It measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on GAAP. Cost accounting measures, analyzes, and reports financial and no financial information relating to cost of acquiring or using resources in an organization. Value-chain analysis: sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products and services. 1. Research and development 2. Design of products, services, or processes 3. Production 4. Marketing 5. Distribution 6. Customer service. Supply chain describes the flow of goods, services, and information from the initial sources of materials and services to the delivery of products to consumers, regardless of whether those activities occur in the same organization or in other organizations. Five step decision making process: 1. Identify the problem and uncertainties. 2. Obtain information. 3. Make predictions about the future. 4. Make decisions by choosing among alternatives. 5
The costs of production Production Decisions about production require individual agents to make decisions about the allocation and use of physical inputs. · Objectives of agents, technology, availability and quality of inputs determine the nature of these decisions. Since the objectives are often pecuniary, it is often necessary to relate the decisions about the physical units of inputs and outputs to the costs of production. · If the prices of the inputs and the production relationships are known (or understood), it is possible to calculate or estimate all the cost relationships for each level of output.
.................................................................................................31 9.2 How wind machines work..........................................................................................32 9.3 Types of wind machines............................................................................................. 32 9.4 Wind power plants......................................................................................................33 9.5 Wind production......................................................................................................... 34 9.6 Wind and the environment..........................................................................................34 TIDAL ENERGY............................................................................................................... 35 10.1 Wave Energy............................................................................................................ 36 10
ONLY ONE MARKET PRICE Firm's Output The firm's choice of method and level of the costs of output is dependent on costs and revenue associated with each output alternative. · Productions are reflected in the supply side of the model. The revenue of the firm is reflected in the demand functions. Average, Total and Marginal Revenue Average Revenue (AR) schedule = demand schedule Price per unit to buyer = revenue per unit to seller average revenue=price Total Revenue (TR)= Price x Quantity (increases by constant amount constant price) TR = P x Q · Straight upward sloping line constant slope (= price) · The area formed by the rectangle with coordinates (0,0), (0,P), (0,Q), (P,Q) Marginal Revenue (MR) = Change in Total Revenue from selling ONE additional unit of output. Same as price.
Tallinn 2013 Ott Speek Subject: English Geodesy Study group: GI-21b PETROLEUM PRESENTATION Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil) is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures)
3 Energy Dividends You Can Still Trust This has been a bad year for energy dividends, but there are still a few out there that investors can still trust. With the price of oil recently hitting a sevenyear low and natural gas now at a 14 year low, there has been a deep impact on the cash flows at oil and gas companies. Many don't have enough money coming in to drill the required number of new wells needed to maintain their production rates, let alone any left over to pay shareholders a steady dividend. This has resulted in the reduction or suspension of a countless number of energyrelated dividends. All that said, there are a few energy dividends that investors can still trust. Here are three companies that have been making their dividend a priority. Jason Hall After Kinder Morgan's stunning announcement that it would cut its rocksolid (or so I
Statistics for the time are notoriously uncertain, but the best ones available show Ukraine's GDP at just $1,307 per capita. Only Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan lagged behind Ukraine; even Moldova and Turkmenistan, generally regarded as very poor Soviet republics, were ahead of Ukraine. Ukraine's economy contracted annually between 9.7 and 22.7 percent in 19911996. The country experienced hyperinflation and an exceptionally huge production decline for a country not ravaged by a major war. Official GDP collapsed by almost half from 1990 to 1994, and slow decline continued throughout the decade. Economic growth would not resume again until 2000. The budget deficit was, at 14.4 percent of GDP, exceptionally large. Barter and the use of surrogate moneys and foreign currencies prevailed. Ukraine had introduced a sovereign currency, the Hryvnia, but it was little used. A shadow economy
total cost of clinical trials. An integrated supply chain can reduce the overproduction of drug products by efficient demand management, planning, and inventory management. Traditionally, marketing, distribution, planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizations along the supply chain operated independently. These organizations have their own objectives and these are often conflicting. Marketing's objective of high customer service and maximum sales dollars conflict with manufacturing and distribution goals. Many manufacturing operations are designed to maximize throughput and lower costs with little consideration for the impact on inventory levels and distribution capabilities. Purchasing contracts are often negotiated with very little information beyond historical buying patterns. The result of these factors is that there is not a single, integrated plan for the organization---there were as many plans as businesses
BARRIERS TO DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENT IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Abstract District heating (DH) offers low primary energy demand, high security of supply and small CO 2 emissions. Barriers to DH in the UK, Ireland, France, Romania and the Czech Republic have been compiled through publications and interviews. DH systems require large investments, have negative initial cash flow and long payback time, which obstructs financing. One actor should control DH from source to consumption. If the value chain is fragmented, contracts are required between the links. It increases risks and financing costs, like in the UK and Ireland, where DH is not established. There are few multi- family houses with central heating and it is expensive to build DH networks in built areas. Most French DH systems are operated according to long-term concessions by companies that sell
other financial intermediaries. The distinction is based on the functions of institutions institutions in the first group (MFIs) play important role in the process of money creation in modern economies. European Central Bank (ECB) describes Monetary financial institutions as including national central banks (and also ECB in the euro area), credit institutions and non-credit institutions which receive deposits from general public (individuals and non-MFI firms) and grant credit and/or invest in securities. Major non-credit MFIs in Europe are money market funds. Credit institutions are defined in the directive 1 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions as: a) undertakings whose business is to receive deposits or other repayable funds from the public and to grant credits for its own account; or 1 Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June
1-2 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SECTION 2 Unit Specifications and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2-2 Unit Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 SECTION 3 Installation and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3-1 Design Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3-2 Selecting an Installation Site . .
3. 1 ref to operon; 2 normally repressor substance bound to operator; 3 prevents RNA polymerase binding (at promoter) / prevents transcription; 4 lactose binds to repressor; 5 changes shape of protein molecule; 6 unable to bind (to operator); 7 RNA polymerase binds (at promoter) / transcription occurs / genes switched on; 8 AVP; e.g. production of lactose permease / production of beta- galactosidase; max 5 [5] 4. a change in the genetic material; unpredictable / AW; extra detail; e.g. addition / substitution / deletion / frame shift / small part of chromosome / may code for different protein / may code for no protein
15 Cost per million exposures 6,400 5,882 6,154 6,000 6,842 6,000 6,667 5,667 number of ads). Finally, run solvertable to see how sensitive the 16 17 Advertising plan optimal solution is to the maximum number of ads per show allowed. 18 Friends MNF Malcolm in Middle Sports Center TRL Live Lifetime movie CNN JAG Min: 10, max: 40, step 5. 19 Number ads purchased 4,000 14,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 10,000
The main aim of the reforms was to boost foreign investments, cre- ate new jobs, stimulate entrepreneurial activities in a variety of fields and increase the welfare of citizens. As a result of economic deregulation policy which was focused on liberalization of the Economy, a number of state regulated spheres were sharply decreased and regulation procedures were sim- plified. Consequently, our achievements have been recognized by a number of international in- stitutions. This year the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation published a joint research Doing Business 2011, under which Georgia ranks 12th among 183 countries in terms of Ease of Doing Business. Moreover, Georgia surpasses 174 counties in terms of reformation of business regulations since 2005. Last but not least, Georgia ranks first in the Post-soviet space, excluding the Baltic countries, in terms of counter-corruption policy. It is worth noting that de-
The need for a calibration step implies other things. Will the part of the system with the temperature sensor be part of the board that contains the compensation? If not, how do you keep the two parts together once calibra- tion is performed? And what if the field engineer has to change the sensor 2 Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors in the field? Will he be able to do the calibration? Will it really be cheaper, in production, to add a calibration step to the assembly procedure than to purchase a more accurate sensor? In many cases where an adjustment is needed, the resulting calibration parameters can be calculated in software and stored. For example, you might bring the system (or just the sensor) to a known temperature and measure the output. You know that an ideal sensor should produce an output voltage X for temperature T, but the real sensor produces an output voltage Y for temperature T
wide range of heavy weight training equipment. A third clients group targeted by “Your Fitness” will be students. Dublin ……….. area has a several schools and other educational authorities which will make the “Your Fitness” plan a special offers and discounts to attract students. Table: Market Analysis Potential Customers Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Growth 1.Young urban professionals 600 660 726 798 877 10% 2.Bodybuilders 300 330 363 399 439 10% 3. Students 200 220 244 268 294 10% 4
hydrogenated oils and shortenings. While the vibrant, strong sunflower is a recognized worldwide for its beauty, it is also an important source of food. Sunflower oil is a valued and healthy vegetable oil and sunflower seeds are enjoyed as a healthy, tasty snack and nutritious ingredient to many foods. Sunflower is an important agricultural crop choice for US producers in the northern plains of the Dakotas to the panhandle of Texas. Browse this complete site on US sunflower production to learn about the sturdy sunflower and the healthy products it provides. Introduction Sunflower seeds are an American original. Called either confection or non-oil, seeds are a delicious and nutritious snack or addition to your favorite food. It is a native species to North America and was used by American Indians for an important, high-energy food source. Spanish explorers carried it with them to Europe. Russian agronomists were responsible for the first agricultural hybrids
energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation),followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. While there are many large-scale renewable energy projects and production, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development.Kenya has the world's highest household solar ownership rate with roughly 30,000 small (20100 watt) solar power systems sold per year. Some renewable energy technologies are criticised for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the market is growing for many forms of renewable energy. Climate change concerns coupled with high oil
that obstruct trade, regulation of state intervention and monopoly, creation, and more efficient use of resources by means of free movement of labor force and capital. 8 Harmonization H Free movement of all factors of production, single currency, single monetary and fiscal policy are elements of ... 9 Market Access I In a ... free movement of goods complemented by single customs tariff.
The greater the price discrimination, the greater the profits because buyers lose some of their "consumer surplus" If price discrimination were carried to its logical conclusion, we would have perfect price discrimination · The buyers would lose all of their "consumer surplus" Price Discrimination Methods of discrimination - Discriminate among units firm charges the same price to all customers but there are volume discounts The key idea is to figure a way to charge those incremental buyers who are willing to pay more a higher price · Result Consumer Surplus is converted to Producer Surplus · Efficiency When the firm increases output to the point where MC = D, the efficient quantity is produced, but
1 2010 Contents Preface ix List of Contributors xi About the Editor xv PART I. Technologies 3 1. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Meat 5 Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan 2. Technological Quality of Meat for Processing 25 Susan Brewer 3. Meat Decontamination 43 Panagiotis N. Skandamis, George-John E. Nychas, and John N. Sofos 4. Aging/Tenderization Mechanisms 87 Brian C. Bowker, Janet S. Eastridge, Ernie W. Paroczay, Janice A. Callahan, and Morse B. Solomon 5. Freezing/Thawing 105
It often doesn't. I'm not suggesting that you start injecting yourself with odd substances never before tested on humans. I am suggesting, however, that government agencies (the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration) are at least 10 years behind current research, and at least 20 years behind compelling evidence in the field. More than a decade ago, a close friend named Paul was in a car accident and su ered brain damage that lowered his testosterone production. Even with supplemental testosterone treatments (creams, gels, short-acting injectables) and after visiting scores of top endocrinologists, he still su ered from the symptoms of low testosterone. Everything changed-- literally overnight--once he switched to testosterone enanthate, a variation seldom seen in the medical profession in the United States. Who made the suggestion? An advanced bodybuilder who knew his biochemistry. It shouldn't have made a difference, yet it did.
mechanical drive applications such as large compressors or pumps. Medium speed diesel engines operate on either diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil by direct injection in the same manner as low-speed engines. 1.1.1.5) Also known as slow-speed, or traditionally oil engines, the largest diesel engines are primarily used to power ships, although there are a few land-based power generation units as well. These extremely large two-stroke engines have power outputs up to approximately 85 MW (114,000 hp), operate in the range from approximately 60 to 200 rpm and are up to 15 m (50 ft) tall, and can weigh over 2,000 short tons (1,800 t). 1.1.2)A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.[1]
Then practice Capitalist Niggerism because then you will not blame the teachers for failing your children or blame the nationwide testing services for using non-black questions in their testing. You will be in control because you will totally understand that everything that happens to your child at school is a result of the learning environment you have provided him or her at home. You want to succeed in creating wealth, join Wall Street. Don’t make excuses that Blacks don’t know how to invest their money. Go after the Caucasians. Use their guilt to your advantage. Another important point which I raised in this book concern the long study I have conducted regarding the economic behaviour of East Indians and Pakistanis. It is an economic doctrine I have christened the “Spider Web Doctrine,” because I believe we all understand how spiders behave. They build a web, and if an ant or fly dares enter the web, they are not allowed to come out. The spider closes its web. That is
structurises the information channels for the future. The course supports the other Traderun courses, especially the course related to EU cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 3 1. LEGALIZATION OF A COMPANY WITH A FOREIGN OWNER IN RUSSIA Today the investment attractiveness of Russia is very high. In addition to the dynamic pace of development of the economy, Russia offers to foreign investors increasing every year the market of goods and services to consumer and business. Most often, this together with the high rate of return on invested capital is a crucial factor in the decision to enter the Russian market. One possible way to full implementation of business activities on the territory of the Russian Federation - is the creation of a legal entity. An enterprise with foreign capital - is created on the territory of the Russian business- organization whose founders are foreign citizens or organizations
Business strategy focuses on improving the competitive position of a company’s or business unit’s products or services within the specific industry or market segment it serves. Business strategy is comprised of: • Competitive strategy • Cooperative strategy Porter’s Competitive Strategies: *Lower cost strategy *Differentiation strategy * • Cost leadership *Cost Focus * Differentiation Focus *Differentiation The eight dimentions of quality 1. Performance – peamine funktsioon 2. Features – kellad ja viled 3. Reliability – usaldusväärsus 4. Conformance – vastavus showroomis näidatuga 5. Durability - kestvus 6. Serviceability – lihtne hooldada 7. Aesthetics – esteetika, kuidas product lõhnab, välja näeb jne 8. Perceived Quality – üldine maine Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy Fragmented industry- palju väikseid firmasid väiksel turul
JOHNNY CASH Semester Powerpoint By: Nicole Casaday Biography Walking a Line in His Shoes February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas; the one and only Johnny Cash was brought into a loving family of nine created by Ray and Carrie Rivers Cash. Johnny and his family lived In Kingsland until he was at the age of three, where they then moved to Dyess, Arkansas; a Colony in Northeast Arkansas. The Cash family farmed nearly 20 acres filled of cotton, there Ray, Kerry and all seven of their children worked side by side in the crops; including little Johnny. Johnny as a Kid... Cash spent his childhood in Guns & Girls Dyess Colony until he graduated high school in 1950, where he then fled off to D e t r o i t in search of work only to find himself in Pontiac, Michigan working in the automotive business. However, Cash soon after enlisted in the U.S. Air Force
enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of the product must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to people's total expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factors ("producers") must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes "Gross" means that GDP measures production regardless of the various uses to which that production can be put. Production can be used for immediate consumption, for investment in new fixed assets or inventories, or for replacing depreciated fixed assets. "Domestic" means that GDP measures production that takes place within the country's borders. · In the expenditure-method equation, the exports-minus-imports term is necessary in order to null out expenditures on things not produced in the country (imports) and add in
prospects of the biogas. I have tried to make this report as understandable as possible. By the end of this report I want to come to a conclusion whether biogas is the best source of future energy or are there any other sources that are better. What is biogas? Typically it refers to the gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste. If opportunely refined it can be used for electricity production. Also for space-, water- or process heating. Unintentional production of biogases has been an ongoing issue in many regions of the world, and several nations have also looked to biogas as a potential source of clean energy. India and China have both invested extensively in creative biogas technology to provide fuel for their citizens and there are a number of interesting applications for this gas which appeal to people who are interested in sustainable energy and the health of the environment.
place B b−, represents an unsuccessful transmission. When this binding occurs the data packet (1,"COL") is removed from the input place A. No token is added to the output place B If the binding element b++ occurs, arc expression on the arc from TransmitPacket to B evaluates to 2‘Data({seq=1,data="COL"}) 9.Net structure and inscriptions 10.Occurrence of steps 11.Model parameterization RECV.all is a predefined color set function (– takes a unit () as an argument– returns the list representation of a multiset– containing one appearance of each of the colors in RECV) List.map is also a predefined function (– takes a function and a list as arguments – applies the function to each list element) Fusion sets to glue places from different modules (– compound places across hierarchical structure) 12.Unfolding hierarchical CPN
charging 62-138 miles what is enoguh to circulate in citys. And when you need to stopi n traffic jam then your car dont use energy, this is the thing what most gasoline cars can´t toi f you don´t stop the engine. Most modern electric cars uses Li-ion battery, tihs type battery charging takes about 2 hours, in the first hour charging is 80-90% and the second hour takes batterey rest 10-20%. Electric cars in our county in Estonia In Estonia has very few electric cars. 21. Sept in year 2009 was in this country only 6 registered electric cars. At least 2 of these are own made in litte home garage. One project is uploaded in internet. This is one car in Estonia what is more green and homemade with 2 years Wolkswagen Golf 3 Variant, the project car Almost ready. Used materials: · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car · http://www.popularmechanics.com/cm/popularmechanics/images/qC/Tesla- Roadster.jpg · http://www.google.ee/imgres
laws, regulations, patents, copyrights, trademarks, . . . location, natural ability, information, economics of scale (natural monopolies) Economic Barriers:Economic barriers include economies of scale, capital requirements, cost advantages and technological superiority Economic Barriers Economies of scale: Monopolies are characterized by declining costs over a relatively large range of production. Declining costs coupled with large start up costs give monopolies an advantage over would be competitors. · Monopolies are often in a position to cut prices below a new entrant's operating costs and drive them out of the industry. Further the size of the industry relative to the minimum efficient scale may limit the number of firms that can effectively compete within the industry. · If for example the industry is large enough to support one firm of minimum efficient
...........................................10 2.2 CAUSES OF THE PROBLEMS .............................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Structural: contractual systems ...............................................................................................12 2.2.2 Management in construction ...................................................................................................15 2.2.21 Conventional production management theory in construction..........................................16 2.2.22 Conventional project management theory in construction ................................................17 2.2.23 Learning and improvement ...............................................................................................19 2.2.3 Lack of technological exploitation ..........................................................................................19 2
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