füüsiline rakenduste vahel. Tagab ka vigade avastamist ja voo kontrolli * võrgu kiht tagab ülemistele kihtidele sõltumatuse info edastuse j a lülituste tehnoloogiate erinevustest. Vastutab ka ühenduste loomise, hoidmise ja lõpetamise eest * Kanali kiht tagab usaldusväärse informatsiooni edastamise füüsilisel kanalil. Saadab frame vajaliku sünkronisatsiooniga, vigade kontroll ja voo kontroll. * Füüsiline kiht – struktureerimata bitijada edastamine üle füüsilise ühenduse. Tegeleb mehhaanilisete, elektrilisete, funktsionaalsete ja protseduuriliste karakteristikutega, et pääseda ligi füüsilisele kanalile. Kuna iga kihi funktsioonid on kindlalt defineeritud, saab standardeid arendada erinevate kihtide jaoks iseseisvalt. See kiirendab standardite loomist. Kuna piirid kihtide vahel o
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... - 10 - Referencies .............................................................................................................................. - 11 - -3- Introduction VoIP is a solid technology available since some years that allows people to communicate via voice using the IP protocol instead of telephone lines. Unfortunately this technology has been relegated in a niche market due to several factors such as proprietary standards, high price tag, limited integration with existing telephony environments. However in the last couple of years the situation changed dramatically since some open source tools such as asterisk as well as low-cost VoIP telephone adapters and services become available. In fact, today it is quite common for
Kuna inimene liigub, muutub sagedus – lainepikkus – tuleb kogu aeg kanalit järgi kruttida. 2. Mida tähendab alla- ja üleslüli ning dupleks kaugus mobiilsides Pertaining to computer networks, a downlink is a connection from data communications equipment towards data terminal equipment. This is also known as a downstream connection. The uplink port is used to connect a device or smaller local network to a larger network, or connect to the next "higher" device in the topology. For example, the edge switch connects "up" to the distribution layer managed switch. Lühidalt - The communication going from a satellite to ground is called downlink, and when it is going from ground to a satellite it is called uplink Duplex distance is the space between the uplink and downlink frequencies. The duplex distance for GSM is 80 MHz, where each channel has two frequencies that are 80 MHz apart. 3
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM]
short-circuited, the voltage may drop and result in the outputs being turned OFF. As a countermeasure for such problems, external safety measures must be provided to ensure safety in the system. ! WARNING When transferring programs to other nodes, or when making changes to I/O memory, confirm the safety of the destination node before transfer. Not doing so may result in injury. ! Caution Execute online edit only after confirming that no adverse effects will be caused by extending the cycle time. Otherwise, the input signals may not be readable. ! Caution Tighten the screws on the terminal block of the AC Power Supply Unit to the torque specified in the operation manual
: , , . . . : , , . . . , . , ( ..) . 4. Kihid, teenused, protokollid ja andmete liikumine läbi kihtide. , . , , . , , , . , , . : . , . (timing) , . 5. OSI mudel. Application- OSI ( ) Presentation ( ) Session , . Transport , , . Network . : , . Data link (link). , . Physical . , , . 6. TCP/IP mudel. Application layer (Mail services, File transfer and access, remote log-in, access to the WWW) Transport layer ( , , , ) Internet layer Network access layer ( ). ().
A micro- processor-controlled machining tool has to position the cutting bit in the right place to cut a piece of steel. This book provides coverage of practical control applications and gives some opamp examples; however, its focus is neither control theory nor opamp theory. Primarily, its coverage includes measurement and control of analog quantities in embedded systems that are required to interface with the real world. Whether measuring a signal from a satellite or the temperature of a toaster, embedded systems must measure, analyze, and control analog values. That’s what this book is about—connecting analog input and output devices to microprocessors for embedded applications. xi System Design 1 Most embedded microprocessor designs involve processing some kind of
scenarios and explore the behaviour – simulations is to debug and investigate the system design – interactive for the simulation with single-step debugging– Automatic simulations with breakpoint setting. The concept of CPN modules(– based on a hierarchical structuring mechanism - allows a module to have sub-modules– allows module-composition into a new module – reuse of sub-modules in different model parts– allows modeller to work bottom-up & top-down) Visualization in CPN modules is important for(– presentation of design ideas & analysis results– discussion with people unfamiliar to CPN– abstractly visualizing a CPN module execution for an application context) Verification involves(– a mathematical formulation of a property– a computer-assisted proof that a model satisfies a property– verified properties must be those a system should possess– informal
Internet Andra Oja What is Internet? The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. History of the Internet 1957:The United States Department of Defense formed a small agency called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) to develop military science and technology.
Chipset (or core logic) - two or more integrated circuits which control the interfaces between the system processor, RAM, I/O devises, and adapter cards. Processor slot/socket - the slot or socket used to mount the system processor on the motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X (66MHz), 2X (133MHz), or 4X (266MHz). PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - a high speed interface for video cards, sound cards, network interface cards, and modems; runs at 33MHz. ISA - Industry Standard Architecture - a relatively low speed interface primarily used for sound cards and modems; runs at approx. 8MHz. RAM - Random Access Memory - see System RAM Port (serial, parallel, PS/2, USB, sound, LAN, VGA, SCSI) - interface connectors for the associated types of devices Serial - a low speed interface typically used for mice and external modems Parallel - a low speed interface typically used for printers
The PlayStation 2 processor runs with a clock speed of 294 MHz, has 32Mb of RAM, and a separate graphics chip that can render about 66 million polygons per second. The small amount of RAM is an important constraint upon games wishing to use Java. The introduction of the Xbox changed the game rules (so to speak), with its Pentium III, 64Mb RAM, a 8Gb hard disk, and the ability to render 150-200 million polygons per second. Sony and Microsoft have recently released network adapters for their consoles, highlighting the growing importance of multiplayer games. Future console designs (e.g. the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 2) will bring PCs and consoles even closer, and further emphasize online gaming. The PlayStation 3 (slated to appear at the end of 2004) may use a 3GHz processor, 512Mb RAM, a 120Gb hard disk, and render 2 billion polygons per second. The Xbox 2 (due at the end of 2006) may employ a Pentium 4, a clock speed of 1GHz, 1Gb RAM, a 160Gb hard disk, and
Moreover, it provides a useful vehicle for communicating the architecture to non-technical audiences, such as management, marketing, and users. Logical Architecture In Logical Architecture, the externally visible properties of the components are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which component developers and component users can work in relative independence. Logical Architecture. Model System Behavior Execution Architecture An Execution Architecture is created for distributed or concurrent systems. The process view shows the mapping of components onto the processes of the physical system, with attention being focused on such concerns as throughput and scalability. The deployment view shows the mapping of (physical) components in the executing system onto the nodes of the physical system. Architecture views 2
How many people need to be surveyed in order to be able to describe fairly accurately the entire group? How should the people be selected? What questions should be asked and how should they be posed to respondents? In addition, what data collection methods should one consider using, and are some of those methods of collecting data better than others? And, once one has collected the information, how should it be analyzed and reported? Deciding to do a survey means committing oneself to work through a myriad of issues each of which is critical to the ultimate success of the survey. Yet, each day, throughout the world, thousands of surveys are being undertaken. Some surveys involve years of planning, require arduous efforts to select and interview respondents in their home and take many months to complete and many more months to report results. Other surveys are conducted with seemingly lightning speed as web survey requests are transmitted simultaneously to
encoding H.264 MPG2 IPB Playback type Non-linear linear Res & data 1080p 1080i 1920x1080 1440x1080 16:9 4:3 Most AVCHD cameras will claim full 1080, and some will claim 1080p output. They are all recording as a 1080i frame, and converting to 1080p when using the hdmi output. (My HDV equipment does the same, sends it to the tv as a 1080p signal over hdmi) The resolution is 1920x1080, so technically this would be a slightly sharper picture than the 1440x1080 that HDV records. My JVC camera has 4 compression settings. 5meg, 12 meg, 15 meg and a whopping 24 meg. The 3 lower bit rates are directly compatable with the AVCHD standard for optical disks, so disks made can directly be played on bluray players
alternating current into direct voltage or direct current. It is also applied in detectors, which find the signals in the noisy operation conditions. The third application is in switching circuits because an ideal rectifier acts like a perfect conductor when forward biased and lik a perfect insulator when reverse biased. 7) A power diode is more complicated in structure and operational characteristics than the small signal diode. The forward bias characteristic of the power diode is approximately linear, which means that the voltage drop is proportional to the omic resistance and to the current. The rated currents of power diodes are thousands of amperes and the area of the pn junction may be tens of square centimeters. In the case of power diode, the additional n- layer exists between these two layers, which is termed as a drift region. This layer can be quitewide for the diode. The wide lightly doped
Mõtestatud tekst koosneb kas (a) loogika ja matemaatika formaalsetest väidetest või (b) konkreetsete teadusharude fakte esitavatest lausetest. Igasugusel fakti esitaval väitel on sisu ainult siis, kui on võimalik öelda, kuidas selle väite kehtivust kontrollida. Metafüüsilised väited, mis ei lange punktide 1 ja 2 alla, on sisutud. Kõik moraali, esteetikat ja religiooni käsitlevad väited on mittekontrollitavad ja mõttetud. 1945 Konrad Zuse began work on Plankalkul (plan Calculus). The first algorithmic programming language, with an aim of creating the theoretical preconditions for the formulation of problems of a general nature. John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC." Grace Hopper recorded the first actual computer "bug." 1946 In February, the public got its first glimpse of the ENIAC, a machine built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert that improved by 1,000 times on the speed of its contemporaries.
................................................................ 42 15 Developed Design Model ................................................................. 42 16 Complex Connection in 2D .............................................................. 43 17 Complex Connection Modeled in Tekla ........................................... 43 18 LPR’s 3D CAD Shore-to-Structure Interface ................................... 44 19 Total Station Surveying Target in the Field ..................................... 45 20 Modeled Targets on a Wide Flange Column .................................... 45 21 Duct Clashing With a Beam ............................................................. 46 22 Upper Level Shores .......................................................................... 48 23 Rigging for a Complex Lift Modeled in 3D ..................................... 49
received on floppy disk or downloaded on-line, using Inmarsat Satellite Connections and/or via a telephone line during port call. Manual update "professional" level (colors) user's charts (colors) Integrated Navtex information The Transas Navtex Manager facility is capable of: Automatic reading of messages arriving via NAVTEX and their processing; Extracting co-ordinates, area, transmitting station, topic and other parameters; Saving NAVTEX messages onto the hard disk and displaying the message mark on the electronic chart; Generating automatic alarms upon the entry in the area of note, received from the NAVTEX, or at the approach to a single message mark. Navtex Manager Navtex Manager is an application based on a link between the Navi-Sailor and the Navtex Receiver. Main functions 1. Constant automatic reception of NAVTEX
INTRODUCTION The following system consists of two Mitsubishi AL2 controllers that control two crossroads, a pedestrian crossing and a parking lot. The following implementation divides the task between the two, but keeps controller one the main one and controller two the secondary one. The system can work in two modes, automatic and manual, the latter of which can also work in two separate sub- modes that must be selected for each crosswalk individually. DESCRIPTION The control system consists of 2 Mitsubishi AL2 controllers. Each controller has: 8 buttons to navigate in the menu 1 display 3 switches used to change the mode 1 switch to turn controller on and off See the image below. The model consists of three streets Main Street, which, as the name suggests,
Also it has become easier to post some things to the feed. When listening something in Spotify, when enabled, the song information will be provided to Facebook and then everyone can see what others have listened to. Same goes to Instagram. When posting image or video (now also gallery), it can be automatically shared in Facebook feed. This kind of cross- platform sharing has defenitely made managing life in social media easier, but is it safe aswell? More link between applications could mean more weaks points. Collecting information Usually when users post something to social media they think that „thats it, this is the only thing i share and thats what somebody will get to know about me“. Wek, not quite. Information will not only be shared when that like button is pressed, it is shared constantly, everywhere, anytime, the moment user will create account and log in. Then the real magic begins
Three inputs NAND chip and scheme Scheme used four of the PROM chips and four three-input NAND gates (CS = chip select pins) Scheme to coonect 12 input pins MP address to four PROM 10 address pins == MEMR (Merory Read) 11. You are designing a multi-user interface that stores user preference data on external memory. You decided to use a PIC18F45K20 microcontroller and 24C02C EEPROM memory. Your microcontroller needs to generate a block wave that will act as a clock signal to synchronize data transfer to and from the memory. a) Choose a suitable clock frequency, based on the capabilities of the EEPROM module and the PIC. b) Assume the clock frequency of the PIC is 16 MHz and one instruction cycle lasts 4 clock periods. Further assume that one loop of your algorithm requires 4 instruction cycles. Determine the total delay time for completing a command cycle sent to EEPROM, assuming the clock in EEPROM is 100 kHz. == 11. a) Choose 0 – 400 kHz
TOPICS FOR SPEAKING CYLINDER FRAME The cylinder section of the engine consists of a number of cylinder blocks, which are tightened together with the engine frame and the bedplate by means of through- going stay bolts. Two central bores, one at the top and one halfway down inside the cylinder block, enclose the cylinder liner. The upper part of the cylinder block forms part of the cooling water space around the central part of the cylinder liner, whereas the lower part forms the scavenge air space. A central bore in the bottom of the cylinder block encloses the piston rod stuffing box. The bottom is double with a hollow
INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Supply chain management is typically viewed to lie between fully
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 litres (5.5 pints) Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 litres (13.9 pints) Ford Escort maintenance schedule The maintenance intervals in this manual are provided with the If the vehicle is driven in dusty areas, used to tow a trailer, or driven assumption that you, not the dealer, will be carrying out the work. These frequently at slow speeds (idling in traffic) or on short journeys, more are the minimum maintenance intervals recommended by the frequent maintenance intervals are recommended. manufacturer for vehicles driven daily. If you wish to keep your vehicle When the vehicle is new, it should be serviced by a factory-
VEEBIT EENUSED. KONT ROLLTÖÖ. SOA o A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern in computer software design in which application components provide services to other components via a communications protocol, typically over a network. The principles of service-orientation are independent of any vendor, product or technology. o Kasutab XMLi sõnumivahetuseks o Võimalus integreeride süsteeme Service-oriented architecture (SOA) Arhitektuur, mis kasutab – teenuseid organisatsiooni integrastiooni ehitusklotsidena – komponentide taaskasutust läbi nõrga seotuse. SOA: On arhitektuur Mingi hulga teenuste tegemine ei anna meile SOA-d.
international court of justice of the UN and the court has the jurisdiction to solve the dispute. Later other annexes and conventions were adopted. Additional conventions Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (London, 1 June 1972) Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (Canberra, 20 May 1980) Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (Wellington, 2 June 1988) Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid, 4 October 1991) Arctic isn't regulated in the same way because it's not a continent and the law of the sea applies there, it's easier that way. Home task situation in western sahara, recognition , international court of nation un. Read the case Rainbow warrior, know details, clearly Recognition of the States A political act by which one state acknowledges an act or status of another state or
As a consequence, the technology sat dormant until the early 1990s and was revitalized with the confluence of two technological developments: microcomputers and the Internet. Microcomputers permitted the generation of electronic text from a regular keyboard and the internet provided a universal platform to submit text for review (Shermis, Mzumara, Olson, & Harrington, 2001). Automated Essay Scoring 3 Automated essay scoring is a measurement technology in which computers evaluate written work (Shermis & Burstein, 2003). Most of the initial applications have been in English, but past work has been applied to Japanese (Kawate-Mierzejewska, 2003, March), Hebrew (Vantage Learning, 2001), and Bahasa Malay (Vantage Learning, 2002). Computers do not "understand" the written text being evaluated Unlike humans, a computer cannot interpret the play on words, and infer that the predicate in the answer (i.e., "ajar") is being cleverly used as a noun (i.e., "a jar").
Digital Signal Processing Summary and Vocabulary Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith. Read up to page 10, preface included. https://users.dimi.uniud.it/~antonio.dangelo/MMS/materials/Guide_to_Digital_ Signal_Process.pdf Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is a powerful technology that will shape science in the twenty-first century. Changes have already been made in various fields of study: communications, medical imaging, and high fidelity music reproduction, to name just a few. Each of these disciplines has developed a deep DSP technology, with its own algorithms and specialized techniques. This combination of breadth and depth makes it impossible for any one individual to master all of the DSP technology that has been developed
[vaata | 1. Füüsikaliste suuruste mõisted, definitsioonid ja ühikud muuda] Voolu töö ja võimsus. Joule-Lenzi seadus. Potentsiaal ja pinge. Elektriväli, suund ja tugevus. Voolu tugevus ja tihedus. Takistus, selle sõltuvus juhi mõõtmetest. Eritakistus. Laeng ja mahtuvus. Induktiivsus. Vooliuallika elektromotoorjõud, lühisvool ja sisetakistus. Voolu töö ja võimsus. Voolu töö on võrdeline voolutugevusega I, pingega U juhi otstel ja ajaga t. [ J ] Võimsus on ajaühikus tehtud töö. [ W ] A p= t Joule-Lenzi seadus. Joule-Lenzi seadus : elektrivoolu toimel juhis eralduv soojushulk Q on võrdeline voolutugevuse I ruuduga, juhi takistusega R ja voolu kestusega t ning kus voolu töö on võrdelin
and Tim Ferriss is the ideal ambassador. This will be huge." --Jack Can eld, cocreator of Chicken Soup for the Soul®, 100+ million copies sold "Stunning and amazing. From mini-retirements to outsourcing your life, it's all here. Whether you're a wage slave or a Fortune 500 CEO, this book will change your life!" --Phil Town, New York Times bestselling author of Rule #1 "The 4-Hour Workweek is a new way of solving a very old problem: just how can we work to live and prevent our lives from being all about work? A world of in nite options awaits those who would read this book and be inspired by it!" --Michael E. Gerber, founder and chairman of E-Myth Worldwide and the world's #1 small business guru "Timothy has packed more lives into his 29 years than Steve Jobs has in his 51." --Tom Foremski, journalist and publisher of SiliconValleyWatcher.com "If you want to live life on your own terms, this is your blueprint." --Mike Maples, cofounder
regulations applying to the products and equipment available in the market today. In particular the differences between the status of the various types of equipment and the differences between the various types of data offered to the users are unclear with respect to the regulations in place. This compendium of facts about chart carriage requirements has been compiled to serve as a reference frame to help resolve the uncertainties existing today. The compendium has been compiled by the Hydrographic Offices of: Denmark, Finland, France (SHOM), Germany, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The references and interpretation of the international regulations in this compendium and the actual implementation as shown in Annex VI have been verified by: • The Danish Maritime Administration;
spontaneously connected and orchestrated by business/technical processes (component-based software). •„Software entropy“should be maximized: loosely coupling between peers,decentralized information access, reflective approaches (Just-in-Time Integration). •Software must be e-enabled. Application Partioning •Solutions consist of collections of components. •Components are divided into multiple packages. •Packages can work with each other across a network through ObjectRequestBroker(ORB). •This application partitioning is transparent to the component developer. 3. COM Principles: Rigorous Encapsulation: - no leakage of implementation details; – All object manipulation through strict interfaces. Polymorphism: – via multiple interfaces per class; – “Discoverable”: Query Interface COM Model – how the techogy is used. COM ORB = COM Runtime – how is it implemented. COM is efficianet and scalable: 28 bytes headers; keep-alive messages
quantification of different sequence variants of the internal transcribed spacers of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis as an example. In addition to using conventional substitution analysis, we have developed a mathematical method, the proportion model method, to quantify the relative amounts of allelic variants of different length using data from direct sequencing of the heterogeneous amplicon. This method is based on determining the expected signal intensity values (corresponding to peak heights from the sequencing electropherogram) by sequencing clones from the same or highly similar amplicon and comparing hypothesized combinations against the values obtained by direct sequencing of the heterogeneous amplicon. This method allowed to differentiate between all specimens analysed.
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