Autonomy Corporation Autonomy Corporation • 1996. a, Cambridge, UK • Mike Lynch • David Tabizel • Richard Gaunt • Arvuti tarkvara arendus • Konsentreeritud ettevõtetele • 2010. a UK turuliider • Üle 10 000 töötaja • Cambridge ja Sunnyvale, California HP Autonomy • 2011. okt ostis HP 87,3% aktsiatest • HP Autonomy • Varasem huvi (Mike Hurd) • 2012. a maiks oli lahkunud kogu Autonomy juhtkond ning 20% töötajatest • Erinevused tarkvara ja riistvara tööstuse vahel • 20. nov 2012 kanti maha 8,8 miljardi dollari väärtuses varasid Mis juhtus? • HP väidab, et Autonomy moonutas 2 aasta jooksul oma kasumeid • Tehingud oleksid justkui toimunud, kuid reaalne ostja puudus • Riistvara ei installeeritud arvutitesse • Jagati tasuta riistvara • Autonomy juhtkond eitab HP süüdistusi Võtmeisikud • Mike Lynch • Tegevdirektor Autonomys
Application – Appeal to students’ enthusiasm, and remind students of language needs and goals, link new long-term rewards. knowledge to previous knowledge, avoid pitfalls (TBP pg. 66) 1 Cognitive Principles Cognitive Principles 4. Intrinsic Motivation 6. Autonomy 5. Strategic Investment Successful learners take control of “The methods that the learner their own language learning with the employs to internalize and to perform teacher as a facilitator or guide. in the language are as important as the teacher’s methods – or more so.” (TBP pg. 68) Application – Help students become teacher-dependent self-dependent
Aboriginal peoples beginning in the late 15th century, British and French France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War Historical Background in 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces this began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster 1931 culminated in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Ottawa Capital 45°24N 75°40W / 45.4°N 75.667°W / 45 Largest city Toronto
preference · Centralisation in the · Mainly federal laws Primacy of national `institutionalised revolution' · Mainly Laender legislation, limited provincial autonomy · Though more recent decentralisation implementation Provincial second chamber in certain policy areas, including spending. · Veto powers/gridlock (National Council of Provinces) · Second Chamber (Senate) mainly state representatives · East-west economic
will definitely affect you in the financial aspect. Finally, another aspect is convenience. You will not have many things that you used to have at home. You will have less free time for other activities because you will spend more time doing housework, balancing the budget and organizing things by yourself. In conclusion, even though living away from home can be good since it gives you a feeling of freedom and autonomy, living at home has more advantages contrasted with it.
1920 Member of the League of Nations in 1921 Parlament was established in 1934 First preseident Konstantin Päts Soviet Union Stalin Era Khrushchev era Brezhnev era Gorbachev era Living conditions Laws were rough Economy Deportation to Siberia Consequences Effect to economy Estonian and russian people in Estonia were mixed up Bad memories Restoration of independence Western democracies considered illegal the annexation of Estonia Movement for Estonian autonomy started in 1980's In 1989, the "Singing Revolution" Independence was declared on 20 August 1991 First recognized by Iceland Thank you for your attention!
composed of ten provinces and Click to edit Master text styles three territories. Second level Pro These may be grouped into Third level Fourth level vin regions: Western Canada, Central Fifth level ces Canada, Atlantic Canada, and an Northern Canada. Provinces have d more autonomy terr than territories. itor ies Geography Canada occupies a major northern portion of North America. Canada is the secondlargest country in the world, after Russia. Canada has the longest coastline in the world, with a total length of 202,080 kilometres. Border with the United States is the world's longest land border, stretching over 8,890 kilometres. Canada has a strong democratic tradition, upheld through a parliamentary system.
committee, and features the scarlet ibis (native to Trinidad), the cocrico (native to Tobago) and hummingbird. The shield bears three ships, representing both the Trinity, and the three ships that Columbus sailed. Population • 2015 estimate 1,349,667 Total area • 5,131 km2 Administrative divisions • Trinidad is split into 14 regional corporations and municipalities, consisting of 9 regions and 5 municipalities, which have a limited level of autonomy. Largest island • Trindidad Higest Point • El Cerro del Aripo, at 940 metres (3,084 ft) Lowest point • Lowest point is the Carribean sea 0m Cultural life • The culture of Trinidad and Tobago reflects the influence of Indian, Amerindian, European, Portuguese, Spanish (Hispanic and Latino), Je wish, and Arab cultures. The histories of Trinidad and Tobago are different, and there are contrasts in the cultural influences which have shaped each island.
üleminek sõltuvusest sõltumatu inimese seisundisse, neurootiline inimene jääb sõltuvaks (lapseks) · integratsioon (self as knower) - täiskasvanu (integreerib kõik eelnevad tasemed) VI. Kohusetunne (conscience) Sisaldab enesehinnangut, mina-pilti ja püüdlusi Kaks liiki: a) pean-kohusetunne (must conscience) - hirm karistuse ees b) võin-kohusetunne (ought conscience) - vaba otsustus VII. Funtsionaalne autonoomia (functional autonomy) motiivide transformatsioon Kriteeriumid motivatsiooniteooriale: · käitumise motiiv on olevikus · motiivide paljusus, pole taandatav ühele motiivile · kognitiivsed protsessid (plaanid, eesmärgid, hinnangud) · indiviidi motivatsioonide muster on unikaalne funktsionaalne autonoomia - eelnevad motiivid kaotavad propriumis oma sisu ja tähenduse kaks liiki: a) püsiv funktsionaalne autonoomia - eesmärgitu tegevuse jätkamine b) propriotaarne funktsionaalne autonoomia -
üleminek sõltuvusest sõltumatu inimese seisundisse, neurootiline inimene jääb sõltuvaks (lapseks) · integratsioon (self as knower) - täiskasvanu (integreerib kõik eelnevad tasemed) VI. Kohusetunne (conscience) Sisaldab enesehinnangut, mina-pilti ja püüdlusi Kaks liiki: a) pean-kohusetunne (must conscience) - hirm karistuse ees b) võin-kohusetunne (ought conscience) - vaba otsustus VII. Funtsionaalne autonoomia (functional autonomy) motiivide transformatsioon Kriteeriumid motivatsiooniteooriale: · käitumise motiiv on olevikus · motiivide paljusus, pole taandatav ühele motiivile · kognitiivsed protsessid (plaanid, eesmärgid, hinnangud) · indiviidi motivatsioonide muster on unikaalne funktsionaalne autonoomia - eelnevad motiivid kaotavad propriumis oma sisu ja tähenduse kaks liiki: a) püsiv funktsionaalne autonoomia - eesmärgitu tegevuse jätkamine b) propriotaarne funktsionaalne autonoomia -
European settlers Contact with British settlers began in 1788. The British, thinking that their culture was superior (parim), tried to impose (peale suruda) it on the native Aborigines. The settlers exploited (kurjalt kasutama) the traditional hunting lands of the Aborigines by intensive, large-scale agriculture, sheep herding and cutting down the forests. As a result of contact with European settlers many of the Aborigines died from diseases and illnesses. 7. Aborigines today In 1900 some autonomy was regained and aboriginal property rights were recognized. Improved living conditions in modern times have increased the average life expectancy of Aborigines but it is still quite low. Many aborigines live impoverished (vaesunud) lives in the northern parts of Australia or rural centres (maakeskused).
Order, an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and Baltic German ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1418–1562 the whole of Estonia was part of the Livonian Confederation. After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Sweden from the 16th century to 1710/1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language of administration and education was German. The Estophile Enlightenment Period 1750–1840 led to the Estonian national awakening in the middle of the 19th century. In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions, the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued in February 1918. In 1939-1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. During the war Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, then
Independence Day On 24 February, Independence Day is celebrated in the Rebublic of Estonia. This is the day that the Manifesto was declared in Tallinn 91 years ago. In responce to a period of Russification initiated by the Russian empire in the 1890's, Estonian nationalism took on more political tones, with intellectuals first calling for greater autonomy, and later, complete independence from the Russian empire. Following the Bolshevik takeover of power in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 and German victories against the Russian army, between the Russian Red Army's retreat and the arrival of advancing German troops, the Committee of Elders of the Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on February 24, 1918. after winning the Estonian
lived on the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea over 5,000 years ago. Like other early agricultural societies, Estonians were organized into economically self-sufficient, male-dominated clans with few differences in wealth or social power. By the early Middle Ages most Estonians were small landholders, with farmsteads primarily organized by village. With the collapse of the Russian empire in World War I, Russia's provisional government granted national autonomy to Estonia. A popularly elected assembly (Maapaev) was formed but was quickly forced underground by opposing extremist political forces. The Committee of Elders of the underground Maapaev announced the Republic of Estonia on February 24, 1918, 1 day before German troops invaded. After the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, fighting broke out between Bolshevik and Estonian troops. On February 2, 1920, the Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and Soviet Russia
main ideological movement, which based its ideas on US President Woodrow Wilson's principle of self-determination. On April 8, 1917, Estonian organisations and military personnel totalling 40 000 held a demonstration in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in support of self-government of Estonia. The organised, peaceful demonstration achieved its goal when, on April 12, the Russian Provisional Government signed the Law on Estonian Autonomy, which united the Livonian counties of Tartu, Võru, Viljandi, Pärnu and Saaremaa with Estonia. For the first time an Estonian, Jaan Poska was appointed as a Provincial Commissioner of Estonia. A six-member Provisional National Council, the Maapäev, was formed. The Maapäev appointed a national executive that began to organise and modernise local government and educational institutions. Prior to its forceful dissolution by Bolshevik authorities, and the foreseeable invasion
Ibiza began establishing its own trading stations along the nearby Balearic island of Majorca such as Na Guardis, from which large quantities of renowned Balearic slingers were hired as mercenaries who fought for Carthage. The island was reclaimed for Christendom by Aragonese King James I of Aragon in 1235. Since then, the island has had its own self- government in several forms but in 1715 King Philip V of Spain abolished the local government's autonomy. The arrival of democracy in the late 1970s led to the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands. Today the island is part of the Balearic Autonomous Community, along with Majorca, Minorca and Forment History During the Second Punic War, the island was assaulted by the two Scipio brothers in 209 BC but remained loyal to Carthage. With Carthaginian military luck running out on
the same taifa. Moreover, the tribes who lived in Ibiza and Denia during the period 10601085 were Moorish tribes named Bno Alaglab & BanoMujahed. The island was reclaimed for Christendom by Aragonese King James I of Aragon in 1235. Since then, the island has had its own selfgovernment in several forms but in 1715 King Philip V of Spain abolished the local government's autonomy. The arrival of democracy in the late 1970s led to the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands. Today the island is part of the Balearic Autonomous Community, along with Majorca, Minorca and Formentera. Geography Ibiza is a part of a group of the western Balearic archip ela g o called the Pitiusa s or "Pine Islands " co m p o s e d of itself and Form e nt era. The Balearic island chain includ e s over fifty island s, many of them uninhabited. Climate
British Columbia and the three Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). Central Canada consists of Quebec and Ontario. Atlantic Canada consists of the three Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia), along with Newfoundland and Labrador. Eastern Canada refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together. Three territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut) make up Northern Canada. Provinces have a large degree of autonomy from the federal government, territories somewhat less. Each has its own provincial or territorial symbols. Canada's two official languages are English and French. Official Bilingualism in Canada is law, defined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Official Languages Act, and Official Language Regulations; it is applied by the Commissioner of Official Languages. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions
land possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Knights in 1346. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. The city, with a population of 8,000, was very well fortified with city walls and 66 defence towers. During the Great Northern War the Swedish troops based in Tallinn capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia. The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889. The 19th century brought industrialization of the city and the port kept its importance. During the last decades of the century Russification measures became stronger. February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German
files.wordpress.com/ 2009/04/ssa.jpg Estonia in the Swedish empire Click to edit Master text styles Second level · Placed itself under Third level Fourth level Swedish rule in 1561. Fifth level · Received protection against Russia and Poland. · Granted the peasantry greater autonomy. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_S3c33lw2IKU/TUJ7BlJrteI/AAAAAAAA BsM/FK-2Ftvmzbg/s1600/sweden-flag1.jpg Estonia in the Russian empire Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level · Norther war 1700- Fourth level 1721 Fifth level · Everything remained
History In 1211 the hill-fort of the estonians in viljandi was besieged by a joint army of germans, latvians, and livs. In 1283 the town received a charter from villekinus de endorpe, the master of the order. In 1470, johann woltus von herse, then master of the order, took up residence in the castle. In 1481, ivan iia of runnian laid siege to the castle but could not take it. After the great northern war the russians revoked local autonomy until 1783, when in the course of the regency reforms of the empress catherine the great viljandi became a district town. This involved the re-establishment of town bylaws. The economic and political importance of viljandi started to increase. the population, after decreasing in population and wealth, started to rise again, as handicraft, trading, and cultural life were revived. The popular Estonian newspaper was founded in Viljandi in 1878. I like Viljandi.
representing particularly important industries. Besides natural resources, fishing and hunting are very popular hobbies there, as many people earn their living by doing these things. System of government and politics Queen Elizabeth II is still the head of state in Canada. She is represented by a Governor General. There is a two-chamber parliament, and a system of provincial government with substantial autonomy. Parliament is made up of the Crown, an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate. Each Member of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. Members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, are chosen by the Prime Minister and formally appointed by the Governor General, and serve until age 75. In conclusion Canada has a parliamentary
Order, an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and Baltic German ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1418–1562 the whole of Estonia was part of the Livonian Confederation. After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Swedish Empire from the 16th century to 1710/1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language of administration and education was German. • The Estophile Enlightenment Period 1750–1840 led to the Estonian national awakening in the middle of the 19th century. In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions, the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued in February 1918. The Estonian War of Independence ensued on two fronts between the newly proclaimed state and Bolshevist Russia to
Antonio, and the city of Montego Bay. History Sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1494, Jamaica was conquered and settled in 1509 by Spaniards under a license from Columbus's son. Spanish exploitation decimated the native Arawaks. The island remained Spanish until 1655, when Admiral William Penn and Robert Venables captured it; it was formally ceded to England in 1670, but the local European population obtained a degree of autonomy. Jamaica prospered from the wealth brought by buccaneers, notably Sir Henry Morgan, to Port Royal, the capital; in 1692, however, much of the city sank into the sea during an earthquake, and Spanish Town became the new capital. A huge, mostly African, slave population grew up around the sugarcane plantations in the 18th cent., when Jamaica was a leading world sugar producer. Freed and escaped slaves, sometimes aided by the maroons (slaves who had escaped to remote areas after Spain lost
terviktaevavõlvi all oleva rõhttasandi valgustiheduse suhe • Päevavalgusteguri arvutus Vastavalt EVS 894 Loomulik valgustus siseruumides esitatud soovitustele loetakse heaks tavaks olukorda, mil keskmine päevavalgustegur on vähemalt 2%. Keskmise päevavalgusteguri arvutamiseks kasutaktakse vastavalt EVS 894 Loomulik valgustus siseruumides esitatud valemit Päevavalgus kestvus (daylight autonomy) Aeg, mil väline takistamata horisontaalne valgustustihedus tööpäeva vältel antud valgustustihedust ületab Rusikareegel: Kontorites blokeeri otsene päikesekiirgus aga kavanda majad nii et neis oleks piisavalt hajuvalgust Rusikareegel: Eramu kavandamisel. Päikesekiirgus ja hajuskiirgus mõlemad võivad olla. Igale projektile ainuõige kuldne kesktee puudub on erinevad võimalused/lahendused millel kõigil on omad head ja vead. Lahendus probleemile leidub alati
Bora Bora Today the island is almost entirely dependent on tourism. Bora Bora, as you know is a paradise for honeymooners. This island offers blue skies, blue sea, golden sands and green flora. Vaitape is the largest city of island Bora Bora Some of the bigger industries on the island include deep-sea fishing, with exports going mainly to Japan, as well as mother-of-pearl and pearl production. Agricultural practices produce sugar, vanilla, rum, and copra (used to extract coconut oil). Despite all of these activities, tourism is by far the leading economic contributor. The island has several hotels to cater to tourists, including twelve 4 and 5-store places like Club Med, for example. 3 Bora Bora experiences a tropical, humid climate with relatively stable temperatures year- round. The island is characterized by its vol...
national consciousness. The russification period The systematic Russification of the empire's western border territories started in Poland and Lithuania during the first half of the 19th century and intensified in the 1860s after another Polish uprising. The worst Russification period in Estonia and Latvia occurred between 1880 and 1890. The Russian press took up the topic of German influence in the Baltic provinces. As early as the 1860s, the Slavophiles demanded the end of the autonomy in the Baltic provinces and a standardised administration. The unification of Germany (1871) and its subsequent development into a Great Power during the reign of Wilhelm II considerably increased the military-strategic importance of the Estonian and Latvian territories which bordered the Baltic Sea, between the extensively autonomous Finland and the rebellious Poland-Lithuania. The security of the capital St Petersburg became a serious issue for Russian. Tsarist Russia's
Military figures in New Spain had important ties to political figures in Madrid and their relationship to the viceroy flucuated. The Catholic Church hierarchy was largely independent of the viceroy as well. Friction and intrigue was constant between these various organizations both in Mexico City and in the outlying areas. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this political/military/judicial/religious system continued virtually unchanged. The degree of local autonomy exercised by different bodies and officials varied greatly but the distances involved between Madrid and Mexico City and within New Spain itself ensured a considerable degree of freedom of action for individuals should they chose to exercise it. Socially, the population of New Spain was stratified into four main groupings. At the top of the social pyramid were the peninsulares: European born Spaniards. Next were the criollos: Spaniards who had been born in New Spain
Zealand, first contacts with the Maori people were full of misunderstanding and conflicts. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the Maori and the British, with what the Maori accepted the British colonization in exchange for the protection of their lands. But still, 20 years later a war between the Maori and white people or pekaha broke out and finally the native people of New Zealand were defeated. New Zealand was given dominion status in the British Empire in 1907 and granted autonomy by Britain in 1931, independence was formally proclaimed 1947. Today the Maori population is increasing faster than the pekaha, and Maori culture has had a major impact on New Zealand's society. The word "aboriginal" means "the first" or "the earliest known". The Aborigines reached Australia more than 40 000 years ago. They are dark-skinned people who probably came from Asia. They were hunter-gatherers, using spears and boomerangs for hunting. Before
ego areng ego tugevus ( virtue) isiksuse terviklikkus kriis (crisis) konflikt füsioloogilise küpsemise ja ühiskonna vahel positiivne ja negatiivne lahendus rituaalid + rituaal (ritualization) - riitus (ritualism) I. 0 - 1.5 basic trust vs basic mistrust eesmärk: baasturvalisus positiivne lahendus: lootus (hope), seotus (attachment) negatiivne lahendus: pessimism rituaal: vastastikune aksepteerimine riitus: heerosed, autoriteet II. 1.5-3.0 autonomy vs shame and doubt eesmärk: autonoomia positiivne lahendus: tahe (will) baaskontroll negatiivne lahendus: häbi rituaal: normide internaliseerumine (häbi) riitus: formaalne teiste karistamine seadusi kasutades III. 3.0 - 6.0 initiative vs guilt eesmärk: aktiivsus positiivne lahendus: eesmärk (purpose) eesmärgipärasus negatiivne lahendus: süü rituaal: imiteerimine riitus: mask (rollimängud) IV. 6.0 - 12
Literacy spread. The Bible was translated into Estonian in 1739(pole vaja teada). A period of wars began in the 16th century, bringing parts of Estonia under the control of Russia, Denmark, Poland and Sweden. For most of the 17th century, Sweden ruled Estonia. In the 18th century Russian Tsar Peter the Great joined Estonia to his empire. The first true political parties emerged(Where established) at the turn of the century, demanding autonomy for Estonia. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Estonia declared independence from Russia on Feb. 24, 1918. Independent Estonia made large strides between wars. World War II ended Estonia's independence. The country was occupied by the Soviet Army in June 1940.Thousands of Estonians were killed or deported to Siberia. In 1944, Estonia became part of the Soviet Union. Proindependence guerrilla forces continued to fight against the Soviets into the 1950s.
decisis. In stark contrast to the concept of stare decisis and precedent found in a common law system, decisions in a civil law system are to be made based on a corresponding statute, in theory. In a civil law system, the legislative or executive branch makes the laws and courts are simply required to follow the laws as they have been written. A judge, therefore, in a civil law system, has considerably less authority or autonomy than a judge in a system based on common law. 2.What is Comparative Family Law? At the most basic level, comparative family law is the comparison of legal systems for the regulation of intimate and family lives. Comparison can be functional, serving to inform the discussion about similar or different institutional arrangements to address analogous legal problems arising all over the world. Comparisons can also reveal the structural nature of law, leading to
ego areng ego tugevus ( virtue) isiksuse terviklikkus kriis (crisis) konflikt füsioloogilise küpsemise ja ühiskonna vahel positiivne ja negatiivne lahendus rituaalid + rituaal (ritualization) - riitus (ritualism) I. 0 - 1.5 basic trust vs basic mistrust eesmärk: baasturvalisus positiivne lahendus: lootus (hope), seotus (attachment) negatiivne lahendus: pessimism rituaal: vastastikune aksepteerimine riitus: heerosed, autoriteet II. 1.5-3.0 autonomy vs shame and doubt eesmärk: autonoomia positiivne lahendus: tahe (will) baaskontroll negatiivne lahendus: häbi rituaal: normide internaliseerumine (häbi) riitus: formaalne teiste karistamine seadusi kasutades III. 3.0 - 6.0 initiative vs guilt eesmärk: aktiivsus positiivne lahendus: eesmärk (purpose) eesmärgipärasus negatiivne lahendus: süü rituaal: imiteerimine riitus: mask (rollimängud) IV. 6.0 - 12
the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community. Kant Idea for a universal History with a cosmopolitan purpose Kant was a Calvinist. Natural law preditermines every natural event. But history can not be predicted because men act chaotically. Kant seeks to prove his claim that rational and moral autonomy will inevitably defeat the compulsions of self-interested individualism. Kant seeks to achieve this by advancing a hierarchical account of development of world history.In writing from the perspective of a universal future history, Kant valorizes an unrealized future state (though he is aware, however, of the problem of theorizing without empirical basis, recognizing the appearance of irrationality
from the beginning concurrent engineering specialists work side by side and compare notes constantly to design cost-effective products with features customers want virtual teams groups of geographically or organizationally dispersed co- worker that are assembled using a combination of technologies to accomplish organizational strutures flatter organizational structures turbulent environments increased employee autonomy higher knowledge requirements increased globalization increased employee decision making Porter's competitive strategies: low cost strategy the ability of a comnpany or business unit to design, produce and market comparable product more efficiently that its compeditors o cost focus low-cost compeditive strategy that focuses on a particular buyer group, product line segment, or geographic market and
States. A key part of the perestroika (economic reform) program was the devolution of power to the republics. Estonia led the way among the Baltic States, assisted by the collaboration between nationalist groups and the Communist Party, who joined together in a People's Front (analogous bodies emerged in Latvia and Lithuania) to orchestrate change. Having asserted the right to make their own legislation, measures to establish an Estonian currency preparatory to full economic autonomy and to restore Estonian as the official language quickly followed. In March 1990, the Estonian Communist Party voted in favor of full independence from the Soviet Union but allowed for a six-month transitional period before making the final decision. President Gorbachev was powerless to prevent Estonia to become independent. Rapid international recognition of Estonia as a sovereign state, followed by admission to the United Nations. In June 1992, Estonia got its own currency, the
Näiteks, presidentaal- laadsetes riikides nagu Prantsusmaa või Suurbritannia, seal on sagedasti rõhk vastutuse ja õigusriigil mõistetel ja vähem on pluralistlikku konkurentsi ja konsensusliku otsustusprotsessi kui näiteks parlamentaalsete süsteemidega riikides nagu Itaalia või Rootsi. Vahel demokraatia mõisted erinevad ainult ilmumisel. Erinevad sõnad võivad väljendada sama fundamentaalset ideed. Näiteks ,,liberty", ,,freedom" ja ,,autonomy" on sagedasti kasutatud sünonüümidena. Aga sama sõna võib ka edastada erinevaid ideid näiteks demokraatiat kirjeldates on kasutatud mõisteid nagu legitiivne võim ja identiteet. Töö autorite eesmärk pole leida parimat definitsiooni demokraatia kohta (seoses EL-ga), vaid tuua välja kõige tuntumad konseptsioonid Euroopa Liidu demokraatia kohta. Populaarsed mõisted demokraatia kohta: Input (Sisend) Output (Väljund) Throughput Feedback
Five of Canada's rivers -- the St. Lawrence, Mackenzie, Yukon, Fraser, and Nelson -- rank among the world's 40 longest. 5. The territories and provinces Canada is composed of ten provinces and three territories. The provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. The provinces have a large degree of autonomy from the federal government, the territories somewhat less. Each has its own provincial or territorial symbols. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that a province receives relatively greater power and authority. The youngest of the territories and provinces is Nunavut, created from the east portion of The Northwest territories. 6. Towns, economy, agriculture The two largest cities in Canada are Montreal and Toronto, however, the capital is Ottawa.
4. Enesekäsitlused koosnevad erinevatest samastumistest (identsustest). Inimesed võib olla mitu identiteeti, mis on organiseeritud hierarhiliselt vastavalt nende olulisusele. 5. Enesekäsitlusel tuginev käitumine pole alati seotud selgete ootustega ega vahetute ja spetsiifiliste eesmärkidega. ENESEMÄÄRATLEMISE TEOORIA (E.L Deci & M.Ryan) Self-Determination theory Sisemised vs välimised käitumist mõjutavad põhjused Vajadused määravad käitumise Autonoomsus (autonomy) Kompetentsus (competence) Seotus (relatedness) Individuaalsed erinevused Põhjuslikkuse orientatsioon Eesmärgid elus Motivatsiooni liigid Sisemine motivatsioon Välimine motivatsioon Integreeritud regulatsioon (integrated regulation) Omaksvõetud regulatsioon (identified regulation) Pealesurutud regulatsioon (introjected regulation) Väline regulatsioon (external regulation) Amotivatsioon PROTSESSIL PÕHINEVAD LÄHENEMISED MOTIVATSIOONILE ÕIGLUSE TEOORIA (J. S
häbistavast sugulisest tegevusest eemal hoida. Indialastele kõige olulisem printsiip neljast. 4. „respect for hierarchy“ – murdeealised poisid omavad kõrgemat sotsiaalset staatust ja ei peaks jagama tuba vanemate ega noorte lastega. USA: 1. „incest avoidance“. Seda vaadeldakse ka kultuuriuniversaalina. 2. „sacred couple“ – abielupaaridel eraldi ruumid (intiimsus). 3. „autonomy ideal“ – väiksed lapsed peavad iseseisvuma, selleks vaja oma tuba. Erinevused sotsiaalses maailmas õpetavad juba väikestele lastele väga erinevaid ideid, kuidas tajuda iseennast ja suhteid teiste inimestega. Kasvatusstiilid Hiina – Tiger Mom’id. Baumrind’i (1971) trihhotoomia: 1. Authoritarian parenting (autoritaarne). 2. Authoritative parenting (autoriteetne). 3. Permissive parenting (minnalaskev). See tüpoloogia on klt spetsiifiline, sest 1
181. to conclude sõlmima (to arrange or settle sth after lõng talking or argument; to bring about) 182. term condition or duty which has to be carried out as part of a contract 183. reciprocal given and received in return; exchanged between two people or groups 184. binding which legally forces someone to do sth 185. bilateral involving two parties; binding on both parties 186. autonomy the right of self-government or management of one's own affairs 187. acceptance one party to a contract agrees to what is proposed by the other party 188. two-sided contracts kahepoolsed lepingud 189. multi-sided contracts mitmepoolsed lepingud 190. unilateral contract ühekülgne leping 191. bilateral contract kahekülgne leping 192. reciprocal contracts vastastikused lepingud 193. consideration vastutasu 194
the winters are long, bitterly cold, dark and unforgiving. The Arctic is no longer an inaccessible frontier. Inuvik, in the Mackenzie delta, can be reached by road, and every community is served by air. Most have electricity, stores and health services. North of the mainland is a maze of islands separated by convoluted straits and sounds, the most famous of which link together to form the fabled Northwest Passage, the route to the Orient sought by so many early explorers. Reflecting a growing autonomy, the Inuit (formerly known as Eskimos) are gradually changing place names into their language, Inuktitut. For example, the people of Frobisher Bay on Baffin Island, Nunavut, decided to rename their community Iqualuit, which means "place of fish." Used materials: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Canada.html http://www.google.ee/#hl=et&q=Canada+relief&lr=&aq=f&oq=Canada+relief&fp=9d88 a292ff611cf4 http://www.members.shaw.ca/kcic1/geographic.html
72. kohalikud ametivõimud - local authorities 73. eramaa omanik, üürileandja - private landlord 74. odavad majutused - low-cost housing 75. avaliku sektori tegelane - public sector tenant 76. hinnaalandusega - at a discount 77. ehitatud ja remonditud kodud - building and refurbishing homes 78. kesklinna elamurajoonid - inner-city areas 79. võõrandama linna- ja maa-alasid - deprive urban and rural areas 80. märkimisväärne kohalik autonoomia - considerable local autonomy 81. mahajäetud maa - derelict land 82. maa on liikumatu - land is immobile 83. maa on hävimatu - land is indestructible 84. koosolekut organiseerima - arrange a meeting 85. koosolekut edasi lükkama - postpone a meeting 86. koosolekut juhatama- run/chair a meeting 87. koosolekule minema- attend a meeting 88. ametkonna kohtumine - board meeting 89. päevakord, esindusprotokoll - agenda 90. ilma hilinejaid ootamata - without waiting for latecomers 91
Sociologist Robert Merton in The Normative Structure of Science (1942) identified 4 norms that rule scientific activity: 1. Communalism Scientific knowledge belongs to all. Scientists share knowledge. 2. Disinterestedness Scientists do not engage their personal interests in their judgements. 3. Universalism The truth of scientific claims does not depend on who is making it. 4. Organised scepticism Scientific ideas are subject to test by the community. The Autonomy of Science Merton norms assure the autonomy of science: No external influence. No internal abuse. Criticism: These rules are disproved or disputed by history and practice. Also, Merton excluded the cognitive-conceptual part of science from sociological investigation. Towards a sociology of scientific knowledge in the 1970s. The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge Science is part of society.
suudame, ei tohiks teha. Meditsiinieetika on praktiline eetika, uurib eetilisi küsimusi, mis igapäevaselt võivad päevakorda tõusta. Kaasaegne meditsiinieetika areneb kolmes peamises omavahel seotud valdkonnas: (arsti-patsiendi suhe), (iga ühiskonnaliikme tervise säilitamine, edendamine), editsiiniliste uuringute eetika (uurimistöödega kaasnevad eetilised pinged) Bioeetika põhiprintsiibid: 1. Isiku autonoomia respekteerimise printsiip (autonomy) 2. Mittekahjustamise printsiip (nonmaleficence) 3. Heategemise printsiip (beneficence) 4. Õigluse printsiip (justice) KESKKONNAEETIKA: Teadus ja tehnika on saavutanud taseme, mis võimaldab inimkonnal hävitada iseennast ja kogu biosfääri. Ökoloogilise kriisi peapõhjusteks on demograafiline plahvatus ning ülisuur ressursside hulk, mis on vajalik arenenud riikide elatustaseme säilitamiseks.
jääb sõltuvaks (lapseks). integratsioon (self as knower) - täiskasvanu (integreerib kõik eelnevad tasemed) KOHUSETUNNE: Sisaldab enesehinnangut, mina-pilti ja püüdlusi. Kaks liiki: pean kohusetunne ja võin kohusetunne. Pean-kohusetunne (must conscience) – hirm karistuse ees. Võin-kohusetunne (ought conscience) – vaba otsustus. FUNKTSINAALNE AUTONOOMIA (FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY): Motiivide transformatsioon. Kriteeriumid motivatsiooniteooriale: Käitumise motiiv on olevikus. Motiivide paljusus, pole taandatav ühele motiivile. Kognitiivsed protsessid (plaanid, eesmärgid, hinnangud). Indiviidi motivatsioonide muster on unikaalne. Funktsionaalne autonoomia – eelnevad motiivid kaotavad propriumis oma sisu ja tähenduse. Kaks liiki: püsiv funktsionaalne autonoomia ja
When several parties and movements sprang up, preaching independence in the early 1960s, the social-democratic form of nationalism became the dominant form of nationalism. The Quiet Revolution can be credited for the surge in Quebec nationalism. The Quebec Liberal Party has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalism that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation while also supporting reforms that would allow Quebec substantial autonomy. 23. The best-known explorers of Canadian north. The Hudson's Bay Company. Sir Martin Frobisher was an English seaman who made three voyages to the New World to look for the Northwest Passage. All landed in northeastern Canada, around today's Resolution Island and Frobisher Bay. Voyages in 1576, 1577 and 1578. John Davis was one of the chief English navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I. He led several voyages to
· Greater problem-centering gemeinschaftsgefühl Consuming life problem or `mission', devoted to excellence · Deeper, more loving personal relationships · Greater need for privacy · Unusual sense of humour `healthy detachment', can appear stand-offish philosophical, instructive · Autonomy/resistance to enculturation · Greater creativity Criteria are personal rather than external, avoid fashions Page Maslow: comments Personality · Adhered to some of Freud's ideas but not the pessimism that went Nomothetic Idiographic
4 kategooria alamkategooriad: x Kas käitumine on aktiivne või passiivne? x Kas käitumine on sisemine või välimine? McGuire'i kognitiivsed motiivid: x Cognitive Preservation Motives o Need for Consistency (active, internal) o Need for Attribution (active, external) o Need to Categorize (passive, internal) o Need for Objectification(passive, external) 6 x Cognitive Growth Motives o Need for Autonomy (active, internal) o Need for Stimulation (active, external) o Teleological Need (passive, internal) o Utilitarian Need (passive, external) McGuire'i afektiivsed motiivid: x Affective Preservation Motives: o Need for Tension Reduction (active, internal) o Need for Expression (active, external) o Need for Ego Defense (passive, internal) o Need for Reinforcement (passive, external) x Affective Growth Motives:
Undoubtedly the meetings were also occasions for trading erbal lore and passing on the news. We have little evidence about the political significance of the witches' organizations, but it's hard to imagine that they weren't connected to the peasant rebellions of the time. Any peasant organization, just by being an organization, would attract dissidents, increase communicationn between villages, and build a spirit of collectivity and autonomy among peasants. Witches as healers The witch is accused not only of murdering and poisoning, sex crimes and conspiracy but of helping and healing. Witch-healers were often the only general medical practioners for peole who had no doctors and no hospitals and who were bitterly afflicted with poverty and disease. In particular, the association of the witch and the midwife was strong. The Church was not against medical care for upper class. Kings and nobless had their court
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