come coming final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) (but: agree agreeing ) after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit sitting l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel travelling final ie becomes y lie lying Use of Past Progressive · puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past Example: He was playing football. · two actions happening at the same time (in the past) Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes. · action going on at a certain time in the past Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang. Signal Words of Past Progressive · when, while, as long as...
Past Continuous ( Progressive ) -ing vorm Kestev minevik PR talk talking play playing Kestev minevik väljendab tegevust, · Kui sõna lõpeb e- ga mis oli toimumas mingil kindlal ajal Come coming minevikus. Take taking Moodustamine : · Kui sõna lõpeb t- ga "be" minevikus + põhitehusõna / was; were / -ing vorm Sit sitting Put putting JAATAV · Kui sõna lõpeb ie- ga (ma olin töötamas) Lie lying I was working - ma töötasin Die dying You were working - sa töötasid She/he/it was working - ta/ see töötas We were working - me töötasime Present Continuous (Progressive) You were workin...
2 The spelling of endings in the Past Simple ............................ 3 When to use the Past Simple ................................................ 3 Past Continuous .................................................................. 4 When to use the Past Continuous......................................... 4 Used to & would................................................................... 5 Unfulfilled past events.......................................................... 5 Past Simple Regular Past Simple forms end in -ed. I worked he danced we apologized Some verbs have an irregular past form. I left he wrote The Past Simple is the same in all persons except in the past tense...
2 When to use the Past Perfect Simple ..................................... 2 Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) ................................... 3 When to use the Past Perfect Continuous.............................. 3 Comparison of the use of different past tenses ...................... 4 Past Perfect Simple The Past Perfect is had + a past participle. It is the same in all persons. I had worked he had gone Negative I had not slept/hadn’t slept Question Had he studied? When to use the Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect tenses in general refer to: An event in the past which happened before another event in the past, where there is no time expression to make this clear. By the t...
Things in general. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Things that happen all the time or repeatedly. She usually goes away at weekends. 3. Laws of nature (things that are true in general). The sun rises in the east. 4. Timetable events. The train leaves at 6.50 p.m. Negative form: I don't (do not) normally eat my lunch here. He doesn't (does not) like this film at all. Question form: Do you live here? How often does it rain around here? Signal words: always, every day/month, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually etc. PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE (kestev olevik) Form: am/is/are + ing Use: 1. Unfinished actions happening at or around the time of speaking. Listen! Somebody is crying. They are building a new bridge in our town...
) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …) • Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, … • 2pv; ?/- DID + 1pv Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 • NB! Harjuta Past Simple ja Present Perfect erinevusi siin: http://prperf-spast.weebly.com Past Progressive • Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev tegevus: S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when you CAME. He WAS already SLEEPing when Odie CAME. • Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they WERE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They WERE GROWing tomatoes instead. • “WHILE” – “sel ajal kui” The guests ARRIVED while we WERE still COOKing the meal. • BE (was/were) + 1pv-ing Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009...
S/he didn't WORK last Monday. · Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I'm not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You're back ...) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You're not back yet or you travel regularly ...) · Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, ... · 2pv; ?/- DID + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Past Progressive · Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev tegevus: S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when you CAME. He WAS already SLEEPing when Odie CAME. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they WERE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They WERE GROWing tomatoes instead. · "WHILE" "sel ajal kui" The guests ARRIVED while we WERE still COOKing the meal. · BE (was/were) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008...
temporary condition, an moment, nowadays, these days. arranged action in the near Look! Listen! future. 5. Past Progressive Kestev minevik Was, were + I ajavorm + -ing Was, wasn't, were, weren't An ongoing activity in the past, At 7 yesterday, when (she background descriptions. came home), while, as. 6.a...
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVES am/is/are + verbi III vorm PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE was/were + verbi III põhivõrm FUTURE SIMPLE PASSICE will + be + verbi III põhivorm PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE has/have + been + verbi II põhivorm PAST PERFECT PASSIVE had + been + verbi III põhivorm PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE am/is/are + being + verbi III põhivorm PAST PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE was/were + being + verbi III põhivorm ...
Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language: Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them...
Õppeaasta Ajavorm Tähendus Vormid Abisõnad Present Continuous Kestev olevik am Look! Listen! Now! At (Present Progressive ) BE is +ING the moment. At the are present. Present Simple Üldolevik He, she, it + S Always, usually (Indefinite) They, we, you, I (s) Sometimes, every ?does (he, she, it) (s) often Do (they, we, you, I) (s) Past Simple Lihtminevik II pv/ -ed Last, yesterday, ago ?Did + I pv (ed) In 1950 -Didn´t +I pv (ed) P...
2 17101850.............................................................................................................................. 3 Population and social structure........................................................................................ 4 Serfdom and the intensifying manorial economy ............................................................. 4 Influences of Pietism and the Moravian Brethren............................................................. 5 Enlightenment and enlightened absolutism...................................................................... 6 18501918...
English Grammar - The most common tenses in English Signal Example Tense Use Form words s something happens repeatedly how often something happens every one action day follows sometim another es I work always infinitive Present things in he/she/it he works often Simple general + s I go usually he goes seldom...
The Future Simple Passive in the Past would be + III pv Examples: I would be watched. A book would be read. Marks would be given. The Present Progressive Passive am is + being + III pv are Examples: I am being watched. A book is being read. Marks are being given. The Past Progressive Passive was were + being + III pv Examples: I was being watched. A book was being read. Marks were being given. The Present Perfect Passive have has been + III pv Examples: I have been watched. A book has been read. Marks have been given. The Past Perfect Passive had been + III pv Examples: I had been watched....
Marks were given. · The Future Simple Passive will be + III pv Examples: I will be watched. A book will be read. Marks will be given. · The Future Simple Passive in the Past would be + III pv Examples: I would be watched. A book would be read. Marks would be given. · The Present Progressive Passive am is + being + III pv are Examples: I am being watched. A book is being read. Marks are being given. · The Past Progressive Passive was were + being + III pv Examples: I was being watched. A book was being read. Marks were being given. · The Present Perfect Passive have has been + III pv Examples: I have been watched. A book has been read. Marks have been given. · The Past Perfect Passive had been + III pv Examples: I had been watched. A book had been read. Marks had been given. · The Future Perfect Passive will have been + III pv Examples: I will have been watched....
REPORTED SPEECH 2. Kui saatelause verb on oleviku aegades, siis ei muutu kaudse kõne verbi aeg. Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, toimub väit- ja küsilausetes aegade nihe: Prsent Simple Past Simple Present Progressive Past Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Past Simple Past Perfect Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Past Perfect jääb muutmata Past Perfect Progressive jääb muutmata Future Simple Future in the Past 3. Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, asendatakse kaudses kõnes mõned lähedust väljendavad sõnad kaugust väljendavate sõnadega: This that These those Here there Now then Ago before Today that day Tomorrow the next day...
(He said that he would be there) THE PRESENT Am / Is / Are + ing Tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Now, at PROGRESSIVE vorm the moment, at present Kestev olevik THE PAST PROGRESSIVE Was / Were + ing Tegevus kestis teatud hetkel minevikus. Kestev minevik Vorm when I came, at 6 yesterday, while THE PRESENT PERFECT Have / has + III pv. Tegevus on toimunud enne praegust hetke. Täisminevik Today, this week, this year, already, yet. THE PAST PERFECT Had + III pv. Tegevus oli toimunud enne teatud hetke Enneminevik minevikus...
Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect Continuous Present Tegusõna algvorm be + -ing have/has + 3.v have/has been + -ing I work. He works. I am working. I have worked. I have been working. Past 2.v was/were + -ing had + 3.v had been + -ing I worked. I was working. I had worked. I had been working. Future will + 1.v will be + -ing will have + 3.v will have been + -ing I will work. I will be working. I will have worked. I will have been working. Future in the Past would + 1.v would be + -ing would have + 3.v...
v Simple Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day. Past Simple 2.v was/were + 3.v Somebody built this house in 1895. This house was built in 1895. Future Simple will/shall + 1.v will/shall + be + 3.v People will forget this soon. This will be forgotten soon. Present be + -ing be + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody is cleaning the room right now. The room is being cleaned right now. Past was/were + -ing was/were + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody was cleaning the room when I The room was being cleaned when I...
tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words always, every ..., action in the present Simple Present A: He speaks. never, normally, N: He does not speak. taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I facts (If I talk, ...)...