah Wilds and Rebecca Nurse, were tried. They were hanged on 19 July. The trial of Rebecca Nurse was a travesty. She was an old lady of good character and the jury acquitted her. However the girls who accused her of being a witch had fits or fainted. Incredibly the judge, William Stoughton, 'invited' the jury to `reconsider' their verdict. This time they found her guilty. (Perhaps the jurors were afraid they would be accused of being witches unless they brought the 'right' verdict). 6 However many people were having increasing doubts about the guilt of the accused. On 5 August, George Burroughs, Martha Carrier, George Jacobs, John and Elizabeth Proctor, and John Willard were tired and found guilty. John Proctor was a farmer aged about 60
3. Common law Common law has developed through the history and originates back to the 11th century's England. Travelling judges moved around the country solving different criminal cases and civil disputes. The most important part of common law is precedent. It means that in case essential elements of the case are the same as in previous recorded cases, judges are bound to reach same verdict. Government passing new legislations if they feel existing common law, statues or equitable, help courts to avoid the obligation to use precedent. Common law used to be divided into two: common law, equity. Equity cases were not enforced as common law and was mostly used to make someone do something, such as force someone to follow obligations of the contract. Common law has spread all over the world because of the once owned colonies of Britain, especially Unites States
Dismiss; fire vallandama Prosecution kohtulikule vastutusele võtmine Prosecutor's office prokuratuur Under this or that law selle või teise seaduse järgi (nt süüdi mõistetud) According to; pursuant to this law vastavalt sellele seadusele 2 Injury; bodily harm (BH)- vigastus Claim nõue To file a claim with sb (kellegagi hagi esitama); nõuet esitama To bring an action hagi alustama To find sb guilty süüdi mõistma Not guilty (innocent) - süütu Verdict otsus, mille teeb vandekohus Judgment kohtuniku otsus Prison vangla (taval kauem) Jail vangla (taval pool-aasta aega) Serve a sentence karistust kandma Offence (crime); felony; süütegu, kuritegu 3 Misdemenour väärtegu, tavaliselt väike (nt trahviga karistatav) Public law avalik õigus Private law eraõigus Civil law eraõigus Implementation kohaldamine, rakendamine To administer justice õigust mõistma Public opinion avalik arvamus
uri=CELEX%3A61968CJ0024 The Court of Justice found that under the principle of mutual recognition, a product lawfully marketable in one Member State (France) should be freely marketable in another Member State (Germany). Having enacted a measure within the scope of Article 34 TFEU, the Court of Justice found that such a measure could no longer be justified only under Article 36 TFEU (an exhaustive list of grounds). EC Court verdict from 1979 stating that, as a rule, products in one EU country are also legal in other EU countries (case 120/78). The verdict forced the member states to agree on common standards which they would otherwise not have agreed. The verdict paved the way for decisions by qualified majority under the so-called Internal Market, introduced by the Single European Act in 1987. 15. What are the two groups of justifications for restrictive measures?
404. cross examination ristküsitlus/ülekuulamine 405. false testimony valetunnistus 406. psychiatric correction facility psüh. Raviasutus 407. malpractice väärkohtlemine 408. court of appeals apellatsioonikohus 409. juridical circuit ringkonnakohtu ala 410. chief justice ülemkohtunik 411. bailiff kohtutäitur 412. witness tunnistaja 413. counsel nõunik 414. perjury valevanne 415. affidavit kirjalik vandetunnistus 416. verdict kohtuotsus 417. assassination atentaat 418. felony roim/mõrv 419. ranger korravalvur 420. impeachment presidendi tagandamine 421. associate justice abikohtunik 422. bench trial mitme kohtunikuga istung 423. misdemeanour väärtegu 424. statutory interpretation seadusega määratud tõlgendamine 425. district attorney ringkonnaprokurör 426. defendant süüdistatav 427. defence attorney kaitseadvokaat 428. persecution tagakiusamine
millel on seos mehega – mehed naivad naisi. Inglise k on man 2-tähenduslik. Inimesed ähmastavad sõna man kasutust, tähistades sellega kas nii naisi, mehi, poisse kui tüdrukuid või ainult mehi, aga mitte naisi või lapsi = ASÜMMEETRIA. Asümmeetria on ka see, kui girl on täiskasvanud naise tähenduses. Kui tegemist oleks meessoost isikuga, siis kasutataks seal man’i. Nt Daily Maili artikkel pealkirjaga Police girl wins sex bias case by a split verdict. Siin kasutatakse sõna tüdruk sõna naine asemel, et rõhutada noorust, mis muudab naise atraktiivseks. Kuna naiste staatus näib rohkem sõltuvat nende atraktiivsusest kui meeste oma, siis sõna tüdruk kasutades näidatakse, et pole veel vana = kompliment. Kas meespolitseinikku nimetataks pealkirjas politseipoisiks, eriti kui ta on 34aastane? Viisakusvormelite kasutus on samuti asümmeetriline: miss/mrs/ms (proua/preili/-) ja mr (härra).
(1661), ad-aptedness (1698), ad- IV laenukiht romaniseerimine aptable normannide (1800), ad-apter (1801) jne vallutuste ajal 1066-1200. * 70% ladina verbidest Riigivalitsemisleksika * Tähendusnüansi varieerimine (state, office, crown, nobility), verbituletuses: õigusleksika Abducere, abductum> abduce ja (justice, crime, verdict, advocate), abduct; confero, religioonisõnavara (theology, religion, conlatum> confer ja collate; faith, mercy, pity), sõjandusleksika convincere, (army, navy, castle), teadusja convictum> convince, convict. haridusleksika (university, college, 16 Laenamispõhimõtted inglise bronchitic keelde: -atus>-ate: nitrate
Down 8 awards 9 guilty 5 lurking 1 blooded 6 action 2 hearted 10 undermining Challenge! Students' own answers 11 sympathies 2 1 time-consuming 12 verdict 2E Narrative tenses page 16 2 long-lasting 3 light-hearted 2 That he was responsible not only for 1 1 past perfect continuous 4 absent-minded his family but also to wider society. 2 past simple 5 wide-eyed 3 1 set 7 on 3 past continuous
a) Completion of the work foreseen in labor contract 119 CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK 119 b) Expiration of labor contract; c) Breach of labor contract terms by either party; d) Repudiation of labor contract; e) Agreement of the parties; f) Enactment of court verdict or decision which excludes the contingency to perform a work; g) Unless otherwise envisaged by a labor contract, lasting disability, if disability period exceeds 30 consecutive calendar days or total length of disability exceeds 50 calendar days during 6 months, at the same time, an employee has used his leave, foreseen under the Labor Code; h) Death of an employer or an employee; i) Initiation of liquidation process of employer legal person.
Finally, I closed my eyes and ignored him. He kept up a remorseful mumbling. "Is she sleeping?" a musical voice asked. My eyes flew open. Edward was standing at the foot of my bed, smirking. I glared at him. It wasn't easy -- it would have been more natural to ogle. "Hey, Edward, I'm really sorry --" Tyler began. Edward lifted a hand to stop him. "No blood, no foul," he said, flashing his brilliant teeth. He moved to sit on the edge of Tyler's bed, facing me. He smirked again. "So, what's the verdict?" he asked me. "There's nothing wrong with me at all, but they won't let me go," I complained. "How come you aren't strapped to a gurney like the rest of us?" "It's all about who you know," he answered. "But don't worry, I came to spring you." Then a doctor walked around the corner, and my mouth fell open. He was young, he was blond... and he was handsomer than any movie star I'd ever seen. He was pale, though, and tired-looking, with circles under his eyes
Daylight, Courage Under Fire, Out to Sea, My Girl "A classic of its k i n d full of insight and inspiration that every writer, both amateur and professional, must read." — R i c h a r d D. Zanuck, T h e Zanuck C o m p a n y Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Big Fish, Reign of Fire, Driving Miss Daisy, Cocoon, The Verdict, Sting " T h e basis for a great movie is a great screenplay, and the basis for a great screenplay should be The Writer's Journey." — A d a m Fields, Donnie Darko, Money Train, Great Balls of Fire "One of the most valuable tools in understanding and appreciating the structure of a plot that's available today. The Writer's Journey is an essential tool to any writer at any stage o f their career."
know how beautiful and exciting she is in that state." Truer words never spoken. To those women who don't masturbate, Nina recommends starting in small increments, ve minutes a night before bed or immediately after waking up, and listening to self-talk. What is your head telling you? Unwarranted guilt and shame? Both will pass with practice, and you must be comfortable solo before it's possible with someone else. Thirty minutes after the interview with Nina, I called Giselle.6 The verdict: she never masturbated. She was the eldest daughter in her family, an unexpected recurring theme I found among inorgasmic women, and had been raised Catholic. Her mother used scare tactics with religious overtones, repeating phrases like "I hope your decision to abstain includes remembering your faith." This fueled a feeling of obligation to be a role model for her younger sisters, and the end product was predictable: she disallowed herself pleasure, viewing it as a hazard, and was now
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