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2009-12-11
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Names with and without the. A/ We do not use 'the' with names of most streets/roads/squares/parks etc.: Union Street (not 'the...') / Fifth Avenue/ Piccadilly Circus/ Hyde Park Blackrock Road/ Broadway/ Times Square/ Waterloo Bridge Many names (especially names of important buildings and institutions) are two words: Kennedy Airport/ Cambridge University The first word is usually the name of a person ('Kennedy') or a place ('Cambridge'). We do not usually use 'the' with names like these. Some more examples: Victoria Station (not 'the...') / Edinburgh Castle/ London Zoo/ Westminster Abbey/ Buckingham Palace/ Canterbury Cathedral But we say 'the White House', 'the Royal Palace', because 'white' and 'royal' are not names like 'Kennedy' and 'Cambridge'. This is only a general rule and there are exceptions. B/ Most other names (of places, buildings etc.) have names with the: These places usually have names with the:
........................................................ 5 Names that take the Definite Article...................................... 6 No article.............................................................................. 7 Countable and uncountable nouns ....................................... 9 General Rules There are two articles in the English language – the Indefinite Article and the Definite Article. The Indefinite Article has two forms – a and an (a precedes words beginning with a consonant sound and an precedes words beginning with a vowel sound). It comes from the Old English word ãn, which meant one. The Definite Article is the. It comes from the Old English word ţis, which meant this. Thus, in most general terms, a and an cannot be used with countable nouns in the plural and with uncountable nouns. Countable nouns are names of the things you can count (one elephant, two elephants, three elephants, etc).
which one we are talking about. She took a glass of water and started to drink. (one of many glasses of water) She took the glass of water nearest to her. (a specific glass) 3. We use no article when we are talking about people or things in general. English people drink a lot of tea. (English people in general) The English people in this hotel are very nice. (specific English people) 4. We use a / an to say what kind of person or thing someone or something is (often with an adjective, or to say it belongs to a particular group. You have a nice house. That's a very expensive car! A cat is an animal a bus is a vehicle. 5. We use the with singular countable nouns to talk about a type of thing. The computer was invented in the 20th Century. (not a particular computer) The computer in my office is broken. (a particular one) The crocodile is very dangerous. (this type of animal) The crocodile in the river is very big. (a particular one) She plays the piano
THE NO ARTICLE · Names in the plural = countries: the Nether- * Names of countries / towns (also with an es- lands, the USA; the West Indies ablished modifier): (South) Estonia, Tartu · Names of the countries, and towns with a * Expressions from North to South etc. characteristing / spacifying modifer: the Tartu of th 19th century * Names of streets, bridges, airports, parks, squares, buildings, railway stations, shops, · Names of rivers, channels / canals, seas, addresses: Fleet Street, Tower Bridge,
ARTICLES INDEFINITE ARTICLE (A/AN) 1.The indefinite article a/an is only used in front of a singular countable noun mentioned for the first time.The is used when it is mentioned.The is used when it is mentioned a second time, e.g. I bought a jacket and a dress. The jacket was quite cheap 2.Other uses: -to talk about someone's job, e.g. She's an architect. -with numbers and fractions, e.g. a hundred, a million, a third -to mean every with expressions of time, e.g. once a week, five times a year -with What...! exclamations, e.g. What a strange person! ZERO ARTICLE (NO ARTICLE) There is no article: -in front of plural countable nouns when making general statements, e.g. Apples are good for you. -in front of an uncountable noun when making general statements, e.g. Coffee keeps me awake. -in front of abstract nouns, e.g. Honesty is the best policy. -in front of meal times ,e.g. We have lunch at one.
court, prison, home, work kui neist kõneldakse seoses nende põhiotstarbega: She was in hospital for two weeks and we often went to the hospital to cheer her up. Sundays are good I don't have to be at work, I can stay in bed when others go to church and don't come home until noon. · Transpordivahendid: We usually come to school by bus. Nowadays people often travel by car. Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 NAMES without ARTICLE · Pärisnimed (ka koos tiitlitega): Senator Clinton ran for presidency in 2008. BUT: viidates kogu perele The Lopezes live in NYC now. · Õppeained, spordialad, erialad jne. (kui määratlemata): I like Japanese, and Japanese literature is interesting. · Mandrid, maailmajaod, riigid, linnad, mäed, saared, rannad, tänavad, pargid, lennu- ja raudteejaamad, paleed + Heaven, Hell and Paradise Have you seen Buckingham Palace? I thought I was in heaven but I was wrong.
They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns: •dog, cat, animal, man, person •bottle, box, litre •coin, note, dollar •cup, plate, fork •table, chair, suitcase, bag Countable nouns can be singular or plural: •My dog is playing. •My dogs are hungry. We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns: •A dog is an animal. When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it: •I want an orange. (not I want orange.) •Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?) When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: •I like oranges. •Bottles can break. We can use some and any with countable nouns: •I've got some dollars. •Have you got any pens?
TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening etc, at night/the weekend, on Fridays etc. Present Continuous · Actions taking place at or arount the moment of speaking (The kids are watching TV..) · Fixed arrangements in the near future (I'm going to the dentist tomorrow) · Currently changing ang developing situations (The number of burgularies is increasing)
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