Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs,
endiltteisele. Viimane lõik moodustab kokkuvõtte ja peaks esimeseslauses võtma eelpoolt oodud arutluse kokku ning seejärel lisamasellest tuleneva lõpumärkuse. · Expressing opinions Introduction State the topic and your own opinion clearly without using too many personal opinion words Main body (para. 2 - 4) Give the first, second and third argument and examples or reasons to support your opinion Conclusion Re-state your opinion, using different words Useful language To list points firstly, in the first place, first of all, to start with, secondly, thirdly, finally, last but not least To add more points to the same topic what is more, furthermore, also, apart from this, in addition to, moreover, besides, too, not to mention the fact that, another major reason To introduce conflicting viewpoints a lot of people believe/think, many people are
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets TYPES OF LETTERS 1) Asking for advice I am writing to ask if you could help me with … I am writing to ask for your advice … Closing line: I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible. I look forward to receiving your advice … 2) Giving advice
Writing a formal letter in English An example of a task: You are trying to find accommodation for yourself in London while studying at a college there. You have the task of writing to Mr Sabir Siddique who has put the following advertisement in the newspaper. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write your letter to Mr. Siddique. Write a letter of 120 words. Do not write any addrsses. Flat to let Finsbury Park how far from central London? 10 minutes from Manor House tube Self-contained ground floor flat big enough for two? Bedroom, living room, study room Fully furnished what furniture? 90 pounds per week any extras to pay like electricity? Ideal for student 36 Stewart Street does it have a phone? available how soon? London N4 2PP 0181 809 7985
Dear Sir/Madam (,) ----- Yours faithfully (,) (no name) Dear Ms/Mr Smith (,) ---- Yours sincerely (,) (w/ name) Layout My address Name Receiver’s name Address Salutation ( Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss) Introduction: WHY I am writing Main body of the letter: WHAT I want to say ONE thing at a time; explain Conclusion: Solution, polite closure, reference for future meeting etc. Sign off (Yours faithfully, yours sincerely) Name Letter of Complaint 1. Salutation 2. Reasons for writing I am writing to complain about a kettle … 3. Complaint with justification / explanation I was disappointed with the quality of the kettle that I bought at your store two days ago.
These letters are often written in response to an advertisement. 1. What is the intended purpose of the inquiry that I intend to write? 2. Who is the intended recipient? 3. How can I let my recipient know that I am seriously interested in their product/service/job offer? General Rules to Follow: Be polite. Be clear and organized about what you want/need to know. Express thankfulness for time and effort. The K.I.S.S. principle keep it short and simple SAMPLE LETTER Dear Ms Smith I am writing in response to your advertisement to enquire about the pub and restaurant placement in England. /I am writing to enquire about the pub and restaurant placement in England, as advertised by you. To start with, where in England/in which area of England is the workplace located? Could you also tell me which positions are available/you are seeking to fill, and how long a workday/how many hours a shift would be
(friends, relatives) ect.. official position or to people u dont know well An informal greeting (Dear Formal greetings (Dear Mr and Formal greetings: Dear Sir/Madam-when u dont know the Lucy, Uncle Bill,Mum) Mrs Jones, ) name. Friendly, relaxed style (How Informal endings (Best wishes, Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms- when u know name. + full name ) For example_:(the item in question,
Writing tasks Formal letters 120 words I Tegemist on ametliku kirjastiiliga ja lühivormid (don't, can't, I'm etc.)on keelatud! Kaotate kohe punkte II * Dear Mr. Smith (ja eesnime ei tohi kirjutada!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp Yours sincerely ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi Enda nime ei tohi mitte mingil juhul kirjutada!!!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Kirjade tüübid: 1) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb kelleltki nõu küsida, siis alustage: I am writing to ask if you could help me with... I am writing to ask for your advice... Ja lõpetage I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible või I look forward to receiving your advice...
She also loves listening to rock music, which is what we bonded over. Also, she is a great artist if she has the time and patience. Her over analyzing makes her a slow drawer. I love Kati with all my heart. She is the best friend anyone could ever have. Whenever I need her I can call her and she's there for me. Although she might want to portrait a pessimistic person, all her advice is always very positive. I know she will be a great teacher one day. 4. Letter to a friend Dear Helena, I am writing to you, because you asked about my favourite TV-programme and I'm very happy to reply. The programme I'm most fond of is Supernatural. It's a Canadian based American TV-show. It's pretty amazing as it's about to start it's 9th season. I love it because it used to be very scary and now as I have grown older, so has the show. The show is about two brothers who drive around the continental USA. They hunt supernatural
How can I apologise enough for .... , etc. Making amends: Please allow me to offer/ suggest .... As compensation (for) ... I insist on + ing form to make up your inconvenience/ loss, etc. Closing remarks: Once again, sincerest apologies for/ I hope you will accept my apologies/ I hope my apologies will be/ are accepted, etc. I hople you will forgive/overlook this regrettable error. THANK YOU LETTER Opening remarks:I am writing to thank you for.../ I am very grateful to you for .. Giving reasons for your positive experience:I am pleased that .../ One of the best things.../It has helped me a great deal Closing remarks: Once again, many thanks... NB! Thank twice! LETTER OF APPLICATION Opening remarks: I am writing to apply for the position /post of .... as advertised in..../ I am writing with reference to your advertisement, which I saw ...
Writing letters Formal letters institutions, strangers Semi-formal letters - acquaintances Informal letters friends, family Layout Always in paragraphs A paragraph starts with a space, which is as wide as your finger No empty rows Block style in the content of the letter Greeting and farewell on the left side The greeting and farewell have the same style Dear..................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ......................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ...............
months. Finally, during video lessons, some of us find it difficult to see screen properly. There are number of changes that could be made in order to improve the situation. To begin with, I would strongly suggest that the number of students per class kept to below ten. In this way... To sump up, while most of us are satisfied with the conditions, I feel that above improvements would make things even better. If these suggestions were carried out... Complaint Dear Sir I am writing to complain about the holiday apartment I rented from you on 15th of August. I believe your advertisement was misleading in a number of ways. Firstly, the apartment was by no means spacious. The rooms were cramped and there was very little storage space. Also, the distance from the beach was ten times farther than you claimed. Furthermore, the balcony railing was broken. This was quite dangerous and could have caused an accident
I would be happy to attend an interview at your convenience I can be contacted at the above address or by telephone on (103 24775) Please feel free to contact me should you require any further information Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions I would be grateful if you would consider my application I look forward to hearing from you. Dear Sir or Madam Dear Mr / Ms / Mrs Jones Yours faithfully Yours sincerely Sample letters at : http://www.learnenglishindublin.com/daily_blog/uncategorized/how-to-write-a- successful-application-letter/ http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/odo/application_letter1.pdf http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/odo/practical%20writing/applicationletter2.pdf
Motivation letter (Also called a „statement of purpose“ or „personal essay.“ 1st paragraph – a reason of writing, include a position you are applying for and where you heard about it. Expressions: Dear Sir/Madam; ending – Yours faithfully, your name. Dear Mr. Black; ending – Yours sincerely, your name. To whom it may concern; ending – Yours sincerely, your name. I came familiar with this advertisement in the newspaper, Internet, etc. I would like to apply for the (catering job) in your company. My interest in the (sales business) dates back to my childhood. There are several reasons why I decided to apply for the position: 1st, 2nd, ... . I am highly aware of the superb repurtation of your company. I am looking for a professional practice abroad.
........................................................................................................................................ 3 Formal letter ..................................................................................................................................
the author analyses .... and ......". You should use quotation marks when you take some author's ideas, but your own comment should be without quotation marks. THE MECHANICS: · font size 12 · lines double spaced · Times New Roman · margins (one left side margin should be 3cm, all other (up, down, and right) 1.5 cm) · the page number should be in the right hind corner (upside) NB! It should be within those 1.5 cm no special space. And no "p." letter! · on the right side the text should be justified · title page is not numbered but it counts as a page, so the next page is number 2 · use only white paper (not yellow, blue, or pink) · the title page: on the top should be : Tallinn Pedagogical University, the second line: Department of English. In the middle: write your title without quotation marks, and below in the middle write Term Paper. Then a little below write: by Xzzz Xzzzz, and below of that write:
.. I must apologize profusely for ..., sorry if I upset you in any way. I find it very etc. hard to tell you that ...and I am sorry for... I can't describe how sorry I am and how guilty I feel, etc. Closing I hope you can forgive me... I implore I hope you believe me when I say how sorry I remarks you to accept my apologies... Words am. I cannot express how much I regret... I cannot express how sorry I am. I hope beg you to forgive me for... There is no excuse you will accept my apologies. I hope for ... and I hope you'll accept my apology, etc. my apologies were received without resentment, etc. Letters of complaint Strong Mild
Writing letters Main rules !!!Always write something on the "Subject" line (university emails: e.g. name or code of the course, then issue, topic etc) If the matter is urgent, you may write so on the "Subject" line Start and end your email properly (also making sure the other person knows who you are) "you" is spelled with a capital letter only at the beginning of a sentence, NEVER in the middle In official emails do not abbreviate (e.g., "I am" instead of "I'm", "do not" instead of "don't", "cannot" instead of "can't" etc). Also, do not use colloquial expressions such as "fyi" etc. Pay attention to punctuation and spelling use spell check. Specifics beginning a letter If you don't know the name of the recipient: Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern, If you know the name of the recipient:
January 17, 2014 Dear Sir/Madam I am writing to complain about the computer I bought at your store last week. When I tried to turn the computer on at home, it did not work. The screen was black and the computer made an odd noise. I performed in the manner as the user manual wrote. Since the computer was guaranteed for 2 years, I took it back to your store but the shop assistant did not help me. She was impolite and arrogant and she said that she could do nothing. I am most disappointed and require my money back or a new product
22 Walls Street 233 32 Rae Street 534262 BA, Enschede 2233999, Tallinn The Netherlands Estonia Dear Sir/Madam, 22 May 2013 I am writing to you in order to complain about the extraordinary opening hours of your National Museum of Physic Art. There were several aspects that I was sincerely dissatisfied with, and I hope that in the nearest future you will take steps to eliminate these faults. To begin with, I arrived at your museum at exactly 11.12, yet the ticket office was still closed even though according to the advertisement every door should have been opened by 11 o'clock. However, when I started to look for another gate or entrance,
action. Even in the modern era, man has been found to observe the same behavioral patterns. Some years ago, TB and cancer were regarded as incurable diseases, man conducted massive research on them and finally came up with effective solutions. Whether it is the old age or modern era, man has been found too efficient to satisfy his needs and has set numerous examples of it. No matter whether it was a political issue, scientific concern, or even day-to-day chores of life man has reacted in a flexible mood to create a way for himself whenever he realized his needs. Unsurprisingly, he has been successful in achieving an alternative source for his need each time as wherever there is a will, there is a way. Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in the hope that you can help me with a problem regarding a camera that I have bought recently.
A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly. THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts. If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident), describe them in chronological order. It should NOT be written like a letter! NO salutation/sign-off. Impersonal style (PASSIVE!), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc. You can use the following format at the beginning of the report: To: From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine) Subject: Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%) Introduction: Aim of the report
Chapter 21 Chapter 42 Chapter 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr. Bennet made no answer. "Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently. "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it." This was invitation enough. "Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs
Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening! 'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone:
LETTER OF COMPLAINT Dear Mr Manager, I am writing to complain about the coffee set I bought from your shop two days ago. You have a really wide choice of beautiful coffee cups and sets. All your personnel was very competent and helpful. So I chose a lovely set. I was recommended to deliver the purchase to my house. I got the delivery in time, but then the trouble started. I started unwrapping the set and to my horror I discovered that two of the saucers were broken.
be replenished. Concerns for the environment have prompted the formation of green parties, political parties that seek to address environmental issues. Initially these were formed in Australia, New Zealand and Germany but are now present in many other countries. By raising awareness about these issues, we can help contribute to a more environmentally conscious and friendly place for us to live. ADDITIONAL TASKS 1. Translate the italicized prepositional expressions and bold words in the text. Make sure that your translation is appropriate! 2. Make derivations from the following words, using prefixes and suffixes and translate each word: DERIVE, POLLUTE, CONSUME, DESTROY, CREATE. 3. Bring out some facts about the Estonian Green Party. PLASTIC POLLUTION As the world’s population continues to grow, so does the amount of garbage that people produce.
statement is indeed a very bad essay. Start with describing your thesis statement in detail, then go on to provide evidence supporting the claim made in your thesis. Describe how your perception and behavior was changed by what you are writing about and how it influenced you. While writing the first draft, you do not need to worry about the order you'll be providing the evidence in: just make sure you know what you'll be writing about. Conclusion: Finally, the closing paragraph of your essay is known as the conclusion. The conclusion of your essay provides a link between the thesis statement and the body. Keep in mind that you should never summarize your essay in your conclusion; try to introduce a new idea in the conclusion an idea that will leave your readers thinking. How to decide what to write in the conclusion? 5
Essay 200 (+/- 10%) words The text consists of 4-5 paragraphs discussing a specified topic. Usually the task contains points you have to discuss. Make sure they are all covered! Keep in mind! Formal language – no slang, so contracted forms, colloquialisms, try to avoid repetition of words. Indented lines! Clear paragraphs with one central idea. Avoid strong feelings 8everybody hates... it is absurd to believe...) and strong personal expressions Use generalization (children assume…), but do not use overgeneralizations (all children assume…) At least 2 linking words per paragraph (separate them from the rest of the sentence by commas!) that show the connection between paragraphs. Make references to other sources (Police officials believe that…)
publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections--as well as the standard patterns of English sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of
STYLE AND STYLISTICS FGI 1081 Stylistics (I. Ladusseva) 2 The term "style" is polysemantic (has many meanings): a Latin word "stilus" originally meant a writing instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latin the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. The precise definition was given by Jonathan Swift, who defined style as "proper words in proper places". In present day English the word "style" is used in about a dozen of principle meanings: 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron). 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period (e.g. symbolism, romanticism, renaissance). 3. the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4
ample opportunity to explain the deterioration in the quality of Autocheck's services. However, he has failed to reply to our letters (copies of these are attached) and whenever one of our representatives attempts to contact him, either personally or by telephone, he is always unavailable. In view of this, it is recommended that the contract with AMC should be examined and that the legal department should be asked what action can be taken against them. Discussion 1 You will probably notice quickly the first two changes that the secretary made. 1 Subject Heading By adding the word deterioration at the beginning of the subject heading, she made it a much more precise and accurate summary of the topic of the report. 2 Organization of Information The way the information in Text 1 was organized was not very logical: The writer told us about the inspections which were made by MCC mechanics before he
you are writing too much. Organizing a Design Report Page 1 of 9 A friend comes to you with a problem. “I haven’t been sleeping at night,” he says. You decide to help out. Upon further study you find that he hasn’t slept on a box spring for three months, has a persistent backache and has been on a 90-ounces-of-coffee-a-day diet since his last heat transfer midterm. Committed to your friend’s well-being, you take the appropriate action. You find a box-spring on Craigslist for free. You suggest the use of caffeine-free tea after 6 pm and recommend that he play Bach softly as he falls asleep to drown out the sound of late-night buses. Your friend thanks you for the best night’s sleep he’s had in a while. Word spreads and it isn’t long before someone comes to you and says, “A friend of mine is having trouble sleeping at night.” What do you tell them? Do you say, “Easy, get a box spring and play Bach!
· Support writing with reading. 2. the article: Planning a Writing Lesson Writing skills have to be taught. Teaching writing is not just about grammar or spelling etc. Learners need to be aware of and use the conventions of the genre in the new language. · What is genre? Pieces of writing of the same genre share some features, in terms of layout, level of formality, and language. These features are more fixed in formal genre, for example letters of complaint and essays, than in more 'creative' writing, such as poems or descriptions. The more formal genre often feature in exams, and may also be relevant to learners' present or future 'real-world' needs, such as university study or business. · Stages of a writing lesson. o Generating ideas o Focusing ideas o Focus on a model text o Organising ideas o Writing
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