Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "W11 Homework Solutions". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
circuit, open, sensor, protection, relay, than, none, others, chapter, given, below, derive, both, function, value, above, modified, digital, solution, operating, needs, swing, limit, rise, added, release, able, four, analog, electromagnetic, implement, reading, linear, breaks, opens, adding, still, working, sensitive, higher, lower, voltage, frequencyHowever, the more I thought about it, the more I thought that a book aimed at interfacing the real world to micro- processors could prove valuable. This book is the result. I hope it proves useful. ix Introduction Modern electronic systems are increasingly digital: digital microprocessors, digital logic, digital interfaces. Digital logic is easier to design and understand, and it is much more flexible than the equivalent analog circuitry would be. As an example, imagine trying to implement any kind of sophisticated micro- processor with analog parts. Digital electronics lets the PC on your desk execute different programs at different times, perform complex calculations, and communicate via the World Wide Web. While the electronic world is nearly all digital, the real world is not. The temperature in your office is not just hot or cold, but varies over a wide range.
Question 1 Name 9 characteristic parameters of sensors. Solution: 1. Thershold. 2. Sensitivity. 3. Full Range. 4. Linearity. 5. Accuracy. 6. Precision. 7. Stability. 8. Hysteresis. 9. Noise. Question 2 Given the circuit below (using a SYH-2R humidity sensor) determine the output voltage for a relative humidity of 70 % at 30 °C if RT = 50 kΩ and VDD= 2.5 V. Solution: Check specification for Humidity Sensor of SYH-2R.pdf at: http://www.rhopointcomponents.com/images/SYH-2R.pdf 2 Week 04 Homework - Solutions Check Thermistor - Wikipedia.pdf at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor Calculate the Humidity Sensor resistance at 30°C T = 273.15°C +30°C = 303.15°C T0 = 273.15°C +25°C = 298.15°C R60% 30°C =25.5858 kΩ - Matlab code: 33*exp(4600*(1/303.15-1/298.15)) = 25.5858 Calculate the Humidity Sensor resistance at relative humidity 70%
Question 1 Name 9 characteristic parameters of sensors. Treshold, noise, range, stability, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, hysteresis Question 2 Given the circuit below (using a SYH-2R humidity sensor) determine the output voltage for a relative humidity of 70 % at 30 °C if R T = 50 kΩ and VDD= 2.5 V. R70 30 c =R H =9,2 kV RH 9,2 k V O= ∙ V DD= ∙ 2,5 = 0,388 V (R T + R H ) ( 50 k +9,2 k ) Hint: Check specification for Humidity Sensor of SYH-2R.pdf at http://www.rhopointcomponents.com/images/SYH-2R.pdf
Convert the decimal number 43.982 to (a) binary and (b) hex. Show all your calculations. a.) 101011.111110 b.) 2B.FB6 Question 2 Perform the calculation of 58 – 42 by first converting each decimal value to binary and then using the twos complement method. Show all your calculations 5810=001110102 4210=001010102 Converse to twos complement 4210=001010102=110101012+1=110101102 Then 58+(42) 001110102 +110101102 = 000100002 =1610 Question 3 Given the following bridge circuit for a strain gauge, determine the value of the strain gauge resistance {RS}. Let: VIN = 5V R3 = 100 Ω R2 = 50 Ω R1 = 100 Ω 2 Midterm Exam - Solutions a) Under no strain (VOUT = 0 V) b) When VOUT = 0,5 V {under strain}. Solution: a) Under no strain: R1 R3 R1R4 R2 R3 VOUT IN V VIN
Appendix B provides the dimensions of CPM1A Units. ! WARNING Failure to read and understand the information provided in this manual may result in personal injury or death, damage to the product, or product failure. Please read each section in its entirety and be sure you understand the information provided in the section and related sections before attempting any of the procedures or operations given. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS x Read and Understand this Manual Please read and understand this manual before using the product. Please consult your OMRON representative if you have any questions or comments. Warranty and Limitations of Liability ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
At breakdown, the diode goes into avalanche where a number of carriers appear suddenly in the depletion layer. With a rectifier diode, breakdown is usually destructive. 4)Typical values: Uknee- approximatly 0.7V; UF 0.7-2.0V; leakage (IR) 1-10 microA/200- 700microA. 5) Idealized characteristic. In view of a very small leakage current in the reverse- bias state and a small voltage drop in the forward-bias state as compared to the operating voltages and currents of a circuit in which the diode is used, the oputput characteristic of the diode can be idealized as shown in the figure. This corner can be used for analyzing the circuit topology, but should not be used for actual circuit design. At turn on, the diode can be considered as an ideal switchbecause it turns on rapidly as compared to transients in the circuit. 6) One of its main applications is in rectifiers, circuits that convert the Alternating voltage or
2ms Number of counts in 2ms: N 40,000 0.00005ms 1 1 b) Converse 18 MHz to time length: T 0.000055556ms f 20,000,000 2ms Number of counts in 2ms: N 36,000 0.000055556ms 18 MHz result 4000 counts less than 20 MHz. Question 2 (10 marks) Consider the following diagram The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 100ns. a) What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? b) Explain why this method results in higher resolution. Solution: a) 20 MHz divide by 10000 producing 2000 Hz or time length = 0.5 ms. Number of counts = 0.5ms/100ns=5000 counts 18 MHz divide by 10000 producing 1800 Hz or time length = 0.5555 ms.
2.3V and quantized voltage with the output code word equal to 011101012 using an 8 bit ADC with 5V reference? 011101012 = 117 Correspond to 5V * 117/256 = 2.2852V Error = 2,3V – 2.2852 = 0,0148V Question 5 A digital multimeter is designed to have a readout with four decimal digits. How many bits will be required in its ADC? MAX = 9999 213 = 8192 214 = 16384 (too many digits) 13 Bit will be required in ts ADC. Question 6 Draw a circuit diagram of a 2 bit flash ADC using only resistors, comparators and NAND gates. Question 7 Given the following dual-slope ADC: a) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-up phase? 𝑅𝐶 𝑡𝑢𝑝 = − ∙ 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −400𝜇𝑠 𝑉𝑖𝑛 The run-up phase takes 400 μs. b) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-down phase?
As current is applied to two opposing stator coils, the rotor is pulled into alignment with these twocoils. As the next pair of coils is energized, the rotor advances to the next position. The permanent magnet (PM) stepper has a rotor with alternating north and south. As the coils are energized, the rotor is pulled around. This figure shows a single coil to illustrate the concept, but a realstepper would have stator windings surrounding the rotor. The PM stepper has more torque than an equivalent VR stepper. The hybrid stepper essentially adds teeth to a permanent magnet motor,resulting in better coupling of the magnetic field into the rotor and moreprecise movement. In a hybrid stepper, the rotor is split into two parts, anupper and lower. One half is the north side of the magnet andone is the south. The teeth are offset so that when the teeth of one magnetare lining up with the mating teeth on the stator, the teeth on the other arelining up with the grooves, the
Read/write heads both recorded and recovered the data. Drums eventually stored as many as 4,000 words and retrieved any one of them in as little as five-thousandths of a second. 1951 The UNIVAC I delivered to the U.S. Census Bureau was the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine often was mistakenly referred to as the "IBM UNIVAC." Remington Rand eventually sold 46 machines at more than $1 million each. SPEED: 1,905 operations per second INPUT/OUTPUT: magnetic tape, unityper, printer MEMORY SIZE: 1,000 12-digit words in delay lines MEMORY TYPE: delay lines, magnetic tape TECHNOLOGY: serial vacuum tubes, delay lines, magnetic tape FLOOR SPACE: 943 cubic feet COST: F.O.B. factory $750,000 plus Early AI programs: checkers, chess (in Britain) Strachey wrote a checkers program for the Ferranti Mark I at Manchester (with Turing's
4. THD – Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR – Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6. Channels – multiple analog signal inputs to the ADC that can be individually selected or selected through a multiplexor. 7. Linearity – Describes how an ADC conveter follows a linear function. 8. Operating temperature – A temperature at which the ADC functions optimally, usually given by the manufacturer. 9. Power dissipation – The proportion of power dissipated (through heat) when the ADC is working. Question 2: An 8 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 5V. What is the digital output code word for an input of 1.2V? 001111012 What is the voltage range corresponding to 1 LSB? 0,0195V Question 3. A 15 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 10V. What is the digital output code word for an input of 6.83V? 101011101101100 Question 4.
1. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 0 2. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 0; V = 0 3. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 1; V = 0 4. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 0 5. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 0 6. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 0 7. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 1 8. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 1 9. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 1; V = 1 9. a) V and C b) N == Input and output 10. You have four PROM modules like the below figure and a sufficient collection of logic gates. Draw a circuit diagram showing how you can implement 4 kB of MP addressable memory to your Microprocessor with12 address bits. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) scheme has 10 address pins == 10. There was an error in the question. Assume the PROM module to be used has only 10 address pins. The input consists of 12 address bits. Use the most significant 2 bits to select a memory chip and the least significant 10 bits to select an address within the chip. The least
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12º BTDC at idle speed 1984-on (contact breaker) and all electronic ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6º BTDC at idle speed CVH engines (all models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12º BTDC at idle speed * Note: Ignition timing on models with either a Distributorless Ignition Sytem (DIS) or a programmed ignition system (ESC) cannot be adjusted. Refer to Chapter 5, Part B for further information. Spark plugs: Type: OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion RS9YCC or RS9YC CVH engines: Carburettor models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion RC7YCC or RC7YC Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection and Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C6YCC or RC6YC
automatically back and forth after fixed periods of time. In this release, the time periods are equal, but it is possible to give lower-priority roads a smaller time window. This mode is suited to be used in busy hours of the day. To activate Automatic mode: Put switch #3 on controller 1 into off position. DEMOCRATIC MODE Democratic is the default manual mode. This sensor makes full use of the sensors underneath the road. Here, the light will change only when there is a car next to the traffic light. After switching, the light will stay that way until a car will activate a sensor on the other road. This mode is suited to be used in low-traffic hours. To activate Democratic mode: Put switch #3 on controller 1 into on position. Put switch #4 on each controller into off position.
If byte(i) = DLE: if byte(i+1) = DLE -> indicates point links) flag = 01111110, unique byte pattern for SOF & EOF frame read on · Control field for unnumbered frames (lacking sequence This might happen because of: inadvertent DLE discard byte if byte(i+1) =ETX -> indicates end of frame 8 bit boundaries until EOF detected reception terminated. numbers) is shorter than for information/supervisory the loss of carrier, > Bit stuffing 1. scheme: flags (often used on point-point links) flag = 01111110, unique byte pattern 2. scheme: SOF delimiter & length indicator i) receiver searches for SOF delimiter frames authentication failure,
Motherboard - the principle printed circuit board assembly in a computer; includes core logic (chipset), interface sockets and/or slots, and input/output (I/O) ports. Printed circuit board (PCB) - a thin, laminated sheet composed of a series of epoxy resin and copper layers and etched electronic circuits (signal, ground and power) Chipset (or core logic) - two or more integrated circuits which control the interfaces between the system processor, RAM, I/O devises, and adapter cards. Processor slot/socket - the slot or socket used to mount the system processor on the motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X
The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 100ns. a) What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? 10 MHz 10 MHz =5000 =5555,555 2000 Hz 1800 Hz Between 20MHz and 18MHz are 555,555 counts. b) Explain why this method results in higher resolution. Higher resolution gained by increased sampling rate. Question 3 Consider the following simple mixer circuit. a) Why do we require a low-pass filter when using this mixer circuit? Mixer needs more parts b) Name another disadvantage of such a mixer circuit. The mixer approach multiplies the frequency shift you want to measure, but also any other frequency shift. This includes drift caused by component heating, noise, etc. Question 4 Consider the following circuit and input waveform. Question 3 Draw an equivalent output waveform. Question 3 Question 5
frequency and the input frequency output input · How many thyristors are required for the cycloconverter with the three-phase output 18 · What does the term "a direct ac converter" mean without rectifying without energy storage · What is the most obvious use of the cycloconverter low-frequency · Why does a matrix converter need full controlled devices to change current · Why a device is called as "dc link converter" internal dc circuit · What does the dc link converter consist of rectifier inverter capacitor · What are the applications fields of cycloconverters rolling mills · What does a continuous current means non-pulsing · Call the difference of half-bridge and full-bridge dc/dc converters input/output voltage ratio · Why the transformer-isolated converters are used voltage set-up · Why the back diodes are required current reversing · In the steady state mode, the drive has pulsations ripples
appearance of the application or the underlying business rules without affecting the other. In MVC, the model represents the information (the data) of the application; the view corresponds to elements of the user interface such as text, checkbox items, and so forth; and the controller manages the communication of data and the business rules used to manipulate the data to and from the model. 4. design pattern MVC encompasses more of the architecture of an application than is typical for a design pattern.[citation needed] When considered as a design pattern, MVC is semantically similar to the Observer pattern. Model Is the domain-specific representation of the information on which the application operates. Domain logic adds meaning to raw data (for example, calculating whether today is the user's birthday, or the totals, taxes, and shipping charges for shopping cart items).
Introduction The SOLAS Convention includes a requirement for all ships to carry to up-to-date nautical charts and publications for the intended voyage. This carriage requirement may be satisfied fully or partly by electronic means. Feed back from people involved in the use of charts and electronic chart display equipment covering manufacturers, distributors, users, ship owners, regulatory authorities pilots, harbour authorities and others reveal a significant uncertainty about status and regulations applying to the products and equipment available in the market today. In particular the differences between the status of the various types of equipment and the differences between the various types of data offered to the users are unclear with respect to the regulations in place. This compendium of facts about chart carriage requirements has been compiled to serve
Factors affecting direct/indirect cost classification: Materiality of the cost in question - the smaller the amount of cost, the more immaterial the cost is, the less likely that it is economically feasible to trace the cost to a particular cost object. Available information-gathering technology. Design of operations. Variable cost changes in total in proportion to changes in the related level of total activity or volume. Fixed cost remains unchanged in total for a given time period, despite wide changes in the related level of total activity or volume. Cost driver is a variable, such as the level of activity or volume, that causally affects costs over a given time span. Relevant range is the band of normal activity level or volume in which there is a specific relationship between the level of activity or volume and the cost. Cost of goods sold: Beginning finished goods inventory Cost of goods manufactured Cost of goods available for sale
t z r z r r r r 2 9. Find velocity components for ,,Kelvin cat eyes": U * h y x -U *t ( x, y , t ) = U * y + * Ln cosh( ) + A * cos( ) 2 h h u= v=- We know that y and x , we need take derivation from given equation: U h y x - U t u= = U y + ln cosh + A cos y y 2 h h y U sinh =U + h y x - U t 2 cosh + A cos h h U h y x - U t v= = U y + ln cosh + A cos =
others. However, all facts need to be linked to give a logical flow. This unit will give you language practice in this important aspect of producing written documents. Evaluation Exercise 1 Connectives Study the following two versions of the same text and decide which do you find easier to read and why? what is the difference between them? When the ICN equipment was first introduced, it was found to provide a flexible and advanced system. Its speed of operation was greater than comparable hardware then available. In recent months major faults have developed in the equipment. The local agent appears incapable of providing a reliable repair service. The system is regularly out of order for several days at a time. The makers have agreed to replace the system free of charge. The new equipment will not be installed for at least six months. Such a delay is clearly unacceptable to us. We should insist that ICN send their own engineer to service the equipment
The devices needed to perform this task are called wave energy converters. Wave energy is indirect solar energy in twice. At first there is the wind, which is caused by variations in atmospheric pressure due to a differential solar heating of earth's surface by the sun. Different regions of pressure drives a force which rises a movement of atmospheric air masses that causes the earths wind system. If wind strikes over the surface of an open water, waves are induced. First they are very flat with only a low level of energy. When there is a long distance over the water on which wind can attack the small ones, they became bigger and bigger with a lot of energy inside them. Physics of wave energy To have a better understanding of the technical possibilities to harvest the energy out of waves to convert it into electric energy it may be helpful to have a look onto the physics of wave formation, the forces which attack and the
A guard puts an extra constraint on the enabling of bindings for a transition. 6.Interactive simulaton An execution of a CPN model is described by means of an occurrence sequence which specifies the intermediate markings reached and the steps that occur A reachable marking is a marking that is reachable via an occurrence sequence starting from the initial marking A non-deterministic CPN model– existence of a reachable marking with more than one enabled binding element. This means that there exist different occurrence sequences containing different sequences of steps and leading to different reachable markings. The individual steps themselves are deterministic. 7.Functional programming CPN ML extends Standard ML with constructs for defining color sets and declaring variables. Standard ML also used for implement simulation, state-space analysis and performance analysis.
games programming. It assumes the reader is familiar with Java, but presents short overviews of gaming, the low-level APIs OpenGL and DirectX, and Java 3D. No programming examples are included here, although links to online code are supplied. 1. Background to Gaming Giving a definition for `computer game' is problematic, due to the wide range of game types. For example, the ArcadePod site (http://www.arcadePod.com) divides its hundreds of Java games into more than ten categories: 3D games, multiplayer, action, classic, indoor sports, board, outdoor sports, card, mind, casino, educational, and the useful `miscellaneous' catch-all. This makes it difficult to pin down the typical content of a game, and highlights the range of design and programming skills required to create one. Another problem with giving a definition is that game platforms vary enormously, including PCs, dedicated game consoles (e.g. the Sony PlayStation 2), arcade
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service + Amplifiers AMR Audio Modem Riser ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance ANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format ANI Automatic Number Identification .ANI Animated Cursor (file name extension) [Microsoft] ANN Artificial Neural Network .ANN Annotations (file name extension) [IBM] ANOVA Analysis Of Variance ANSI American National Standards Institute ANX Automotive Network Exchange [Chrysler/Ford/ General Motors] AO Analog Output AOCE Apple Open Collaboration Environment AO/DI Always On/Dynamic ISDN AODV Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector AOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T] AOL America Online AOS Add Or Subtract AP Adjunct Processor + Application Processor A/P Accounts Payable APA Adaptive Packet Assembly + All Points Addressable + Arithmetic Processing Accelerator APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM] APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM] APCUG Association of PC User Groups
60 - 80 -20 0 1 0 0 Result is negative (N) Z remains 0, because result isn’t zero. Input and output 10. You have four PROM modules like the below figure and a sufficient collection of logic gates. Draw a circuit diagram showing how you can implement 4 kB of MP addressable memory to your Microprocessor with12 address bits. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) scheme has 10 address pins The input consists of 12 address bits. Use the most significant 2 bits to select a memory chip and the least significant 10 bits to select an address within the chip. The least
Introduction VoIP is a solid technology available since some years that allows people to communicate via voice using the IP protocol instead of telephone lines. Unfortunately this technology has been relegated in a niche market due to several factors such as proprietary standards, high price tag, limited integration with existing telephony environments. However in the last couple of years the situation changed dramatically since some open source tools such as asterisk as well as low-cost VoIP telephone adapters and services become available. In fact, today it is quite common for internet providers to provide their customers VoIP calls at very low cost, if any, in addition to standard xDSL connectivity. The VoIP uses Internet protocol (IP) to send digitized voice traffic over the Internet or private networks. An IP packet consists of a train of digits containing a control header and a data payload
2. Preparation for the experiment. Remove the test tube and wash it carefully with distilled water. Firmly attach the test tube back. Adjust the burettes to the same height and check whether the water level (c) in both of the burettes is at the same height. Raise one of the burette branches 15...20 cm higher than the other one and observe for a few minutes whether the water level stays still. If it does not change then the apparatus is hermetically sealed and the experiment can begin. Otherwise check the stoppers and hoses to ensure the apparatus is hermetic and then try again. Bring the burettes again to the same height and remove the test tube. 3. The experiment
room. He called this darkened room a "collecting place" or the "locked treasure room." in 384-322 before Christ the optical illusion was understood by Aristotle. The crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve, and the gaps between leaves of a plane tree was viewed by him. Full account of the principle including experiments with five lanterns outside a room with a small hole was given by The Islamic scholar and scientist Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham) (c.965 - 1039) Two clear descriptions of the camera obscura were given (1490) in the notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. Many of the first camera obscuras were large rooms like that illustrated by the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use in observing a solar eclipse. The image quality was improved with the addition of a convex lens into the
head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE Codebreakers The Story of Secret Writing By DAVID KAHN (abridged by the author) A SIGNET BOOK from
4. Monotonicity 5. Relative Accuracy Question 15 A) 5/4 = 1.25 B) 25/8 = 3.125 C) 15/8 = 1.875 Vref R f (4S2 2S1 S0 ) 5(4S2 2S1 S0 ) VOut 8R 8 Question 16 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is a commonly used technique for controlling power to inertial electrical devices and DC motors. The PWM switching frequency has to be much faster than what would affect the load on the DC motors. 1. Draw the motor current and the motor voltage characteristic during the operation with a constant PWM signal of 50% duty cycle. 2. Recommend the suitable range of frequency for this PWM applied in mictrocontrollers. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PWM systems. Solution: 1. Draw the PWM signal of 50% duty cycle for the motor current and voltage: UMotor
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