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Synthesis of Ibuprofen (0)

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Synthesis  of 
Ibuprofen
Ingrid  Puusta
Historical/commercial
significance  
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
For reducing pain, inflammation and  fever
Patented in 1961 by the research arm of Boots 
company and led by  Stewart Adams 
Aim was to  find  safer product instead of Aspirin
Industrial   production  follows Boots ‘ synthesis 
procedure
Ibuprofen in  body
It acts on compounds called prostaglandins:
Physiologically  active  lipid compounds having  diverse  hormone 
Found  in almost every tissue in human
They are derived enzymatically from fatty acids
They bring out inflammatory response 
Ibuprofen’s  action  as a painkiller and fever-reducing compound 
is due to its  ability  to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins
It does this by interfering with the action of an enzyme 
called cyclooxygenase which catalyzes the conversion of a 
compound called arachidonic acid into prostaglandins
step Ibuprofen synthesis
First step: 
Nucleophilic addition –  Reduction  of the carbonyl 
group C=O by  sodium  tetrahydridoborate produces 
a secondary  alcohol  group  CHOH .
Second step: Sn1 nucleophilic substitution of the 
hydroxyl group
To  improve  reactivity of alcohols the leaving anion 
–OH is converted into H2O
CH ) C–OH +  HCl (37%)       (CH ) C–OH (+) Cl(–)       
3 3
3 3
2
(CH ) C(+) Cl(–) +  H O      (CH ) C–Cl +  H O   (S 1 )
3 3
2
3 3
2
N
Third step:
During  this step Grignard  reagent  is formed. 
Forth  step: 
The nucleophilic addition : carboxylic acid 
production
H-NMR
• Applied magnetic  field
With the magnetic field, the energy 
level is  lower
Against magnetic field, the energy 
level is  higher
Protons go up on energy level and 
once  they  come  down it is possible to 
see the energy admitted and  there  
will be  peak  on the spectrum
 Low magnetic field
High magnetic field
                                     0n  0n                                                               3n                        1n       6n         1n       1n 
Aldehyd                    Aromatics                                                       Halogens                                Single  C-H Bond
Carboxyl Group
To identify the  organic  product:
Number of H  types  (8  different  H types)
Splitting of peaks (try hat  method  to separate H 
types)
Number of neighbors
Shifts
C-NMR
Qualitative   analysis  
Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrograph
Mass spectrograph is used as the detector because 
it provides higher  knowledge  of the sample’s 
structure
IR- infrared spectrograph
It  shows  us all the  functional  groups for 
identification of the  subject
GC-MC spectrum
To interpret (1) and (5) we  look  at the spectrum 
and we  know  that peak with 206 MW is (5) and 
(1) is 176 MW. (small peaks around  the long 
peak are isotopes – different  amount  of neutrons 
but  same  amount of protons) 
IR
Infrared spectrograph  
In IR spectrum each functional group has a peak. 
Organic compounds absorb infrared radiation. 
Different types of bonds absorb infrared radiation 
at different characteristics frequencies,   
IR spectrum
2941 O-H ( and C-H strech) ; 1721 C=O ;  1421  O-H 
bend  ; 1269 C-O strech ; 945 O-H bend
Quantitative 
determination 
UV-VIS – 220 nm ( ultraviolet light) 
Molecules containing pi-electrons or non-bonding 
electrons can absorb the energy in the form of 
ultraviolet or  visible  light to excite  these  electrons 
to higher anti-bonding molecular orbitals. 
The more easily excited the electrons the longer 
the wavelength of light it can absorb. Ultraviolet 
(10-380 nm) or visible (380-780 nm).  
HPLC
HPLC – non -  polar  stationary phase and polar 
mobile phase are used for reveres phase for 
ibuprofen 
Quick 
Efficient 
High resolution
Accurate
Analyse  a  blood  sample 
containing Ibuprofen 
GC-MS can be used for the analysis the sample
Meclofenamic acid can be used as internal 
standard 
Sample must be dried under stream of nitrogen
Quantification
Experimental design
Alpha   value  0,05; 
SD 0,75; 
Difference  0,25; 
Power  0,08. 
Using JMP  program  12 was  given as sample  sizemeaning  
6 samples per  instrument .
To eliminate systematic errors randomization is applied for the 
samples. The  experiment  is expected to be completed in a day 
by one  person  
HPLC S4
UV-VIS S1
UV-VIS S3
HPLC S2
HPLC S3
HPLC S5
UV-VIS S5
HPLC S6
HPLC S1
UV-VIS S4
UV-VIS S2
UV-VIS S6
For comparing two  means , t-test [1] will be performed.  Before   making  t-test, 
F-test has to be made to make  sure  if the means have  equivalent  precisions. 
Depending of the  outcome  of F-test  following  t-test will be made 
Optimization
Another  synthesis procedure e.g. Boots’ synthesis 
procedure.
Increase the  speed  of forming Grignard formation, 
which minimizes coupling. For this use 
mechanically activated  magnesium
Decrease the  degree  of coupling by lowering 
temperature. 
To shorten the synthesis, it is possible to go from 
starting ketone directly to the chloride without 
isolating alcohol.

Document Outline

  • Slide 1
  • Historical/commercial significance
  • Ibuprofen in body
  • Slide 4
  • 4 step Ibuprofen synthesis
  • Slide 6
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • H-NMR
  • Slide 11
  • Slide 12
  • C-NMR
  • Qualitative analysis
  • GC-MC spectrum
  • Slide 16
  • IR
  • IR spectrum
  • Quantitative determination
  • HPLC
  • Analyse a blood sample containing Ibuprofen
  • Experimental design
  • Optimization
Vasakule Paremale
Synthesis of Ibuprofen #1 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #2 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #3 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #4 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #5 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #6 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #7 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #8 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #9 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #10 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #11 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #12 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #13 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #14 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #15 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #16 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #17 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #18 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #19 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #20 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #21 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #22 Synthesis of Ibuprofen #23
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Ibuprofen synthesis

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