Animal farm by George Orwell About One night, all the animals at Mr. Jones Manor Farm assemble in a barn to hear old Major describe a dream he had about a world where all animals live free from the tyranny of their human masters. old Major dies soon after the meeting, but the animals got inspired by his philosophy of Animalism. They plot a rebellion against Jones. Two pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, prove themselves important figures and planners of this dangerous enterprise. When Jones forgets to feed the animals, the revolution occurs, and Jones and his men are chased off the farm. Manor Farm is renamed Animal Farm, and the Seven Commandments of Animalism are painted on the barn wall. The rebellion is a success - The animals complete the harvest and meet every Sunday to debate farm policy. The pigs, because
By 1825 the White population of Australia was about 25,000 with Tasmania having 4,500. The transportation location was again changed to Western Australia and it continued till 1868. The system of granting land ended in 1831. From then on land was sold. The rebellions in Australia started in the beginning of the 19th century in March 1804. Some Irish convicts led by Philip Cunningham took part in a rebellion at Castle Hill. The rebellion quickly collapsed upon a battle with government soldiers and the leaders were hanged. A second rebellion occurred in 1808. William Bligh was made governor in 1806 and at that time rum was used as currency, which he forbade. A group of soldiers led by Major George Johnston arrested him. He was held prisoner until he agreed to leave Australia, however soon after Johnston set sail, he decided to return.
circa 1000 AD Leif Ericsson leads a Viking expedition to the New World 1451 The Iroquois Confederacy is formed 1497 John Cabot reaches Newfoundland (or perhaps Cape Breton) 1534 Jacques Cartier first explores the St. Lawrence region 1608 Samuel de Champlain establishes a French colony at Québec City 1670 Hudson's Bay Company is formed 1755 Expulsion of the Acadians 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: Québec City is captured 1763 New France is formally ceded to Britain; Pontiac Rebellion erupts 1783 Loyalist refugees begin arriving after the American Revolution 181214 War of 1812: U.S. invades Canada 183738 Rebellions against British rule in Upper and Lower Canada 1848 Responsible government is won, first in Nova Scotia, then in Canada 1867 Confederation (first four provinces: Québec, Ontario, N.S., and N.B.) 1870 Red River Resistance; province of Manitoba is created 1871, 1873 B.C. and P.E.I. join Canada
tribute instead of selection by ballot. They are taken to an arena and fight until only one is left alive. Katniss Everdeen is a 16-year-old girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games after her 12-year-old sister Primrose Everdeen is picked for reaping. She survives the games along with Peeta Mellark when they both defy the Capitol by threatening to commit suicide. The Capitol is angry at their defiance, which inspires rebellion in several districts. Katniss and Peeta tour the districts, attempting to subdue the rebellion. Then, the reaping for the next Hunger Games takes place. For these games, part of the "Quarter Quell" that takes place every 25 years, winners of past games are forced to participate. When only a few participants remain in the games, including Katniss and Peeta, the arena is destroyed. Three of the tributes, including Katniss, are rescued by survivors of District
Anthony Birgess. First of all Georgie was a memember of the protagonist’s Alex’s gang. The gang had three memember who were teenage criminals: Dim, Pete and Georgie.They robbed people, beat men and raped women. Georgie was extremely ambitious, agressive, determined, earnest and energetic. But also he was quite quiet and did things as his friends did. He quite often didn’t have his own opinion in anything. But on the otherhand he was the one lead the rebellion against Alex. When Alex got out of the jail the last time all of his friends, rivals and also his victims turned against him. Georgie was interesten in violence for the sake of financial gain, unlike Alex, who was interested in violence just for the pure sake of violence. Georgie wanted to be wealthy unlike his gangmembers but it was that what made him stand out from the gang. He was not that interested in beating men and raping women because he was in my opinion more intelligent
for centuries. London has always been the centre of the world. The origin of the city may be dated around the beginning of the 1st century when a Celtic tribe settled near the Thames. The Romans founded London about 50 AD. Its name is derived from the Celtic word Londinios, which means `the place of the bold one'. The Romans brought with them forts, roads and the rule of law. Then in 61 AD Queen Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans. Her army marched on London. No attempt was made to defend London. Boudicca burned London but after her rebellion was crushed it was rebuilt. By the end of the 2nd century, a 6metre stone wall was erected around London. The Danes invaded London in 842 and again in 851, burning most of the town. Then in 878, the Danes were defeated by King Alfred the Great and they split the country between them. On the 25th of December, 1006, William
G. Orwell's book "Animal Farm" is an excellent example of how easy it is to forget about the ideals. In his novel George Orwell pictures a human society through the animal farm. He uses exagerations which help to feel the atmosphere of spoiled society. Society ruined by dictators, false ideas and corruption. In the novel the animals are shown as the exagerated copies of human beings with all their characters, habits and feelings. The story took place on the farm where the animals led a rebellion against the human beings. The revolution was started by the pigs who were considered the most intelligent animals. The others helped the pigs because they hoped for the better and easier life and they thought that the pigs would change everything for the best. Unfortunately it did not work out so well. As soon as the pigs came to the power they forgot about their promises and the needs of their comrades became unimportant.
-giant -assassinated a high sheriff -forest base -evaded capture until 1305 -executed -controlled Andrew de Moray -scottish general -was quite rich -political influence -held up quite well -the rebellion -died in battle -controlled the north Jack Churchill -WW2 -mad Jack -bagpipes, longbow and a broadsword -fought in Dunkirk and Vågsøy -died 1996 Sean Connery -discharged from the navy -bodybuilder -keen footballer -James Bond -sexy -bored of Bond
The History of USA Merilin Peensalu 12.A Colonial period Spanish explorers Dutch, English, French, Swedish, Russian and Portuguese Slavery Convicts Native Americans Conflicts between the colonies British colonization Began in 1607 in Jamestown Three types of colonies Independence in mid-20s Eight overseas territories Formation of the United States of America Rebellion General George Washington 4th of July 1776 United States Bill of Rights Slavery Civil War (18611865) Beginning of the 20th century "Gilded age" First nationwide depressions Strongest economy Progressive era World War I Roaring Twenties Spanish flu Eighteenth Amendment KKK Jazz Age Mid 20th century The Great Depression (1929-39) New Deal (193336) World War II Cold War (1945-1991) 21st century World superpower Middle East 9/11 The War on Terror
· Was born in Falaise , Normandy. It's not exactly known when William born but it is is believed to have been born in either 1027 or 1028.He was son of Robert I , the Duke of Normandy. He was known as "William the Bastard" because of the illegitimacy of his birth. · Duke of Normandy from 1035. By his father's will, William succeeded him as Duke of Normandy at age seven. He was knighted by Henry at age 15. By the time William turned 19 he was successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. · King of England from 1066 to his death. Upon the death of the childless Edward the Confessor, the English throne was fiercely disputed by three claimants--William, Harold Godwinson, the powerful Earl of Wessex, and the Viking King Harald III of Norway, known as Harald Hardraada. Battles · William decides to invade England ....because of the contest for the throne. William organized a council of war at Lillebonne and
Victoria (Australia) Facts Victoria is named after Queen Victoria from Great Britain. The capital of Victoria is Melbourn Victoria is the smallest mainland state but most densly populated Gold was found in Victoria in 1851 70% of all Victorians live in Melbourn History Victoria was founded in 1803, when British soldiers came to stop French soldiers from settling any new areas. In 1854 there was an armed rebellion but it was held back by British soldiers.(over a thousand died) On 7 February in 2009 Victoria was affected by heavy bushfires, 134 died and the event is known as the "Black Saturday." Religion 67,5% of Victorian people are Christian, 27.5% Catholic and other religions are Islam, Judaism and Buddhism. The church attendance is very low in Victoria, over 20% of all Victorian claim no religion. Figures Victorian population is 5,087,000 Victoria's area is 237,629 km²
Charles 2nd No attempt to reverse the land confiscations that had taken place over that period in Ireland Had Cromwell's body ex- humed, hung, decapitated and the body thrown in a latrine [toilet]. His head was put on a post where it was still over 50 years later Used materials English textbook http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ireland_in_the_nineteenth_centur.htm http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/history/16291687.html http://www.casahistoria.net/ireland.htm#Rebellion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Model_Army http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland Thank you for listening
Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, he was the first Norman King of England. William was the son of the unmarried Robert I, Duke of Normandy, by Robert's mistress Herleva. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke and for their own ends. About william the first In 1047 William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By 1062 William was able to secure control of the neighbouring county of Maine. Conquests In the 1050s and early 1060s William became a contender
that many youngsters to this day can relate to. The book tells the story of a troubled teenager Holden Caulfield, who sets off on a short trip to New York, after being expelled from yet another private school, to avoid facing his parents. His dark and at times depressive thoughts and emotions have been mixed with humour and brutal reality, making this book stirring to read. The novel is a fantastic example of the coming of age genre, thanks to its various themes of rebellion, emotional and mental growth and indifferent, “I couldn’t care less” attitude. The themes are apparent throughout the novel, giving the reader a clear view of what it’s like to be a teenager, who has no idea what to do with their life. The rebellious tone of the novel and its characters shines out right from the beginning, not only through the actions, such as getting expelled or being in a fight, but also through the frequent use of profanities, which make the
Henry VI went insaine and gave his throne to his uncle Duke of Yorke. When Henry IV wanted his throne back, his uncle refused, which leaded to the War of the Roses. Edward IV encouraged William Caxton to set up a printing press with movable type. 1483 came to reign Edward V who was only 12 years old. Richard(Ed's uncle) had Edward V and his younger brother imprisoned in the Tower of London. When it was rumoured that he had had the two boys murdered in the tower, rebellion broke out, and Richard III was killed in bttle. Henry Tudor was the next one to reign over England. Geoffrey Chaucer He was one of the greatest poets of England, he is also known as the Father of English Poetry.. He was the son of a wealthy London wine merchant. He was a master of manners and of description and the first taleteller. He led an extremely busy life. He was married to Philippa Roet. He worked for some time as Controller of Customs in London, Justice of Peace in Kent
1: When was London founded, and by whom? London, England was founded in A.D. 43 by the Romans 2: What was its original name? Londinium 3: What happened to London in 61 AD? 61 AD Boadicea, the queen of a tribe of Britons, led a rebellion against the Romans 4: What was the population of London in the second century AD? Around 60,000 5: What happened in 851 AD? 6: What did Alfred the Great do? He defended Anglo-Saxon England from Viking raids, formulated a code of laws, and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activity. His reign exhibits military skill and innovation, sound governance and the ability to inspire men and plan for the future, piety and
I was even thinking about what I am and what I am living for and is there any point for it. Serious influence, isn't it? On the other hand, this book gave me a lot. It has put me thinking about significant things, as well as J.D. Salinger's novel is a wake-up call for all teenagers and in a sense is inspiring to read because it sends out the message that we should all remain hopeful and true to ourselves. Teenagers can appeal to this story because of its complex themes of rebellion, identity and independence, but I would recommend everyone to read it before becoming an adult because it's the only way you could understand Holden's actions while reading the book! To conclude, I would like to say that I don't regret reading "The catcher in the rye". It wasn't similar to the books I've read before, so that it was something new and uncommon. I think that this is one of those books that everyone should read being a teen
legal and financial intricacies. Even more disastrous was Mary's marriage in 1554 to Philip II, King of Spain, which was conducted at Winchester Cathedral rather than in London, owing to Philip's unpopularity. Although Philip was never crowned in England, important documents bore his signature and were issued in the name of the "King and Queen". There was opposition to his involvement in English affairs. One expression of this was the serious rebellion under the leadership of Sir Thomas Wyatt (the Younger) to depose Mary and put her half-sister, Elizabeth, later Elizabeth I, on the throne. Philip was an uncompromising Roman Catholic and unpopular in England. At his order, Mary joined in a war against France, with the result that Calais, the last relic of the English conquests won during the Hundred Years' War with France, was lost in 1558. Its loss upset her deeply: "When I am dead and opened, you shall find Calais lying in my heart", she is
Started the Hundred Years' War in 1337 In 1348, Black Death killed more than 1/3 of the population > financial problems Succeeded by his grandson Richard II in 1377 A sign dedicated to the plague of 1348 at the port of Weymouth The Black Death in medieval London Richard II is known for trying to establish absolutism in England - He managed to surpress the Peasants' Revolt, a rebellion of peasants, in 1381 while only 14 years old - The massive threat of their disobedience made the King wary and this lead to the strive for absolutism While the King was in Ireland, plotters were gathering forces against him Richard II was taken to the Tower where he alledgedly resigned the crown to his cousin who became Henry IV in 1399 By descendance, Henry IV was the first King from the Lancaster branch
For exaple Northumberland's rebels who were caught. She gave them an easy treatment which was a mistake she later had to regret. One plan against Mary involved Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger and the Duke of Suffolk Henry Grey who had involvement with the Northumberland plot. They lead rebel armies from various parts of England. Wyatt's army reached London, but the rebellion was put down at the city gates. He and his fellow conspirators were arrested. In all, roughly 100 rebels were hung, although the Queen pardoned 400 others. 5.SLAID Mary tried to make social reforms which were mostly unsuccsessful. One of those was her marriage to Philip II of Spain, in 1554, which was wery unpopular amongst everyone.
The Estonian Defence League has 3 affiliated organisations the Women's Home Defence, Young Eagles and Home Daugthers. History The Estonian Defence League established in November 1918 during the confusing times primarily for maintaining public order. Several armed services, the order guard, Prison Board and many single military units grew out of the organisation. There have been two attempts to liquidate the Estonian Defence League: in 1924, it led to the Bolshevik rebellion and when the Estonian Defence League was truly liquidated in 1940, the Estonian state was also finished, with the occupation lasting for half a century. The Estonian Defence League was re- established in February 1990, a full 18 months before Estonia re-gained its independence, and although the Estonian Defence League is still developing, it is once again becoming a cornerstone of statehood. I as member of Estonian Defence League
hukkamisega. Katoliiklus muutus äärmuslikuks, kuid hoolimata ähvardustest saada hukatud jätkasid preestrid usu praktiseerimist salajamisi. 3 3 Haynes 1994: 12 5 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS Anonymous. Gunpowder Plot. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 05.05.2011 Fraser, Antonia. 1996. The Gunpowder Plot. London: Phoenix Haynes, Alan. 1994. The Gunpowder Plot: Faith in Rebellion. Sparkford: Hayes and Sutton 6
Teine vokalist kes neil on teeb kurjemaid vokaale, kuid ka need olid väga hästi õnnestunud ja väga hästi arusaadavad, kuigi eks igaüks ikkagi ei saa karjumisest aru. Üldine meeleolu oli super, kõik jäid rahule, kontserti reklaamiti küll vähe, aga rahvast oli palju ja pilet oli väga mõistlik(150.-). Ebaõnnestunud palad olid muidu ,,Jack Of Diamonds" ja ,,Blue eyed fiend" , sest see laulja lihtsalt ei suuda luua sellist elamust nagu vana laulja nende lauludega. Pala ,,Rebellion in Nightmare" ajal oli isegi moshpit olemas. Üldiselt oli kontsert väga super. Paljud kes seal olid ei olnud varem kuulnud isegi sellest bändist ning jäid väga rahule, Aga muidu suhtuti neisse vägahästi, väga paljud üllatusid, et bassist Karin Axelsson, sai ka väga hästi kõigega hakkama, sest stereotüüpiliselt arvatakse, et nais muusikud ei saa hakkama sellise stiiliga. Näha muidugi oli, et ta tegi vägapaljudele bassimeestele pika puuga ära ja oma
In Britain this act united all parties against the colonies. The British government felt this was an action which could not be unpunished and responded by closing the port of Boston. The Boston Tea Party eventually proved to be one of the many reactions which led to the American Revolutionary War. The Boston Tea Party is known around the world and has been inspirational to other noted activists and reform leaders. American political activists have invoked the Tea Party as a symbol of rebellion against the establishment. Used website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party
independence. http://wapedia.mobi/thumb/4176501/en/fixed/470/376 /Danmarks_flag_1219_Lorentzen.jpg?format=jpg Click icon to add picture Danish Estonia · Conquered by Danish king Click icon to add picture Waldermat II · The Danish Army defeated the Estonians at the Battle of Lyndanisse. · The Estonians of Harria started a rebellion in 1343- St. George's Night Uprising. http://ts1.mm.bing.net/images/thumbnail.aspx? q=819230880636&id=9318fc57fdc860ec1be51 52b3d56ff20 Click to edit Master text styles Second level Reformation period Third level Fourth level
Bannockburn The treaty of Northampton 1348 John Balliol When Margaret died there were 12 claims to the throne, JohnBalliol was made a king by Edward I, who undermined his authority Edward treated Scotland as a vassal state and humiliated the king Scotland remained without a true king until Robert Bruce took the crown William Wallace A patriot and national hero of Scotland. Wallace led the Scottish rebellion against Edward I In 1297 he defeated The English at Stirlin Bridge A year after scots were defetead 1305 Wallace was captured and executed in London Robert Bruce The king of Scotland He supported Wallace´s uprising againts Edward I 1306 he crowned hmself as the king, Bruce freed Scotland from English rule by winning the battle of Bannockburn and confirmed the tresty of Northampton Effective, heroic king The Hammer of the Scots
foreign (mainly German) origin. · On St. George's Night (April 23) 1343, Estonians in Harria started a large uprising. They renounced Christianity, and killed mercilessly everybody with German ancestry · Insurgents elected their own leaders who were called "kings" in German chronicles. · On May 14th, the leaderless insurgents of Harria lost the battle of Kanavere against the Order troops. · The rebellion on the island of Oesel lasted two years Estonian Declaration of Independence · Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Independence Day of Estonia. · The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council, Maapäev, and approved by the
was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the independence of the Estonian Republic. Tallinn became the capital of an independent Estonia. Esonian first constitutional law was accepted in 15.06.1920. There was extensive citizenlaws: confluence-, religion-, meetings- and speechfreedom. Legislative law was accomplished by Riigikogu (100 members). Goverment was called into job by Riigikogu. Goverment head was riigivanem, who had country representing tasks. In 01.12.1924 was rebellion in Tallinn by communists, what gaved on cotrol after few hours. Tallinn's Hippodrome was opened in 25.11.1923 in Tallinn north side, track lenght is 1000m. The first electrified train service in Tallinn was opened in 1924 from Tallinn to Pääsküla, a distance of 11.2 kilometres. New stopovers opened (Järve 1923, Kivimäe 1924, Hiiu ja Rahumäe 1926, Lilleküla 1929, Tondi 1933). New railway stations opened: (Järve 1925,
kontroll inimese üle inimene kui ekspluateeritav impersonaalne objekt olemise mõttetus, võõrandumine loodusest ja teineteisest üksildus (loneliness) Olemuslik dilemma: - uute väärtuste loomine ja leidmine - teadvustamine - eneseleidmine III. Eneseleidmine. oma afektiivsuse teadvustamine (keha, vajadused, emotsioonid) · Eneseteadvuse neli taset: 1. stage of innocence - teadvuse eelne, "süüdimatus" 2. stage of rebellion - sisemise jõu otsingud 3. ordinary consciousness of self - vastutuse olemasolu, oma vigadest õppimine 4. creative consciousness of self - (Maslow tippelamused), olemuse mõistmine tähenduse andmine eelnevatele tasemetele · Integratsioon - mina kui tervik paradoksid - vastandite tegeliku olemuse tunnetamine "To be and not to be" Armastus ja võim, tahe ja otsustamine, vabadus ja paratamatus IV. Armastuse olemus.
kontroll inimese üle inimene kui ekspluateeritav impersonaalne objekt olemise mõttetus, võõrandumine loodusest ja teineteisest üksildus (loneliness) Olemuslik dilemma: - uute väärtuste loomine ja leidmine - teadvustamine - eneseleidmine III. Eneseleidmine. oma afektiivsuse teadvustamine (keha, vajadused, emotsioonid) · Eneseteadvuse neli taset: 1. stage of innocence - teadvuse eelne, "süüdimatus" 2. stage of rebellion - sisemise jõu otsingud 3. ordinary consciousness of self - vastutuse olemasolu, oma vigadest õppimine 4. creative consciousness of self - (Maslow tippelamused), olemuse mõistmine tähenduse andmine eelnevatele tasemetele · Integratsioon - mina kui tervik paradoksid - vastandite tegeliku olemuse tunnetamine "To be and not to be" Armastus ja võim, tahe ja otsustamine, vabadus ja paratamatus IV. Armastuse olemus.
tribes the Romans had first encountered there occupying the southern half of the country. After preliminary lowscale invasions of the island, the Romans invaded Britain in force in 43 AD, forcing their way inland through several battles against British tribes, including the Battle of the Medway, the Battle of the Thames, the Battle of Caer Caradoc and the Battle of Mona. Following a general uprising in which the Britons sacked Colchester, St Albans and London, the Romans suppressed the rebellion in the Battle of Watling Street and went on to push as far north as central Scotland in the Battle of Mons Graupius. Tribes in modernday Scotland and Northern England repeatedly rebelled against Roman rule and two military bases were established in Britannia to protect against rebellion and incursions from the north, from which Roman troops built and manned Hadrian's Scotland had been inhabited for thousands of years before the Romans arrived. However, it is only towards the
The strugglers were the Ottoman Empire, with some help from the other Central Powers, and mainly the British and the Russians among the Allies of World War I. The conflicts at the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign and the Gallipoli Campaign affected seriously areas, where the Armenian people lived. Before the declaration of war at the Armenian congress at Erzurum the Ottoman government requested the Ottoman Armenians to contribute the conquest of Transcaucasia by inciting a rebellion with the Russian Armenians against the tsarist army in the event of a Caucasus front. (Wikipedia, 2011) 1.5. Death marches The Armenians were marched out to the Syrian town of Deir Ez-Zor and the surrounding desert. Many evidences suggests that the Ottoman government did not provide any facilities or supplies to retain the Armenians during their deportation, nor when they arrived. Ottoman troops, who escorted the Armenians not only allowed others to rob, kill, and rape the
William had gained his throne by accepting the English form of coronation, William emphasised his claim to be legitimate successor to Edward the Confessor. William I was a strong king and a man of immense determination. He was stern to people who opposed his will, but kindly disposed to those who did not. William saw England as an extension of his French domains. He dispossessed nearly all the Anglo-Saxon nobles of their lands, and put Normans in their places. These men discouraged rebellion by building strong castles throughout the country, especially in Wales. In return for their land, William's barons had to perform certain services. They and their bishops had to perform certain services. They and the bishops served as members of William's Council, which replaced the Anglo-Saxon Witan. The barons also had military obligations to serve as knights (army commanders) for William. William organised his English kingdom according to the feudal system which had
America under Jefferson Davis. The Union included all of the free states and the five slaveholding border states and was led by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party. Republicans opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States, and their victory in the presidential election of 1860 resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office. The Union rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. The war began in 1861 with the bombing at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. After 4 years of war, the South finally surrendered and the Confederate States of America was destroyed. Political system The U.S.A is a federation and a democracy. It is made up of 51 States. Each State has its own government and there is a Federal Government for the whole country. It is a democracy because the government leaders are elected by the people.
border) to the Mediterranean Sea. Their Austrian and Slovenian domains, however, were lost when Otakar II died and his army was thrashed at the 1278 Battle of Moravské Pole (fought near modern-day Dürnkrut in Austria) by the Austrian Habsburgs. Hussite revolution The late 14th and early 15th centuries witnessed the Church-reform movement led by Jan Hus. Hus' eventual conviction for heresy and his death at the stake in 1415 sparked a nationalist rebellion in Bohemia led by the Hussite preacher Jan Zelivsk. In 1419 several Catholic councillors were flung from the windows of Prague's New Town Hall by Zelivsk's followers, thus introducing the word 'defenestration' (the act of throwing someone or something out of a window) to the political lexicon. After the death in 1419 of Holy Roman emperor and king of Bohemia Wenceslas IV, Prague was ruled by various Hussite committees. In 1420 combined Hussite forces led by military
Then began Colonial period and countries like Spain, Netherlands, Great Britain, France, Sweden and Portugal started establishing their colonies in America. Pilgrim Fathers (the British) established a colony called Jamestown in Virginia. They had to fight for their lives over there because America was still unknown for them, but they survived and started establishing even more colonies. The Thirteen British colonies started a rebellion against their motherland in 1775 and proclaimed their independence in 1776 and formed a nation in 1781 called United States of America. The United States defeated British army with help of Spain and France in The American Revolutionary War (17751783). Thirteen colonies formally declared their independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776 when they declared it in the Declaration of Independence.
3 control of Jamaica), succeeded in organizing frequent uprisings against the European landowners. The sugar industry declined in the 19th cent., partly because of the abolition of slavery in 1833 (effective 1838) and partly because of the elimination in 1846 of the imperial preference tariff for colonial products entering the British market. Economic hardship was the prime motive behind the Morant Bay rebellion by freedmen in 1865. The British ruthlessly quelled the uprising and also forced the frightened legislature to surrender its powers; Jamaica became a crown colony. Poverty and economic decline led many blacks to seek temporary work in neighboring Caribbean areas and in the United States; many left the island permanently, emigrating to England, Canada, and the United States. Indians were imported to meet the labor shortage on
When the commonwealth was in England he escaped, so he survived it. The House of Hanover It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. First ruler of the Hanovers was George I. He was a good ruler but he did not do many things. Biggest threat to his throne was The Scottish Jocobite Rebellion. It was the attempt of Stuart restoration but it failed. When the Hanovers ruled there was the Napoleon war and also conolization was done all over the world. Biggest names of the time are of course Horatio Nelson and James Cook. Admiral Nelson defeated the French in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Captain Cook New Zealand, Australia, Tonga and some parts of Antarctica. Victorian Age
inherit the throne. Peter's other half-brother, Ivan V of Russia, was next in line for the throne, but he was chronically ill and of infirm mind. Consequently, the Boyar Duma (a council of Russian nobles) chose the 10-year-old Peter to become Tsar with his mother as regent. This arrangement was brought before the people of Moscow, as ancient tradition demanded, and was ratified. Sophia Alekseyevna, one of Alexis' daughters from his first marriage, led a rebellion of the Streltsy (Russia's elite military corps) in AprilMay 1682. In the subsequent conflict some of Peter's relatives and friends were murdered, including Matveev, and Peter witnessed some of these acts of political violence. The Streltsy made it possible for Sophia, the Miloslavskys (the clan of Ivan) and their allies to insist that Peter and Ivan be proclaimed joint Tsars, with Ivan being acclaimed as the senior.
The war was eventually a victory for the house of Valois, who succeeded in recovering the Plantagenet gains made initially and expelling them from the majority of France by the 1450s. However, the war nearly ruined the Valois, while the Plantagenets gained huge amounts of plunder from the mainland, which enriched England. France itself likewise suffered greatly from the war, as most of the conflict occurred on the continent. 15. Wat Tyler's Rebellion took place in 1381. The first great popular rebellion in English history. Its immediate cause was the imposition of the unpopular poll tax of 1381, which brought to a head the economic discontent that had been growing since the middle of the century. The rebellion drew support from several sources and included well-to-do artisans and villeins as well as the destitute. Probably the main grievance of the agricultural labourers and urban working classes was the Statute of
was transferred to the Swedes by the Treaty of Altmark in1629. It ended the first Polish-Swedish war. German nobles--the Baltic barons--kept their sway over the Estonian peasantry until the eve of the 1917 Russian Revolution. Industrialization proceeded during the 19th century. The republic became heavily interlaced with railroads, and the port of Tallinn grew in importance. Russification took place and it caused rebellion and considerable emigration mostly to the United States and Canada. The Twentieth Century Estonian proclamation of independence in February 1918 was followed shortly by German occupation. After Germany surrendered to the Allies in November 1918, Estonia declared itself an independent democratic republic and repulsed the invading Red Army. In 1920, by the Peace of Tartu, Soviet Russia recognized Estonia's independence.
in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied Britain for four centuries. The Roman way of life all vanished after the invasions from Northern Europe by the
· 1580s - The first 2 English settlements in North America were established. · - James I of England became king. Scotland and England merged politically together as Great Britain. English spread to Scotland. · 1607 - the first lasting settlement in North America was established in Virginia, Jamestown. · 1609 - the colonisation of Ulster. (first tried out by Queen Elizabeth I and later continued officially by James I). Ulster was colonised to prevent further rebellion. The Irish were forced to become protestants. Due to these events, we can now see some common features in speech between lowland Scotland and Northern Ireland. · 1620 - the English ship Mayflower sailed to North America from England. The ship failed to reach Virginia and landed in Plymouth instead. Jamestown and Plymouth were now the 2 settlements and grew rapidly. · 17th century - the English began to spread in Southern America as a result of slave trade
The Roman conquest of what is now part of modern day Portugal took almost two hundred years and took many lives of young soldiers and the lives of those who were sentenced to a quick death in the slavery mines when not sold as slaves to other parts of the empire. It suffered a severe setback in 150 BC, when a rebellion began in the north. The Lusitanians and other native tribes, under the leadership of Viriathus, wrested control of all of western Iberia. Rome sent numerous legions and its best generals to Lusitania to quell the rebellion, but to no avail -- the Lusitanians kept conquering territory. The Roman leaders decided to change their strategy. They bribed Viriathus's allies to kill him. In 139 BC, Viriathus was assassinated, and Tautalus became leader. Rome installed a colonial regime
lasting element in the history of Wales. *Edward I's conquest of North Wales He was the King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost succeeding in doing the same to Scotland. Welsh king repeatedly refused to pay homage to Edward so he raised a huge army and began his first campaign against the Welsh prince. After this campaign, the Welsh prince was forced to pay homage to Edward and was stripped with a little territory. His brother started rebellion and was soon joined by the prince and many other Welshmen in a war of national liberation. The war was won by Edward. The Welsh wars damaged the English treasury due to the money spent on new troops and new castles to be built. *Prince of Wales 1301 Since 1301, the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son of the King or Queen of England. Edward II became Prince of Wales in 1301. He was the first English prince to hold the title Prince of Wales
Revolution in style and composition. James Joyce as a master of European Modernism. Self-consciously modernist-new ways to express, quite difficult to read. Himself encouraged diversity of opinions concerning his art. ,, Ulysses will give universities something to work on well into the next century". Joyce's background. Ireland, till 1904. Education was standard, middle class. He had quite prestigious start on education, Jesuit university college, Dublin. Ended up in rebellion. Against inhibiting(keelama) forces of family, church, school. Moved to the continent, Paris, Ulysses-Zürich and Paris. Joyce and Ireland. ,,Cultic twalette", left in 1904, couldn't help returning in every page he composed, short story collection Dubliners, Ulysses-guidebook through Dublin. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Largely autobiographical, Joyce's own spiritual searches. Growing up in Ireland at the turn of the century, the formation of an artist. Künstlerroman (A
Women made up some 85 percent of Athose executed old women, young women and children. In locale and timing, the most virulent witch hunts were associated with periods of great social upheaval shaking feodalism at its roots mass peasent uprising and conspiracies, the beginnings of capitalism, and the rise of Protestantism. There is fragmentary evidence which feminists ought to follorw up suggesting that in some areas witchcraft represented a female-led peasant rebellion. The history of the witches was recorded by the elite, so that today we know the witch only through the eyes of her persecutor. Two of the most common theories of the witch hunts are basically medical interpretations, attributing the the witch witch craze to unexplainable outbreaks of mass hysteria. One version has it that the peasantry went mad. According to this, the witch-craze was an epidemic of mass hatred and
Umar ibn alKhattab, a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr, who was Muhammad's intimate friend and collaborator. Others added their support and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and soninlaw, had been designated his successor. Abu Bakr's immediate task was to avenge a recent defeat by Byzantine (or Eastern Roman Empire) forces, although he first had to put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the Ridda wars, or "Wars of Apostasy". The territory of the Caliphate in 750His death in 634 resulted in the succession of Umar as the caliph, followed by Uthman ibn alAffan and Ali ibn Abi Talib. These four are known as al khulaf' arrshidn ("Rightly Guided Caliphs"). Under them, the territory under Muslim rule expanded deeply into Persian and Byzantine territories. When Umar was assassinated in 644, the election of Uthman as successor was met with
changed and feminist literature became more imaginative and complex; a return to common values can also be viewed, though there are few new ideas, instead mostly old ideas revisited. Angela Carter (1940-‐1992) – Bristol in the 1960s, in the middle of the atmosphere of rebellion. Bricolage – instance of intertextuality, i.e. shaping a text’s meaning in reference to other texts; often the elements do not match well. Shadow Dance – woman in a male dominated world. Travelled to Japan, experienced being the cultural “other”
completed his conquest of Gaul. But Gallic resistance was hard to break and was strengthened by help from Britain. Caesar led two military expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC. So the Romans became directly acquainted with Britain. In 54 BC Caesar advanced deep inland. His chief aim in invading Britain was to destroy the druids – influential Celtic priests who were the main organizers of help for the Gauls. He also knew that further conquests would boost his popularity in Rome. But a rebellion in Gaul forced him to withdraw from Britain. And the Civil War in Rome forced him to put off the idea indefinitely. The Conquest The Romans did not invade Britain again until nearly 100 years after Caesar’s two expeditions. A large Roman army landed there in 43 AD. The tribes of south- eastern Britain were defeated. The Romans then advanced northwards and westwards from London, building roads and establishing forts. They had little difficulty because
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