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How to calculate day of easter? It was decided to follow Rome Irish clergy left Northumbria and returned to Ireland Turning-point: all the Eng kingdoms could not be united under one primate Offa´s Dyke An enourmous linear earthwork, continuous barrier betwwen England and Wales, from sea to sea th Constructed in 8 C by king Offa- ruler of Anglian kingdom of Mercia Dyke was to place boundary between his domain and Welsh kingdom of Powys 20 m wide, 8 m high A defensive work, nowadays border still folllows the remains of Offas dyke Redwald Sutton Hoo Redwald was a king ofEast Anglia, whose burial was opened in 1939 at Sutton Hoo of the East Anglian coast Redwald was buried in a ship under a mound, with his armour, weapons, treasures Ceremonial whetstsone can be scarcely anything than a sceptre Treasure is now in British museum Alfred the Great and the rise of
and Julius Caesar never returned to Britain after that. The island was left undisturbed for nearly a century. *The Roman occupation of Britain 43-410 and its legacy Britain was conquered by Emperor Claudius, the Roman rule in England lasted up to 410. The Romans left behind a huge legacy: many types of animals and plants were brought to Britain in Roman times. Roman introduced theire measurements, Christianity, reading and writing. Also, many words in English and Welsh have been borrowed from the Latin language. An important legacy of the Romans was its roads, agriculture and cities. In the Roman times the land was dominated by rules and reguations. *Christianity in Roman Britain The Roman authorities were suspicious of Christianity because followers of Jesus Christ refused to take an oath of loyalty to the Roman emperor. For this reason the early Christians were regarded as dangerous enemies of the Empire. That
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court
They were fought in several spasmodic episodes between 1455 and 1485, although there was related fighting both before and after this period. The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who married Elizabeth of York, the daughter of the late Yorkist king Edward IV, to reconcile the two factions and founded the House of Tudor, which subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years, until the succession of the Scottish House of Stuart. 17. Tudor Absolutism The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship and Kingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until 1603. Its first monarch was Henry Tudor, a 4 descendant through his father, although ultimately not male line, of the rulers of the Welsh Kingdom
However, as he was filling civil and military posts with Catholic while the Protestants were being murdered, Parliament was so angered that it invited the Protestant William of Orange and Mary (James II's daughter) to take the Crown. This Glorious Revolution (1688) was accompanied by a Bill of Rights, which made it obligatory for the sovereign to rule with Parliament's assistance and outlawed Catholicism for all Englishman, including the King. In 1707 the Act of Union united English and Scottish Parliaments. The last monarch of the Stuarts was Queen Anne. The House of Hanover At the beginning of the 18th century the English parliament asked George of Hanover, a Protestant descendant of James I, to become king. George I was a controversial king who spent most of his time in Hanover, leaving the country in the care of the Cabinet. This was eventually headed by Sir Robert Walpole, Britain's first Prime Minister and the first to live at 10 Downing Street
In the end, Charles I was defeated and executed and Cromwell took up rule of the country, which became a republic. After Cromwell's death, the Stuarts returned to the throne. The House of Hanoverians (1714-1901): George I was a controversial king who left the country in care of the Cabinet. This was eventually headed by Sir Robert Walpole, Britain's first Prime Minister. The single greatest threat to George I came with the Scottish Jacobite Rebellions. However James Stuart was easily defeated and fled to Rome. During the reign of George III, Britain lost its American colonies and the United States was born. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, ended Napoleon Bonaparte's dream of world dominance in the Battle of Waterloo, Belgium, in 1783. Captain James Cook, a navigator and explorer, changed the map of the world and established footholds for British expansion and empire building during the 18th and 19th centuries
Mexico. Steady south-west winds blow across the current and bring warmth in winter. In summer, the ocean waters are cooler than the land. Winds over the waters come to Britain as refreshing breezes. The sea winds also bring plentiful rains. Britain is not as cold as most places so far north. Summers are mild, with daytime highs about 220C in the south, about 180C in Scotland. Winters are cool – night-time temperatures drop nearly to freezing, but rarely much below, except in the colder Scottish highland areas. Within Britain there are differences of climate and rainfall between north and south, east and west. The north is on average 5 0C cooler than the south. The heaviest rains fall in the highland areas of the west and north. The surface is varied too. The north and west are mountainous or hilly. Much of the south and east is flat or low- lying. That means that the south and east on the whole have better agricultural
Russian philology The meaning of the word "philology" is "love for word". This is love that unites teachers and researchers of modern and Classical languages and literature, interpreters and diplomats, journalists and publishers, writers and poets. Russian philologis are highly demanded in various spheres of scholarly research and education, in the mass media, in civil service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in archives, libraries, museums, in travel agencies, as well as Russian and international companies. Curriculum within in philological faculty includes courses of Russian and European languages and literature, courses of Linguistics and Theory of Literature for students to familiarize themselves with various schools and trends of Russian and foreign philology. The core curriculum also includes a number of Liberal Arts courses (Philosophy, History, Psychology, Pedagogy), as well as courses of basic mathematics and computer studies, and optional courses of science and the
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