11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts..
g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal rules of social and moral behaviour); rules we accept if we belong to a particular institution (religion, organization); laws imposed on people by a government Penalties for breaking the rules are different. For not following the customs there may not be a punishment, or a person may be criticized by the society; rules of a social institution tend to carry precise penalties but they are not enforceable by any political authority; however governments use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce the laws they have made. The relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these rules. One of the ways to classify laws is to separate them into prescriprive and descriptive law.
ability to participate in making decisions that affect them civil war (kodusõda) - (armed) conflict between politicalfactions or religions within same county industrialization (industrialiseerimine) - a large-scale introduction of manufacturing occupation (okupatsioon) - permanent trade, profession, empouement, bussiness or means of livelihood or possession of real property or use of a thing court ruling (kohtumäärtus) - a decision made by court precendent (pretsedent) - judicial decision that serves as an authority for deciding a later (similar) case equity (õiglus) - system of jurisprudence founded on principals of natural justice and fair conduct to appeal (edasi kaebama) - application or proceeding for review by higher court to change precious decision to solve a dispute (konflikti lahendama) - finding a solution to a conflict to force someone (kedagi sundima) - making someone act in some way against their own will
PIL regulates relations between states. Thats why PIL is important for international relation students. PIL influences the life of everybody, it doesn't regulate people directly but indirectly (through the decisions of the states), because it's everywhere. It's like air. E.g. when you want to send a letter to Brazil, you put a stamp from your own country and send it from your post office and the letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they have to be in accordance with each other, the states can always specify these regulations. Therefore, PIL regulates people indirectly.
1. Can the PB&R company successfully claim any violation of the EU law related rights? Examination 1. Can we say that an animal (a dog) is a good? – Yes. According to Article 13 TFEU dogs do belong to a “goods” category so as it is described in CJEU case law that a good is a product which can be valued in money and which is capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions. Therefore PB&R company and its business is selling dogs, or shall I say goods not just on a local fields, but the movement of goods is linked to abroad EU countries by making a profit of it I shall conclude that it involves a “movement of goods within the EU Member States” (Articles 26 and 37). 2
non-contentious responsible for to decide whether preferred term for a matters usually assuring the law is or not to instigate practising lawyer in concerned with followed and carried (põhjustama, certain jurisdictions estates, deeds, powers- out in every case. kaasa tooma) legal of-attorney, and Judges also read proceedings foreign and through court to appear in court international business. documents and may A notary's main research legal issues. functions are to administer oaths and affirmations, take affidavits and statutory
EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. At the moment there are 28 member states in the EU. To become a member, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning marketeconomy; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. No member state has ever left the Union. After 1952, there have been 7 enlargements: 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004 (including Estonia), 2007, 2013.
html, by Mariusz Maciejewsk, 12/2016 6 R. Barents "Charges have an Equivalent effect on Customs Duties" (1978) 15CNL rev 415 7 - Paul Craig, Gráinne de Búrca, EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials, p.613, 617, 618, 2015 8 - http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61968CJ0024 6 Model of Integration situated, they shall enjoy the same treatment. 1 Theory of Comparative Q Within this area there is all factors of production can move 7 Advantage freely. Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Q K H D C A O G I J P E N L B F M HOL_6012 EU Internal Market Group Work 2: EU Internal Market and Free Movement of Goods (Ch
inhabitant each. Many writers have estimated the total number killed to have been in the millions. Women made up some 85 percent of Athose executed old women, young women and children. In locale and timing, the most virulent witch hunts were associated with periods of great social upheaval shaking feodalism at its roots mass peasent uprising and conspiracies, the beginnings of capitalism, and the rise of Protestantism. There is fragmentary evidence which feminists ought to follorw up suggesting that in some areas witchcraft represented a female-led peasant rebellion. The history of the witches was recorded by the elite, so that today we know the witch only through the eyes of her persecutor. Two of the most common theories of the witch hunts are basically medical interpretations, attributing the the witch witch craze to unexplainable outbreaks of mass hysteria. One version has it
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks
(Verplaetse, 2008). Since 9/11 and the following fight against terrorism it became clear that the Bush administration thought of torture as something justifiable while it goes against all possible agreed upon treaties and conventions. One could indeed possibly think of situations that could serve as an exception to the prohibition of torture but these hypothetical situations can hardly relate to real situations. The ticking bomb argument looks at the hypothetical case where a leader of a state is asked to give their permission to torture a captured rebel leader because he (probably) knows the locations of a few explosives that are spread around the city in different apartment buildings. In case they are not found within 24 hours, they will explode and many will be left dead (Walzer, 1973). Is it justified to torture this person to find out where the bomb is? This essay will look in to how it has according to the thinkers in the strand of
behaviour 30. oht ühiskonna heaolule ja korrale danger to the well-being and order of society 31. leidma süüdi olevat (milleski) find guilty of (a crime) 32. riigivastane süütegu offence against the state 33. rahatrahv fine 34. vangistus imprisonment 35. juriidilised kohustused legal obligations 36. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) settle disputes in a court of law 37. kinnisvara võõrandama transfer real estate 38. testamenti tegema make a will 39. äriühingut asutama set up/ establish/ found/ form/ start a company 40. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega risk making transactions 41. õigusnõustamist taotlema seek legal advice 42. tavalised inimesed ordinary people 43. juriidilisi vahendeid kasutama use legal means 44
1.Common law A common law legal system is a system of law characterized by case law which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals a common law system is based on legal precedents. The roots of the common law legal systems can be traced back to the first common law system created in England during the Middle Ages. Today, most countries that once had ties to England, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law.
when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms. -To be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims. The Principles of the United Nations:
Introduction The great French Revolution has been regarded to as one of the most influential events in modern Western history, and therefore there are various interpretations to explain how the Revolution evolved and what it was like. It is important to focus on very different kinds of historical evidence and sources to get a clear picture of the Revolution. Therefore, one must not forget to look not only at the written sources but also at the more cultural and artistic interpretations. One of the best examples of cultural and political distribution of the
Crime and the Law Task 1. Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) Sally didn't realise that she had broken/countered/denied the law. b) The police have banned/cancelled/refused parking in this street. c) I must remember to get a/an agreement/licence/permission for my television. d) The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and crime/government/order. e) Jim's parents wouldn't agree/allow/let him go to the demonstration. f) Jake was arrested because he had entered the country falsely/illegally/wrongly. g) Talking to other students is against the law/orders/rules of the examination. h) The two men were arrested before they could commit/make/perform any more crimes. i) I had to take the company to court/justice/law to get the money they owed me.
sexual encounters involving Assange. Assange has said the allegations of wrongdoing are "without basis", describing the sexual encounters as consensual. He turned himself in to the London police, after Interpol put out a notice that he was wanted. · Details about the incidents -- hazy - According to a report published yesterday by Reuters, people in Assange's inner circle imply that the charges arose out of a case of STD paranoia. Reuters' sources say that while Assange was visiting Stockholm, he started crashing with -- and sleeping with -- a woman. Rape and molestation charges against him stemming from the same incidents were dropped, only to be more recently reinstated. · Smith offered to an address for bail -- Smith's Norfolk mansion, Ellingham Hall - In a hearing at the City of Westminster Magistrates' Court on 7 December 2010, Assange identified a post office box as his address
On June 9th the same company, "Christiani & Nielsen" was also given the task of constructing the hangars. The company had an advantage, because it had a representative office in St. Petersburg and was involved in the construction of Noblessner's slipway. The actual construction commenced on July 5th, 1916 on the site officially named as Tallinn's Seaplane Harbour and in parallel with the hangars port piers were also constructed. On October 13th, 1917, the construction team received an order to suspend all construction due to the war. Fortunately the hangars were almost ready by that time (only short of large-scale sliding doors, ramps for launching the planes and the floors had no wood cover). These seaplane hangars are unique shell concrete structures, which demonstrate engineering 20 years ahead of its time. The Post-War Years On January 24th, 1945, the secret decision No 010 of the ESSR National Economy Council granted the military a 14
environment. While not officially a public beach, the locals have still put in great effort into keeping it a clean and enjoyable public area (Klementi, 2011). In August 2015 historic Kalarand beach was fenced by Pro Kapital and public was denied access despite laws against such conduct. The action of Pro Kapital, one of the leading real estate developers in Estonia, is reminiscent of Soviet times when citizens where denied access to seaside. In order to solve the situation, both lawfully and justly, the city council should go to court against Pro Kapiatal. Tallinn is known for its picturesque seaside silhouette, surrounded by multitude of beaches, but Kalarand was the only beach within the city and closest place to the seafront next to the Old Town. Over the years Kalamaja district has become a popular cultural district of Tallinn where people enjoy their free time. Kalarand has played a big role in it. Both Kalarand and
9th of May 2014 Word Count: 8,800 `Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child Appendix 2: Interview with Jamie Richards, the Head Teacher of Cadle Primary School 2 Abstract: Children inherently have had a rather tenuous relationship with citizenship. Similarly to how
world, Lebron James. At that time it was eight times the budget, which was approved by the Estonian Government. So it was a heavy sum to pay. In Britain I think they can only blame themselves. You see, unlike many other nations, the UK has no single core constitutional document. In this sense, it is said not to have a written constitution, but much of the British constitution is embodied in written documents, within statues, court judgments and treaties. So in my opinion that's a stupid system. Because if you watch other countries how much do they pay for compensation claims then it's nothing. Though in other countries there are huge sums what civilians get from companies. A former female police officer was awarded an estimated £1,000,000 in a package, after complaining of bullying and sexual and racial harassment. For instance I think it's absolutely ridiculous to get a million for that
institutsioon/asutus 83. initially established esmakordselt sisseseatud 84. to supervise teostada järelvalvet 85. law-abiding seaduskuulekus 86. state officials riigiametnikud 87. parliamentary ombudsman parlamentaarne "õigusvahemees" 88. right to impose specific administrative penalties on... õigus kehtestada spetsiaalseid halduskaristusi 89. employees of state agencies riigiasutuste personal 90. the conducted proceedings juhitud menetlused 91. the administrative court proceedings halduskohtumenetlus 92. an infringement of law seadusrikkumine 93. right to make proposals and give recommendations, fulfilment of which is not compulsory õigus teha ettepanekuid ja anda soovitusi mittekohustuslikuks täitmiseks ??? 94. to improve the situation olukorra parandamiseks 95. the function of reconciliation or negotiation leptamise ja läbirääkimiste funktsioon 96. questions arising between... küsimused, mis tekivad ... vahel 97
sent from London, although this is a disputed fact It was the last major outbreak of the plague in England The English outbreak is thought to have originated from the Netherlands By July 1665, plague was in the city of London itself Though concentrated in London, the outbreak affected other areas of the country A bill of mortality for the plague People at the plague King Charles II of England, his family and his court left the city for Oxfordshire The aldermen and the the majority of the other city authorities opted to stay at their posts - The Lord Mayor of the city, Sir John Lawrence quarantined himself in a specially-built glass case so he could carry out his duties Several public health efforts were attempted Physicians were hired by city officials Burial details were carefully organized Authorities ordered fires to be kept burning night and day, in hopes
This publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the copyright holder. © Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusmmenarbeit GmbH (GIZ), 2011. 2 CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK 2 Introduction For the past few years, Georgian government has carried out a number of significant economic reforms in various fields in order to create attractive business environment and to breathe a new life into Georgian economy. The main aim of the reforms was to boost foreign investments, cre- ate new jobs, stimulate entrepreneurial activities in a variety of fields and increase the welfare of citizens. As a result of economic deregulation policy which was focused on liberalization of the Economy, a number of state regulated spheres were sharply decreased and regulation procedures were sim- plified
After her death, he claimed her body and arranged her funeral, barring Hollywood's elite. For twenty years, he had a dozen red roses delivered to her crypt three times a week. Unlike her other two husbands, he never talked about her publicly, wrote a tell-all, or remarried[39]. Arthur Miller Miller and Monroe at a press conference after their weddingOn June 29, 1956, Monroe married playwright Arthur Miller, whom she first met in 1951, in a civil ceremony in White Plains, New York. City Court Judge Seymour Robinowitz presided over the hushed ceremony in the law office of Sam Slavitt (the wedding had been kept secret from both the press and the public). In reflecting on his courtship of Monroe, Miller wrote, "She was a whirling light to me then, all paradox and enticing mystery, street-tough one moment, then lifted by a lyrical and poetic sensitivity that few retain past early adolescence".[40] Nominally raised as a Christian, she converted to Judaism before marrying Miller
during the First World War, and when Casement committed treason against the UK during the Easter Rising out of conviction for his Irish nationalist views. Conan Doyle tried, unsuccessfully, to save Casement from the death penalty, arguing that he had been driven mad and was not responsible for his actions. Conan Doyle was also a fervent advocate of justice, and personally investigated two closed cases, which led to two imprisoned men being released. The first case, in 1906, involved a shy half-British, half-Indian lawyer named George Edalji, who had allegedly penned threatening letters and mutilated animals. Police were set on Edalji's conviction, even though the mutilations continued after their suspect was jailed. It was partially as a result of this case that the Court of Criminal Appeal was established in 1907, so not only did Conan Doyle help George Edalji, his work helped establish a way to correct other miscarriages of justice
That includes homilies and Saint's Lives. It is now believed that these monks were responsible for developing the form of written English known as Late West Saxon. Ælric was a grammarian, he wrote the first Latin grammar in English. One of the main characteristics is immediacy. 4. The medieval and eliz. world picture. The Elizabethan age was the age of the renaissance, but the Elizabethans were much closer to a medieval way of thinking. Above all earthly and cosmic laws or orders there is Law in general. The divine reason is beyond our understanding, yet we know it's there. God's law is eternal. St. Paul's scheme of sin and salvation: the revolt of the bad angels under Lucifer because of their pride, the creation, the temptation and fall of man, the incarnation, the atonement, the regeneration through Christ. When God had made the world he found it good and he created man in his own image but with the Fall of Man both man and the universe were corrupted
14. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 15. The Scrutable Orientals 16. PYCCKAJI Kranrojioras 17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index A Note on the Abridged Version MANY PEOPLE have urged me to put out a paperback edition of The Codebreakers. Here it is. It comprises about a third of the original. This was as big as the publishers and I could make it and still keep the price within reason. In cutting the book, I retained mainly stories about how codebreaking has affected history, particularly in World War II, and major names and stages in the history of cryptology. I eliminated all source notes and most of the technical matter, as well as material peripheral to strict codebreaking such as biographies, the invention of secondary cipher systems, and miscellaneous uses of various systems.
He is now regarded as the supreme composer of the Baroque, and as one of the greatest of all time. Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach. He was the youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, the director of the Stadtpfeifer or town musicians, and Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt. His father taught him to play violin and harpsichord. His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts ranged from church organists and court chamber musicians to composers. One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach (164593), was especially famous and introduced him to the art of organ playing. Bach was proud of his family's musical achievements, and around 1735 he drafted a genealogy, "Origin of the musical Bach family". Bach's mother died in 1694, and his father eight months later. The 10-year-old orphan moved in with his oldest brother, Johann Christoph Bach (16711721), the organist at the Michaeliskirche in nearby Ohrdruf
a human right and like in the first article by Warren & Brandeis, they quote Judge Cooly who sayd that, the privacy is the right to be let alone. This means, that a person is free to go and do what ever the person wants, no one has a right to harm him/her physically or mentally and vice versa. What ever the person decides to do, nobody else has the right to know about it without persons premission. Julie Cohen starts her essay with a point that privacy has the image problem. In the world where there is no mobile platforms, data mining social meedia, in simple words the internet, its easyer to leave the person alone, but what can we do in the world where is very difficult to be incognito because your every move is statistics and sometimes lawfully, somebodys elses bussines ?. Julie Cohen continues with describeing the new sight of the privacy. Compare to the year 1890 we are now facing new problems with privacy. The technology people use can store data. Data will contain
strategy. They bribed Viriathus's allies to kill him. In 139 BC, Viriathus was assassinated, and Tautalus became leader. Rome installed a colonial regime. The complete Romanization of Lusitania only took place in the Visigothic era. In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province, the Lusitanians lost their freedom and became opressed. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (Hill fort) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered around present-day Portugal, some urban remains are quite large, like Conimbriga and Mirobriga. Several works of engineering, such as baths, temples, bridges, roads, circus, theatres and layman's homes are preserved throughout the country. Coins, some of which coined in Lusitania land, there are numerous pieces of ceramics. Contemporary
say that they can see a strong family coat. 4 mistake for 8 come up with resemblance between my dad and me. I can't see it myself, not facially anyway 3 Well, she would keep driving too 2 1 bring about 5 go ahead although there are certain similarities fast in the town. 2 fall through 6 go down with in our physical build. I also seem to 4 Well, he would keep misbehaving 3 tip off 7 come to have inherited his big feet, unluckily in class. 4 come up with 8 mistake for for me. It was the first thing my parents 5 Well, you would keep eating too noticed when I was born
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson
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