To: Environmental protection agency From: Subject: Wind power versus oil shale Date: September 22 Wind power vs oil shale Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse if wind power is better than power which is produced from oil shale. The report is based on EWPA (Estonian Wind Power Association) article which is published on their web page. Wind power It is said that the wind power is the most expensive source of power, but this statement is not plausible, because the recourse -wind- is for free. Calculations have shown that if new oil shale blocks were built, it would cost 3473 million EEK in a year per capita. On the other hand, if wind power were renewed in similar amount, it would cost only 868 million EEK per capita in a year. It means that if the wind power were renewed, it would be 17 370 millions EEK cheaper. The fact that wind energy saves resources and produces neither dangerous ...
“Green Illusions” The Dirty Secrets of Clean Energy and the Future of Environmentalism Ozzie Zehner Author Ozzie Zehner Visiting scholar at University of California, Berkeley Kettering University ( BS – Engineering ) The University of Amsterdam ( MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies ) http://boa.czp-vecer.si/vecer2000/20131211/5023698_ Primarily researches social, cultural, political and economic .jpg conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes Introduction This book talks about the negative side effects of the alternative energy like wind turbines, solar cells and bio fuels. We don't have an energy crisis. We have a consumption crisis. And this book, offers refreshingly straight talk about what's wrong with the way we think and talk about the problem. Though we generally bel...
Renewable energy Meriliin Lend Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu 2013 Topics Renewable energy Solar energy Wind energy Hydroelectric power Geothermal energy Biomass energy Renewable energy Renewable energy comes from sources that naturally renew, or will not run out in our lifetimes. Includes sunlight, wind, water, geothermal heat and various forms of biomass. Renewable energy cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. Does not harm the environment. Saves money. Solar energy Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable. Every hour the sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy use has surged at about 20 percent a year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and gains in efficiency. Solar energy is inexhaustible. Noise free. Does not harm the environmen...
ELEKTROENERGEETIKA INSTITUUT Referaat Taastvad Energiaallikad Esitamise tähtaeg 14.04.2009 Õppejõud: Hannes Agabus Tudeng: Sergei Belosapko Nikita Naumov Tallinn 2009 Contents: 1. Renewable energy 1.1. Costs................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Potential future utilization..............................................................................4 1.3. Why Don't We Use More Renewable Energy? ...........................................5 2. Energy Types 2.1. Wind Energy.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. ...
Wind power is very old power source, sailing ships have been using wind power for at least 5,500 years. The first practical windmills were built in Afghanistan, from the 7th century to grind corn and draw up water. The first windmill for electricity production was built in Scotland in 1887 to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power. During the Second World War, small wind generators were to recharge submarine batteries. In the 1990s, wind power became more important, because fossil fuels pollute the atmosphere and humanity needed alternative fuels. That's because wind power is so necessary. Wind power is also renewable energy and it doesn't cause greenhouse gases. Building windmills is actually quite expensive and they need repairing or replacing about every 12-15 years. And strong winds can also break the wind turbines. Considering these thin...
Floating Wind Turbines University of Tartu 2012 Featured topics Basic layout of wind turbines About FWT Technology and advantages Initiatives Conclusion Introduction to how wind turbines work Electricity Kinetic Click to edit Master text styles Second level energy of the wind Third level is converted to Fourth level mehanical energy. Fifth level Main parts 1. Rotor blades 2. Shaft 3. Generator Introduction to how wind turbines work Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Second level Second level Third level Third level ...
SISUKORD ENERGY STORY................................................................................................................4 USES OF ENERGY............................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Uses of energy in homes...............................................................................................5 2.2 Types of energy used in homes.................................................................................... 6 2.3 Energy use in different types of homes........................................................................ 6 2.4 Commercial Energy Use...............................................................................................9 2.5 Industrial and Manufacturing Energy Use..................................................................11 2.6 Transportation Energy Use.................................................
Natural resources-our treasure Natural resources are land or raw materials like minerals, fluids, gases, organic matters and also woods, groundwater, animals and so on, in other words it's everything that human hasn't created. These resources are also used in industry. We get natural resources from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Renewable resources: Some natural resources can be reproduced within a few years or decades. These are called renewable resources. Solar radiation, wind and hydroelectricity, are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. Some natural renewable resources such as geothermal power, fresh water, timber, and biomass must be carefully managed to avoid exceeding the worlds capability to displace them. Solar energy is the energy derived directly from the Sun...
Name at least 3 renewable energy sources. What consequence might there be if we use non-renewable energy too much? Which energy technology is the world's fastest growing? With what name is renewable energy also known as? Light Heat Electricity Generated from natural resources. Doesn't harm the environment. Can't be replenished Most of our energy. May cause global warming. Wind energy is the fastest growing. Most renewable energy comes from the sun. Hydroelectric energy is the oldest and largest source. Renewable energy a.k.a "green" energy. Thank you for listening! We use energy every day. It surrounds us in different forms, such as light, heat, and electricity. Our bodies use the energy stored in molecules of substances like carbohydrates and protein to move, breathe, grow, and think. We also use energy to do work and to play. Humans have invented thousa...
Green Energy Program paid for and brought to by -Anja Bananja -Franz the Manz - And Just Chadrick Overview- What is Green Energy? Different Types? What is sustainability? German Green Energy Cost and Efficiency Recycling What is Green Energy? -It is energy resources that are renewable -Can be naturally replenished -Clean, Safe and not harmful to the environment (aka mother earth) Types of Green Energy Green Energy going cute Solar Power · Is produced by using photovoltaic cells, which capture sunlight and turns that into energy. Problems ? -The sun has got to shine -The cost of solar panels and the systems range between $20k-40k -The light from the sun produces a very small amount of energy Wind Power -These giant pinwheels spin from strong winds which spins ...
1 Wave energy Introduction to wave energy There are several possibilities to harvest different forms of energy from the sea. One of these options is the usage of waves for the generation of electricity. The devices needed to perform this task are called wave energy converters. Wave energy is indirect solar energy in twice. At first there is the wind, which is caused by variations in atmospheric pressure due to a differential solar heating of earth's surface by the sun. Different regions of pressure drives a force which rises a movement of atmospheric air masses that causes the earths wind system. If wind strikes over the surface of an open water, waves are induced. First they are very flat with only a low level of energy. When there is a long distance over the water on which wind can attack the small ones, they became bigger and bigger with a l...
Nuclear Power: A Burden or a Blessing? Today, when the pollution of Earth is an important matter, people are trying to find economic solutions to produce power. This is where the necessity of nuclear power plants comes in question. Nuclear power plants are a cheap way to generate electricity but it also brings a lot of pollution that is much more radioactive and toxic than, for example, coal waste. But if we are looking at the facts, burning coal pollutes the Earth much more than nuclear power plants because more waste is generated. CO2, which is released from burning coal, is the main cause of global warming. Nuclear waste is collected and hidden in rocks or under ground, where it won't face the environment. However we shouldn't depend on nuclear energy as Uranium reserves are ending, especially when the world population is increasing and so is the demand for energy. There is Uranium in seawater, but gettin...
New energy sources Rauno Hermann Scheer Energy law example for 47 countries 6.3% to over 20% Numerous awards including The Right Livelihood Award Renewable energy in world Investments 63 billion USD > 120 billion USD 20062009 Wind energy: 74 000 MW to 135 000 MW Solar energy: 5100 MW to 19 000 MW WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO TODAYS SOLAR, WIND AND BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES? Osmotic power How it works? Pressure created by osmosis powers turbines Where could be used Where fresh and salt water meet (creeks, fjords) Desalination plants Now Worlds first test factory in Norway Tofte (2009) Disadvantages Km2s of membranes needed Norway, Tofte Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level ...
Architecture and cities in the future · The painting by Frank R. Paul · Cities made of steel, glass and plastic · Massive skyscrapers, roof-top aerodromes, wide pedestrian boulevards, metal roadways, urban space launch pads, noise regulations. · Cities must change radically to achieve long-term sustainability. · Energy, food and water sources, transportation systems and basic infrastructure, must all adapt to emerging pressures from climate change, dw...
EESTI ökoloogiline jalajälg Eesti elaniku ökoloogilise jalajälge suurus on 7,9 hektarit. Millega tegeleb riik? 1. Toituainete tootmine 2. Puidu- ja metallitööstus 3. Elektri-ja soojatootmine 4. Põlevkivitööstus Süsiniku osakaal 2,79 gha / inimese kohta Põllupinna osakaal 0,84 gha / inimese kohta Karjamaa osakaal 0,14 gha / inimese kohta Metsa osakaal 2,37 gha / inimese kohta Kalapüügi territooriumi osakaal 0,08 gha / inimese kohta Täisehitatud maa osakaal 0,18 gha / inimese kohta Kaevandused tegeleb põlevkivivarude jätkusuutliku kaevandamisega, selleks et varustada elektri- ja õlitootjaid kütuse ja toorainega. Meie suure jalajälje põhipõhjus peitub põlevkivienergeetikas, mis tekitab suure hulga süsihappegaasi. Kuid peale selle on suure jalajäljenäidu taga ka nn. autostumine ning meie läänelikud tarbimisharjumused. Kas rii...
Environment and renewable energy 1. How can we help bring about a change in behavior? * Renewable energy is the sun and the water that people use, but not yet so widely. Required on all homes, various stations, hypermarkets solar panels to use the potential energy, the stock of which is not completed within 5 billion years. * Renewable sources such as wind and solar are intrinsically unsuited to meeting the demand for continuous, reliable supply on a large scale – which comprises most demand in developed countries. The criteria for any acceptable energy supply will continue to be cost, safety, and security of supply, as well as environmental considerations. 2. How can we encourage sustainable development? * To encourage you in the following way. To allocate money for the construction of such stations to States that are unable to pay for expensive power plants. Permanent sponsorshi...
Water creates energy Eduard Kamenski 11a form The world uses energy from many different sources, such as: hydroelectric power, nuclear power plants, solar energy, and wind generated power. There are positive and negative aspects of each source, but which source of energy is best? My opinion is that the best source of energy is water and I'll bring up some facts why do I think so. Hydroelectric power is currently the world's largest renewable source of electricity. It accounts for six percent of the worldwide energy supply or about fifteen percent of the world's electricity. Water has been found to be a major source of energy. Water power is utilized at present mainly as hydro-electricity. It is produced from moving water and from falls with the help of turbines and dynamos. Hydro-electricity has acquired great significance as a source of energy in the country in the present times and is being put to different uses. The following are the...
How can we increase the quality of breathable air? “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase. But how many of us realize that this has become irrelevant in today’s world? Air pollution is the addition of any harmful substances to the atmosphere, which causes the damaging of the environment, human health and the quality of life. Firstly, we should use green methods of powering like wind energy and landfill gas energy. This would reduce the amount of harmful gases. Another useful suggestion would be to plant trees. In this way we can increase the source of breathable oxygen. Unfortunately, many companies are contributing to deforestation. Finally, it would help if we put taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline. In this way people and companies will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less. In conclusion, there are many ways to ...
road signs All speed limit signs in the Republic changed to the metric system in 2005. Some direction signs still show distance in miles so tourists often mix them up. There are usually about 10 signs or more on one post , and its really hard to see them when driving, so tourists disturb traffic quite often when slowing down to read the signs All the signs are multilingual ,due to high percentage of English speakers Forests Ireland has only about 8 % of his whole land covered with forests. Centuries ago people cut the forests and didn't think about the future so nowadays there is mostly peat ( turvas) which Ireland uses to produce energy. Economy Ireland had a big economic boom in the late 20'th century, but now the Republic of Ireland is ranked the second wealthiest per capita country in the European Union. Education in Ireland is free at all levels, including college. The construction sector, which is inherently cyclical in nature, ...
Sustainable city planning Sandra Erik 11L What is sustainable city planning? • A sustainable city, or also know as eco-city, is a city designed with consideration of environmental impact, inhabited by people dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food, and waste output of heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water pollution. • It should meet the needs A sustainable city should be able to... • feed itself with minimal reliance on the surrounding countryside, and power itself with renewable sources of energy. • create the smallest possible ecological footprint • produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible • efficiently use land • compost used materials - Practical Achievement • Different agricultural systems - agricultural plots within the city – reduces distance. • Renewable energy sources - wind turbines, solar panels,...
The republic of Ireland Class 10 Road signs New signs are in kilometric scale , but some old signs are still in mile scale There are multilangual signs Forests Ireland has only about 8 % of his whole land covered with forests. Centuries ago people destroyed the forests Now there is mostly peat. Economy 25 % of europe computers come from ireland Ireland had a big economic boom in late 20'th century but now its back on top Ireland has the second highest per capita income of any country in the EU next to Luxembourg Construction plays big part in Irish economy The weather Irish think there is 4 kinds of weather Typical Irish weather is few minutes rain , few minutes sun then again rain and so on Energy About 98% of Ireland's final energy is produced by burning coal, petroleum, peat, or natural gas Ireland has lately ...
GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Since 1971, 90% of the increased energy has been stored in the oceans, mostly in the 0 to 700m region. Despite the oceans' dominant role in energy storage, the term "global warming" is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea at Earth's surface. Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850. More than 90% certain that most of global warming was being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities.In 2010 that finding was recognized by the national science academies of all majo...
The environment in realtion to mobility/transport in Europe Air pollution is problem all over the world. Through some pollution comes from these natural sources, most pollution is the result of human activity. The biggest causes are the operation of fossil fuel- burning power plants and automobiles that combust fuel. Combined, these two sources are responsible for about 90% of all air pollution in the United States. All kind of pollutions can lead us to serious health problems. For example, air pollution is increasingly being cited as the main cause of lung conditions such as asthma - twice as many people suffer from asthma today compared to 20 years ago. Every year, 3.2m Europeans are diagnosed with cancer - the most common cause of death after heart disease. Most widespread are cancers of the lungs, breast and colon. Diseases such as bronchitis, lung cancer and heart diseases may all eventually appear in people exposed to a...
Tuuleenergia Euroopas ja maailmas Eurооpa Liidus pаndi 2013. ааstаl tuulееnеrgial töötаvаid еlеktrijааmu 11,2 gigаvаti (GW) ulаtusеs, mis tееb kõikidе liikmеsriikidе tuulееnergiа koguvõimsusеks 117,3 GW. Lisаfаktе: • Tааstuvеnеrgiа еsindаs 72% kõikidеst uutеst 2013. ааstal rаjаtud еlеktritооtmisе võimsustеst, kusjuurеs küttеõlil, kivisöеl töötаvаtе – ning tuumаjааmаdе kаsvunumbrid jäävаd jätkuvаlt nеgаtiivsеks tänu mullu tegevusе lõpеtаnud еlеktrijааmаde suurеmаlе osаkааlulе. • Tuulеpаrgid mооdustаvаd 32% kõikidеst ееlmisеl ааstаl Euroopа Liidus еhitаtud uutеst elektrijaamadest. • EL riikides investeeriti mullu tuulееnеrgiаssе invеstееriti 13,0 – 18,0 miljardit eurоt. Eestis ееlmisеl ааstаl vаlminud tuulеpаrkidе koguinvesteering ületаs 122 miljonit eurot. • 2013. aastal tootsid tuulikud Euroopa Liidus keskmiselt 8,0% vajaminevast elektrist. • 2013. aastal lisаndus Euroopаs kokku tuulееnеrgiаt 11,2 GW, sh meretuuleparke ehk offshore t...
Ecological problems Situation Reason Consequenses Suggestions for solutions Ozone layer is damaged · Using different sprays · Increase of UV-rays · Ozone friendly products · Burning rubber and other (causes cancer) · Campaigns to make people plastics · There is no life possible on aware of dangers · Factories produce sulphur the Earth without ozone layer Depletion of natural resources · Misusage of natural · Loss of luxurity · Using renewable resources ...
We live in a constantly changing world There seems to be no stability or certanity about anything. Nations rise and fall, governments come to power and tumble, armies march and retreat, healthy people become sick and on and on the world goes. On the one hand the world we are living in is amazing, because science, medicine, technology, and so on are advancing at an ever-increasing pace. It has made our lives much easier than it was 100 years ago. For example we have phones, television, fast cars, eco towns, highrise buildings and so on. But on the other hand the world can also be frightful. People are starving, and do not have water to drink nor wash themselves. But somewhere someone has unlimited food and water and never thinks about those people who are in need. Due to the over consumption of water, gas, wood et cetera, we might be in a lack of mineral resources in the future. And if they run out, we need to find an alternative vari...
Environmental issues in Brazil Madis Pokk Facts about Brazil Capital: Brasilia Largest city: Sao Paulo Official language is Protugese Total area: 8 515 767 km² Population is 193 milion people Deforestation cutting down rainforest The highest rate in world of cutting down rainforest Major problem in Brazil Over 600 000 km² destroyed The problems that comes with deforestation New plants can't grow Global warming Life for animal Greenhouse gases Why they are cutting rainforest? More place for new homes To build new roads Selling the lumber to Japan To generate electricity Trees are used in flooring, furniture and other items Make more space for grazing lands Solution To enforce their anti-logging laws Provide alternatives to poor farmers Use less firewood and paper products Recycle old furniture and wood Educate yourself Ar...
TUULEENERGIA Mirjam Vesi MT-3 Tuuleenergia Tuuleenergia on üks taastuvaist energiaallikaist. Tuuleenergia muundatakse mehaaniliseks energiaks näiteks tuuleveskites ja tuule jõul töötavates veepumpades. Elektrienergiaks muundavad tuulegeneraatorid. Ajalugu 1887-1888. aasta talvel ehitas Charles F. Brush esimese elektrit tootva tuulegeneraatori. Tuulegeneraatoreid hakati suuremas mahus tootma 1970. aastatel, kui oli naftakriis 1991. alustas tööd esimene avamere tuulepark Esimene tuulegeneraator Elektrituulikute liigid Eristatakse üld- ja eriotstarbelisi tuulegeneraatoreid. Eriotstarbelised tuulegeneraatorid võivad olla kohandatud jahvatamiseks, aku laadimiseks,vee magestamiseks, tõstmiseks või pumpamiseks. Üldotstarbelisi tuulegeneraatoreid kasutatakse tuuleelektrijaamades. Suuri tuulegeneraatoreid paigaldatakse tuuleparkidena. tiibade arvu järgi:ühe-, kahe-, kolme- ja paljutiivalised; pöörlemistelje paigutuse...
Tuuleenergia rakendamine energiaallikana Karl Parts Sten Jõgi 11B Mis on tuuleenergia ? Tuuleenergia on tuule kineetilise energia muundamine tuuleturbiinide abil mehaaniliseks energiaks või elektrienergiaks. Tuuleenergia muundavad mehaaniliseks energiaks näiteks tuuleveskid ehk tuulikud ja elektrienergiaks tuulegeneraatorid ehk elektrituulikud. Miks on see hea ? Tuuleenergia kui alternatiiv fossiilsetele kütustele on taastuv, laialdaselt levinud ja puhas. Tuuleenergia ei tooda kasvuhoonegaase. Koormab keskkonda vähem kui teised energiaallikad. Ajalugu - Mehaaniline energia Purjepaadid ja -laevad on kasutanud tuuleenergiat tuhandeid aastaid ja arhitektid on sama kaua tuult majades loomuliku ventilatsioonina kasutanud. Kreeka insener Heroni tuulikut 1. sajandist kasutati esimesena teadaolevalt selleks, et masinat tööle panna. Veel 20. saja...
Ecology and Environment I Word formation Noun Verb Adjective Eruption Protection Pollution - Penetration Contamination Emission - Depletion - Prediction Reduction Consumption Campaign/campaigner Disaster - Radiation Destruction - II Give the opposite ... Renewable resources Use Protect Admissibly Predicted III Fill in the correct word 1. The polar bear's .......................... is the icy waste...
Air pollution Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time. The sources of air pollution are both natural and human-based. As one might expect, humans have been producing increasing amounts of pollution as time has progressed, and they now account for the majority of pollutants released into the air. Air pollution has been a problem throughout history. Even in Ancient Romepeople complained about smoke put into the atmosphere. The effects of air pollution are diverse and numerous. Air...
Acid Rain Acid rain is any precipitation that is unusually acidic. It possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions(it has low pH level). Acid rain is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with water molecules. Distilled water(doesn't contain CO 2), has pH level 7. Liquids with pH level less than 7 are acidic, liquids with pH level greater than 7 are alkaline. Unpolluted rain has a pH level over 5.7, so it is slightly acidic. Affected areas Places significantly impacted by acid rain around the globe include most of eastern Europe from Poland northward into Scandinavia, the eastern third of the United States and southeastern Canada. Other affected areas include the southeastern coast of China and Taiwan Causes · It is caused when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. In the atmosphere they re...
KUIDAS SÄÄSTA ENERGIAT? Kodune majapidamine. · Lülitage välja tühjas toas põlev lamp · Uute elektripirnide paigaldamisel eelistage säästupirne või valgusdioode (LED-e) · Küttekulude vähendamiseks laske vajadusel uuenda küttesüsteem, täiustada hoone soojustust ja ventilatsioonisüsteemi ning vahetage vanad aknad energiasäästliku- mate vastu. Valgusdioodid ja säästupirnid. · Valgusdioodid - 30-60 millivatti elektri- energiat. · Valgusdiood suunatulelaternad. · Säästupirn võtab 4-5 korda vähem elektrit kui võtab tavaline pirn. Kodune majapidamine · Teleri, audio- ja videotehnika mittekasutamisel on mõtekas need kohe ootereziimile lülitada. · Akulaadijad jätkavad seinakontakti jäädes voolu tarbimist. · Toidu valmistamisel asetage potile kaas peale. Kodune majapidamine · Pesumasina kasutamisel eelistage madalaid temperatuure . · Vanni asemel on mõistlik käia dusi all. · Hammaste harjamise...
Tallinn English College Report of Canada 8a Teacher: Merike Sisask Composer: Kärt Kalvet 2010 Canada, Kärt Kalvet 8a Canada General Information Canada is in North America. It's area is 9220970 sq km. Canada's population is 313.612.000 people. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Canada has constitutional monarchy. The head of state in Canada's government is the Queen of England. There are two main languages in Canada: English and French. Canada's curreny is Canadian dollar (1 dollar=100 cents[Can$]). The highest peak of Canada is Mount Logan, 5959 metres. The lowest point is sea level. The longest river is the Mackenzie. The climate and geography of Canada vary greatly from temperate in the south to arctic in the north and from islands and plains in the east to mountains in the west. Location...
Miina Härma Gymnasium Acid Rain Report Compiler: Teisi Timma 8a Teacher: Esther Linask Tartu 2009 Acid Rain Acid rain is rain consisting of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution - most notably the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes. Acid rain is also called acid deposition because this term includes other forms of acidic precipitation such as snow. Acidic deposition occurs in two ways: wet and dry. Wet deposition is any form of precipitation that removes acids from the atmosphere and deposits them on the Earth's surface. Dry deposition polluting particles and gases stick to the ground via dust and smoke in the absence of precipitation. This form of deposition is dangerous however because precipitation can eventually wash pollutants into strea...
The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel. The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind. Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning. The April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine was the product of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators. It was a direct consequence of Cold War isolation and the resulting lack of any safety culture. The accident destroyed the Chernobyl 4 reactor, killing 30 operators and firemen within three months and several further deaths later. Acute radiation syndrome was originally diagnosed in 237 people on-site and involved with the clean-up. Of these, 28 people ...
1)Main machinery On a ship, the engine room, or ER, is the propulsion machinery spaces of the vessel. To increase the safety and damage survivability of a vessel, the machinery necessary for operations may be segregated into various spaces. The engine room is one of these spaces, and is generally the largest physical compartment of the machinery space. The engine room houses the vessel's prime mover, usually some variations of a heat engine - diesel engine, gas or steam turbine. On some ships, the machinery space may comprise more than one engine room, such as forward and aft, or port or starboard engine rooms, or may be simply numbered. 1.1)Main engine The engine room of a motor vessel typically contains several engines for different purposes. Main, or propulsion engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, and may be able to switch between the two....
TUULEENERGIA Referaat Table of Contents SISSEJUHATUS.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.TUULENERGIA AJALOOST.....................................................................................................4 1.1.ÜLDINE TUULEENERGIA AJALUGU....................................................................................4 1.2.EESTI TUULEENERGIA AJALUGU.......................................................................................5 2.TUULEENERGIA EELISED......................................................................................................7 3.TUULEPARKIDE MÕJU KESKKONNALE JA MIINUSED.........................................................9 4.MÕJU INIMKONNALE............................................................................................................ 12 5.TUULEENERGIA HETKESEIS............................
5. Majanduse keskkonnamõju, keskkonnamõju Kardinalistid arvavad, et piirkasulikkust on tegurid. võimalik mõõta absoluutarvudes, näiteks: puhas õhk eur, leib eur, banaanid eur. Mõju (I) on kas ressursside ammutamine keskkonnast (näit. süsi, põlevkivi, nafta, puit) või Ordinalistid arvavad, et piirkasulikkust tootmis- ja tarbimisjääkide paiskamine absoluutarvudes mõõta on võimatu, küll aga keskkonda (näit. CO2 atmosfääri, reovesi võimalik eri kaupade ja teenuste piirkasulikkust veekogudesse). Mõõdetakse vastavalt heitmete järjestada ja iseloomustada järgarvudena, olekule (liitrid, tonnid jne). Indiviidide arv (P) näiteks: puhas õhk, puhas vesi, leib, banaanid. mõõdetakse loendades. Jõukus (A) on 9. Keskkonna hindamine. Keskkonn...
Semiootika Sügissemester 2010 Mihhail Lotman 1. Loeng 2. september 2010 Thomas A Sebeoki õpikud: Signs: An introduction to semiotics. Toronto 1994. Ungarlane, uuris soome-ugri keeli. Daniel Chandler. Semiotics the basics. London 2002. Semiotics for beginners. SAAB NETIST!!! www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B Soovituslik: 1) 2) sõnastik käsiraamat 3) teooria Juhatus semiootikasse: Paul Cobley; Liza Jansz Ch.W.Morris – Semiook Märk (kandja) M Tähendus D Interpretaator (närkaja) I M-D-I-T-K Tõlgendus T Kontekst K (LIIVA sisse, VEE sisse) jäljed jrk Feromoonid on märgid, mida me ise ei tunneta. Interpretaator pole in ise. Herma – viljakus, ilu, õnn. Svastika e haakrist keelaks ära (taval antisemitism), kuid see on ka teiste sümboolika. Nt USA indiaanlaste korv...
Referaat Railgun Table of contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 1.What a railgun basically is............................................................................................................4 1.1History of railguns...................................................................................................................4 1.2Theory behind it......................................................................................................................5 1.3How a railgun works...............................................................................................................6 1.4How a railgun would work on a military ship in the future....................................................8 3. Research advances so far...............................................................
Introduction (slide 2) In this presentation I'd like to give a brief overview of clay bricks. I'll speak about 15min to allow time for questions at the end. Firstly clay bricks are known for centuries as one of the most solid and reliable structural elements is set to play a role in reducing global warming. Apart form the many benefits obtained from using clay bricks in construction, such as their durability, insulation properties and aesthetic qualities, recent findings show that they also produce less carbon emissions than any other masonry material. History (slide 3) In more detail the earliest bricks were dried bricks, meaning they were formed from clay- bearing earth or mud and dried usually in the sun until they were strong enough for use. The oldest discovered bricks, originally made from shaped mud and dating before 10000 BC, were found in Mesopotamia related to the first known cities. Ceramic or fired bricks were first introd...
Keskkonna ja loodusressursside ökonoomika teooriaeksami kordamisküsimused 1. Keskkonnaökonoomika definitsioon ja valdkond Keskkonnaökonoomika - ökonoomika, mis tegeleb looduskapitaliga. Nii mikroökonoomika kui ka makroökonoomika sisaldavad mõlemad keskkonnaökonoomika komponenti. 3 põhilist kapitali vormi: finantskapital ja tootmisvahendid, inimkapital, looduskapital. 2. Looduse kogu majanduslik väärtus, Nigula raba. Looduse kogu majanduslik väärtus koosneb erinevatest komponentidest. See jaguneb esialgu kaheks: kasutusväärtus ning mittekasutusväärtus. Kasutusväärtus jaguneb omakorda otseseks tarbimiseks (materiaalne, mittemateriaalne tarbimine ning utilitaarne väärtus), kaudseks tarbimiseks (funkstionaalne kasu). Mittekasutusväärtus jaguneb tulevikuväärtuseks (otsene ja kaudne tarbimine tulevikus), olemusväärtus (teadmine, et säilimine on tagatud) ning pärandväärtus. Nigula raba: Looduskaitseline tähtsus - tutvustab loo...
Kordamisküsimused keskkonna ja säästva arengu ökonoomikast 2018 1. Keskkonnaökonoomika definitsioon ja valdkond Ökonoomika, mis tegeleb looduskapitaliga, on keskkonnaökonoomika. Keskkonnaökonoomika on majandusteaduse haru, mis käsitleb looduskeskkonna kaitse ja loodusressursside (nii taastuvate kui taastuvate) kasutamisega seotud majandusküsimusi. 2. Malthuse teooria Malthus arvas esimesena, et ,,ületootmine ja kogunõudluse ebapiisav tase tekitavad majanduses probleeme". 3. Rooma Klubi tulevikustsenaariumid aastani 2100. Keskkonna kvaliteedi dünaamika erinevus realistlikus ja pessimistlikus stsenaariumis. Rooma klubi eksimused: reservi definitsioon ei vastanud tegelikule reservile ei nähtud ette loodusressursside asendamisvõimalusi. Realistlik - 21. sajandi keskel on enamik ressursse ammendatud Pessimistlik - suurem ressursi tarbimine, saaste suurenemine on inimpopulatsiooni vähenemise peamiseks põhjuseks 4. Kasv...
EESTLASTE SUHTUMINE TAASTUVENERGIASSE Uurimistöö Koostaja: Klass: Juhendaja: 2009 Sisukord Sissejuhatus..........................................................................................................................................3 1. Taastuvenergia..................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Päike...........................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Päikeseenergia eelised:.......................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Passiivne päikeseenergia......................................................................................
khTallinn English College The United Kingdom Topic Mari-Liis Pakats Tallinn 2008 2 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................4 Geographical Position .................................................................................................4 History .........................................................................................................................4 Government..................................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief...............................................................................................................................
Tapa Uurimustöö Taani Kuningriik Koostaja: Alina Roditsenko Klass: 10 a 1 2008/ 2009 Sisukord Üldandmed 3 Asukoht 4 Pindala 5 Pinnamood 6 Kliima 7 Maavarad 8 Majandus 9 Rahvastik 10 Riigi arengutase 11 Riigi kuulumine majandusorganisatsioonidesse 12 Firmad sellest riigist 13 Rahvaarv ja rahvaarvu muutused 14 Rahvastiku paiknemine 15 Soolis-v...
Tallinn 2013 Ott Speek Subject: English Geodesy Study group: GI-21b PETROLEUM PRESENTATION Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil) is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and perme...
Review questions English lexicology Size of English vocabulary. Average speaker 45,000-60,000 words, a total of about 200,000. Core and periphery. English has been heavily influenced by other languages. 31.8 % comes from Old English, 45% comes from French, 16,7% comes from Latin, 4,2% other germanic languages and 2,3 other languages. The very core is mono-syllabic (93 of the first 100 words and the other seven are two-syllabic). The core vocabulary is predominantly germanic. Native and foreign element. Native words belong to very important semantic group (modal verbs-shall, will, can, may; pronouns- I, you, he, my, his; preps- in, out, under; numerals and conjunctions::but, till, as. Native words are head, arms, back; mother, brother, son, wife; snow, rain, wind, sun; cat, sheep, cow; old, young, cold, hot, dark; do, make, go, come, see. Many native words have developed many meanings (nt, hand, man, head). Most native words have become ...
Scotland ! Scotland (Gaelic: Alba) is a country in northwest Europe that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It is part of the United Kingdom, and shares a land border to the south with England. It is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland consists of over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. It was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which saw Scotland become one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Scotland's largest city is Glasgow, which was once one of the world's leading industrial metropolises, and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation which dominates the Scottish Low...
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