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Passive voice (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid
PASSIVE   VOICE
Active :     S + V + O
Passive:   S + Be + PP(V3 ) + by + O
ed
                    ( tense )
EX: My  father  planted this tree last  year .
This tree was planted by my father 
last year.
TABLE OF  ENGLISH   TENSES  
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The  Simple   Present  Tense
Active:   S + V(s/es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads  books  every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Present Continuous Tense
Active:   S + am/is/are + V­ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O
EX: He is writing a  novel  at the moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Present  Perfect  Tense
Active:   S + Has/Have + V3  + O
ed
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O
EX: He has just  finished  a novel.
A novel has just been finished (by 
him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Simple Past Tense
Active:   S + V2  + O
ed
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book wagiven  to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Past Continuous Tense
Active:   S + was/were + V­ing + O
Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O
EX: He was writing a  letter  at 8.00  yesterday .
A letter was being written (by him).
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Past Perfect Tense
Active:   S + had + V3  + O
ed
Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O
EX: He had finished his  homework   before  
8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by 
him) before 8.00 yesterday.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Simple Future Tense
Active:   S + will/ shall  + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished. 
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Future Continuous Tense
Active:   S + will/shall + be + V­ing + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O
EX: Tom will be cooking  lunch  at 10.00 
tomorrow .
Lunch will be being cooked by Tom 
at 10.00 tomorrow.
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
 The Future Perfect Tense
Active:  S + will/shall + have + V3  + O
ed
Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O
EX: By the end of next week, he will have 
written 10  letters  to her.
 By the end of next week, 10 letters will have 
been written to her.
MODAL  VERBS (MV) IN 
PASSIVE VOICE
Modal Verbs can be used in either the present 
or past  forms .
Active: S + MV (not) + V + O
Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O
EX: We can’t solve this problem.
This problem can’t be solved.
PASSIVE VOICE WITH 
CAUSATIVE FORM
Active:   S + Has/Have + O + V (BI)+ O

2
S + Get + O + V (to­ infinitive ) + O
         

2
Passive:   S + Has/Have/Get + O  + PP
2
EX: My father had Tom  wash  his car.
My father had his car washed by Tom
OTHER  INFINITIVE 
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE 
VOICE
Verbs of  liking /loving/wanting/wishing +  Object  
+ infinitive form their passive with the passive 
infinitive.
Active: S + V + O  + to­infinitive + O
1
2
Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP
EX: He wants  someone  to take photographs.
     He wants photographs to be taken.
Such  verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ 
observe” are used in the  following  passive 
structure:
Active:   S + V + O + V (BI)
Passive: S +  To Be + PP + to­Infinitive
EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity.
Note: The  verb  following “let” does not  bear  “to” in 
the passive sentence.
OTHER INFINITIVE 
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE 
VOICE
With advise/beg/ order /recommend/ urge  + Indirect 
Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two  ways  of 
making the passive voice.
Active: S + V + O  + to­infinitive + O
1
2
       Passive: S + To Be + PP + to­infinitive + O2
 EX: He  urged  the  Council  to reduce the tax.
The Council was urged to reduce the tax.                  
   
OTHER INFINITIVE 
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE 
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect 
Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of 
making the passive voice.
Active: S + V + O  + to­infinitive + O
1
2
       Passive: S  + V + that + S + should be + PP
1

 EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
He urged that the tax should be reduced.                  
   
OTHER INFINITIVE 
COMBINATIONS AFTER THE 
PASSIVE VERB
After acknowledge/assume/believe/ claim /
consider /estimate/feel/ find /know/ report /
say/think /understand …, we use the 
infinitive construction.
Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive 
passive is the  same  as that of the main 
active verb.
Active: S  + V  + that + S  + V  + (O)
1
1
2
2
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S  + V  + 
2
2
(O)
 EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
It was said that he was jealous of her.
Active: S  + V  + that + S  + V  + (O)
1
1
2
2
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)
 EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
He was said to be jealous of her.
 Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive 
passive is earlier than that of the main active verb.
Active: S  + V  + that + S  + V  + (O)
1
1
2
2
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S  + V  + (O)
2
2
 EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
It is said that he was jealous of her.
Active: S  + V  + that + S  + V  + (O)
1
1
2
2
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O)
 EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
He is said to have been jealous of her.
OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
With advise/insist/propose/recommend
/suggest + Gerund + Object 
Active: S + V + V­ing + O
   Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP
 
  EX: He recommended using bullet­proof glass.
      He recommended that bullet­proof glass 
should be used.                     
OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS 
IN PASSIVE VOICE
Active: S + V + O + V­ing
   Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
  EX: I remembered my father taking me to the 
zoo.
      I  remember  being taken to the zoo by my 
father.                     
Active: S + V + To­inf + O
   Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O
  EX: She  started   to learn English 5  years  ago.
English started to be learnt 5 years ago.  
Active: S + V + V­ing + O
   Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: She started  learning English 5 years ago.
English started being learnt 5 years ago.                   

Document Outline

  • PASSIVE VOICE
  • TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE
  • Slide 3
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Slide 6
  • Slide 7
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Slide 10
  • MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE
  • PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM
  • OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE
  • Slide 14
  • Slide 15
  • Slide 16
  • OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE PASSIVE VERB
  • Slide 18
  • Slide 19
  • Slide 20
  • Slide 21
  • OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE
  • Slide 23
  • Slide 24
Vasakule Paremale
Passive voice- #1 Passive voice- #2 Passive voice- #3 Passive voice- #4 Passive voice- #5 Passive voice- #6 Passive voice- #7 Passive voice- #8 Passive voice- #9 Passive voice- #10 Passive voice- #11 Passive voice- #12 Passive voice- #13 Passive voice- #14 Passive voice- #15 Passive voice- #16 Passive voice- #17 Passive voice- #18 Passive voice- #19 Passive voice- #20 Passive voice- #21 Passive voice- #22 Passive voice- #23 Passive voice- #24
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