Vajad kellegagi rääkida?
Küsi julgelt abi LasteAbi
Logi sisse

Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid

TRANSHUMANT 
GRAZING SYSTEMS 
IN TEMPERATE ASIA
Merlin -Hans Hiiekivi
Authors :J.M.Suttie
               S.G  Reynolds
Intro
• Temperate Asia has vast  areas  of grazing lands
•  Both  transhumant and agropastoral systems are 
common
Cold semi-arid Asia
• Over most of area thee is little interaction  between  
herding and croping
• A  major  herding skill is  getting  stock fat  summer  and 
autumn  to  survive  the  winter
• In 20th the livestock industry was collectivized for a 
period
• Most of the countries of th  region   report   serious  
degradation of their grazing lands. By the  least  affected 
is  Mongolia
Mongolia  Case   Study
• Topographic features ,  weather  andfeed 
availability  influence  the itineraries chosen for 
immigration
• All movements are  west -east to make better use 
of pasture recources and climatic differences
•  Distance  travelled annually is  between  90 and 
180 km
• No herders  stay  at  higher  altitudes in winter
•  Since  decollectivization puclic  services , including 
technical  support   have detoriated,  leading  to 
marketing and procurement of neccesities
Chinas pasture resources
•  There  is great diversity of psture  types
• A range of forages and pasture  plants  havebeen 
developed  to  suit  the various zones
• Pastures of family farms belong to the state and grazing 
rights  are leased. 
Western   Himalaya
• The transhumance systems are  similar  throughtout. 
• Overwintering in lowlands gives herders  access  both to 
markets  and opportunities for seasonal employment
• Herders belong into minority  tribes
Bhutan case study
• No crops are  grown , only a few vegetables
• Stock  numbers  are on  raise  and andpastures generally 
hard  grazed
•  Bush  enchroachment is exerbated by a ban of pasture 
burning to  improve  wildlife  habitat
• Major problem is winter  mortality  of younger and weaker 
animals  due to malnutrition
• Oats have shown  considerable  promise but  seed  supply 
has  still  to be organized
Nepal case study
• Two grazing systems were studied both in raising chauris 
for  milk
•  First  system is highly commercialized and  based   around  
a milk purchasing organization
• The second has no  outlet  of fresh milk, only  ghee  and 
local  dry  cheese  is sold
•  During  passage between seasonal grazing lands they 
use the transitional pastures for about four months 
Future directions
• Conflict of instrests between settled farmers and herders 
is rising with rising population pressure and 
intensification of agriculture
•  Poor  pasture  figures  highly  among  technical  constraints
There is serious need of monituring the pasture 
condition and  trends  as a  management   tool  to to 
measure enviromental impacts
• Main technical problems are socio-economic 
Was it boring?

Document Outline

  • Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia
  • Intro
  • Cold semi-arid Asia
  • Mongolia Case Study
  • Chinas pasture resources
  • Western Himalaya
  • Bhutan case study
  • Nepal case study
  • Future directions
  • Was it boring?
Vasakule Paremale
Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #1 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #2 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #3 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #4 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #5 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #6 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #7 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #8 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #9 Transhumant Grazing systems in Temperate Asia #10
Punktid 50 punkti Autor soovib selle materjali allalaadimise eest saada 50 punkti.
Leheküljed ~ 10 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
Aeg2015-11-09 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti
Allalaadimisi 1 laadimist Kokku alla laetud
Kommentaarid 0 arvamust Teiste kasutajate poolt lisatud kommentaarid
Autor merlinsama Õppematerjali autor

Sarnased õppematerjalid

Savanna
5
doc

Savanna

broadleaf forests and rainforests are usually not grazed owing to the closed structure precluding grass growth, and hence offering little opportunity for grazing. In contrast the open structure of savannas allows the growth of a herbaceous layer and are commonly used for grazing domestic livestock. As a result

Inglise keel
Topic – Australia
10
doc

Topic – Australia

From the east by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea. Australia's coastline is about 37,000 km long. The Great Australian Bight washes the southern coast. The Gulf of Carpenteria and the Cape York Peninsula surround it in the south. 3. Relief Australia is the smallest continent in the world It is often called the island continent because is too big for an island but rather small for a continent. Australia is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 6,000 miles of ocean separate in from the America. Australia is the only continent except for Antarctica that lies all south of the equator. The natural zones of Australia are very various. There are deserts, semi deserts, grasslands, savannas, bushlands and rainforests. The wet forests occupy the narrow region in the east. Most of the animals, birds and insects live in that region, because there is enough food

Inglise keel
Australia
6
doc

Australia.

Australian temporary rivers are called creeks. The biggest rivers of Australia are in the eastern part of the country. The Murray River is the largest but the second longest river, only its tributary the Darling river is longer than it. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps and flows north-west. It makes up much of the border of the New South Wales and Victoria. The Murray-Darling river system is one of the largest river systems in the world. There are predominantly dry salt lakes in the flat desert regions of the country lacking in organised drainage. The Australians can get most of their underground water from the Great Artesian Basin, which is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world. Iti is near Lake Eyre, the Great Dividing Range and the Simpson Desert. An artesian well is a confined aquifer containing groundwater that will flow upwards

Inglise keel
Sunflower
31
doc

Sunflower

individual flowers make for a high probability of finding nectar. Monarch butterflies are commonly seen nectaring on sunflowers during their fall migration. Whether as a source of food for people and wildlife or an eye-catching splash of color on the landscape, the Common Sunflower is an important member of the prairie community. I. History: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the few crop species that originated in North America (most originated in the fertile crescent, Asia or South or Central America). It was probably a "camp follower" of several of the western native American tribes who domesticated the crop (possibly 1000 BC) and then carried it eastward and southward of North America. The first Europeans observed sunflower cultivated in many places from southern Canada to Mexico. Sunflower was probably first introduced to Europe through Spain, and spread through Europe as a curiosity until it reached Russia where it was readily adapted. Selection for

Ökoloogia ja keskkonnakaitse1
Introduction of SCM
40
doc

Introduction of SCM

Additionally, in recent years it has become clear that many companies have reduced their manufacturing costs as much as it is practically possible. Therefore, in many cases, the only possible way to further reduce costs and lead times is with effective supply chain management. In addition to cost reduction, the supply chain management approach also facilitates customer service improvements. It enables the management of: inventories, transportation systems and whole distribution networks so that organizations are able to meet or even exceed their customers' expectations. The major objective of supply chain management is to reduce or eliminate the buffers of inventory that exists between originations in chain through the sharing of information on demand and current stock levels. Broadly, an organization needs an efficient and proper supply chain management system so that the following strategic and competitive areas can

Kategoriseerimata
Australia
10
doc

Australia

Australia Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is 7.6 million square kilometres big. It is often called the island continent because it is rather small for a continent and very big for an island. There are only five countries bigger than Australia in the World. There are five states in the mainland. Tasmania is also considered as a state so there are six states. The Northern Territory and Canberra are also independent but they are not states. Canberra is the capital of Australia and it is situated between Sydney and Melbourne because both of these cities wanted to be the capital. The population is about 19 million people and growing. New South Wales is the most populated state and Victoria is the most densely populated state. The national language is English. It is English because British settlers came to live in Australia in the past and they brought convicts with them who were also British. S

Inglise keel
Kuidas muudab mudelprojekteerimine teraskonstruktsioonide valmistamist ja ehitamist
228
pdf

Kuidas muudab mudelprojekteerimine teraskonstruktsioonide valmistamist ja ehitamist

the model into paper format. On complex-shaped buildings, architects are representing the global geometries of external surfaces in 3D – including roofs, cladding, glazing systems, etc. – while component details are supplemented with conventional 2D drawings. What used to be a tedious computational method working with 2D segments of a building is becoming a visual process working with pictorial representations of the structure, building systems, and architecture (Smilow, 2007). The study by Ku, Pollalis, and Fischer (2007) is noteworthy in that it highlights two main practices that architects follow when designing complex structures in 3D. When using ‘master model technology’ the architect retains control and assumes responsibility of the original 3D model and shares it with downstream participants, who import the model to develop their own work. The model is considered the primary documentation governing

Ehituskonstruktsioonid
Kodutöö word variant 9 teema 19
18
docx

Kodutöö word variant 9 teema 19

Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavor. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, or Cape Verde, explored the African coast as well as colonizing selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India that rounded the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean and established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan. In 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta. It was the first prosperous Islamic trade center in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. Throughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing

Informaatika




Meedia

Kommentaarid (0)

Kommentaarid sellele materjalile puuduvad. Ole esimene ja kommenteeri



Sellel veebilehel kasutatakse küpsiseid. Kasutamist jätkates nõustute küpsiste ja veebilehe üldtingimustega Nõustun