Psychology 1 It is generally assumed that: Differential Psychology · People vary on a range of psychological attributes Ian Deary · It is possible to measure and study these individual differences · Individual differences are useful for explaining and predicting behaviour and performance Differential psychology reading Human Human · General
PSYCHOLOGY PART 1: CORE Biological level of analysis Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis. 1) Behavior can be innate, because it is genetically based. Evolution may play a key role in behavior. 2) Animals may be studied as a means of understanding human behavior. 3) There are biological correlates of behavior. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine system. Explain how principles of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. 1) Correlational studies: Study by Buss, who hypothesized that across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women because of greater reproductive capacity and women will place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential to provide survival advantages
see tähendab?) Avalik ruum ja tähendused · ...sügavad ja olulised seosed minu ja... ...mu lähedaste ..maailma ..väärtuste ...ajaloo ...tulevikuootuste ...maailmavaate ..unistuste jne vahel Individuaalselt tähenduslik ruum. Inimesed saavad vihaseks, kui tähenduslikele ruumidele kallale kiputakse Kui tähendustele apelleerimine ruumi tegelikku kujundajat ei mõjuta, millele siis rõhuda? · Füüsiline ja psühholoogiline tervis · Heaolu · Liikumine · Stress · Meeleolu · Tähelepanuressursi taastumine · Keskendumisvõime Examples: green areas and well- being · Nature, in comparison to urban environments, affect positively the mood (Hartig et al., 2003; Hartig, Mang, & Evans, 1991; Morita et al., 2007; Tsunetsugu et al. 2013), concentration and performance (van den Berg, Koole, & van der Wulp, 2003; Hartig et al. 2003, 1991; Laumann et al., 2003). · Studies exploring the relationship between physiological
ending (terminal) where it triggers the release of a neurotransmitter* and then disappears. ADRENALINE (U.S. - Epinephrine) – A hormone released by the adrenal medulla* and a neurotransmitter acting at the level of the autonomic nervous system and the brain. ADRENAL CORTEX – The outer layer of the adrenal, a small endocrine gland located near the kidney. It produces and secretes several hormones* (corticosteroids) e.g. cortisol. It is implicated in stress response. ADRENAL MEDULLA - The centre of the adrenal, a small endocrine gland located near the kidney. It produces and secretes noradrenaline and adrenaline for the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is implicated in stress response. AFFERENT – Carrying information towards a particular group of neurones (compare efferent*). AGONIST – A neurotransmitter or a drug which binds to a receptor and triggers a cascade of intracellular signalling leading to changes in the membrane potential
For many tumor types, such as lymphoma and mast cell tumors, diagnosis is usually easily achieved with cytology, and knowledge of the diagnosis prior to surgery augments treatment planning. For spindle cell tumors, such as fibrosarcoma or hemangiopericytoma, diagnostic cytologic samples are not always obtained, and a biopsy may need to be performed to achieve a definitive diagnosis. Useful characteristics of diagnostic tests Accuracy and Precision Accuracy is the measure of a test result's accordance with results determined by a gold standard. It is the frequency with which a given test correctly identifies a patient as having a disease, or put another way, how closely the mean of test data points accords to the mean of the reference standard. A test with high diagnostic accuracy has relatively few false results in comparison to true results. Precision is the measure of a test result's reproducibility. If repeated testing is performed on
More praise for Influence: Science and Practice! "We've known for years that people buy based on emotions and justify their buying decision based on logic. Dr. Cialdini was able, in a lucid and cogent manner, to tell us why this happens." --MARK BLACKBURN, Sr. Vice President, Director of Insurance Operations, State Auto Insurance Companies "Dr. Cialdini's ability to relate his material directly to the specifics of what we do with our customers and how we do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage"
the telephone had replaced face-to-face interviews as the dominate survey mode in the United States, and in the next decade telephone surveys became the major data collection method in many countries. Yet other methods were emerging and in the 1990s two additional modes of surveying— 3 the Internet and responding by telephone to prerecorded interview questions, known as Interactive Voice Response or IVR, emerged in some countries. Nevertheless, in some countries the face-to- face interview remained the reliable and predominantly used survey mode. Never in the history of surveying have their been so many alternatives for collecting survey data, nor has there been so much heterogeneity in the use of survey methods across countries. Heterogeneity also exists within countries as surveyors attempt to match survey modes to the
Who am I then? The one who sees that. The awareness that is prior to thought, the space in which the thought – or the emotion or sense perception – happens. Ego is no more than this: identification with form, which primarily means thought forms. If evil has any reality – and it has a relative, not an absolute, reality – this is also its definition: complete identification with form – physical forms, thought forms, emotional forms. This results in a total unawareness of my connectedness with the whole, my intrinsic oneness with every “other” as well as with the Source. This forgetfulness is original sin, suffering, delusion. When this delusion of utter separateness underlies and governs whatever I think, say, and do, what kind of world do I create? To find the answer to this, observe how humans relate to each other, read a history book, or watch the news on television tonight.
Stylistics is the study of style. However, for some reason, English stylistics is less developed than French, German or Russian. The term ,,stylistics"came into more common use in English only some 35 years ago. It was recorded much earlier; in 1882 as "the study of literary style, the study of stylistic features" Stylistics is a branch of linguistics that studies principles of selecting different linguistic means for passing on thoughts and emotions. It studies: · Different functional styles, styles of genres, individual styles · Expressive, emotional features of different language units Stylist--a writer or a speaker skilled in a literary style Stylistition--a scholar who studies stylistics The word "style" is applied to many things. A linguistic style is a variety of subsystem of lg with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical and phonetic features that are
.10 2 Introduction This chapter documents the advent and rise of automated essay scoring (AES) as a means of both assessment and instruction. The first section discusses what AES is, how it works, and who the major purveyors of the technology are. The second section describes outgrowths of the technology as it applies to on-going projects in measurement and education. In 1973, the late Ellis Page and colleagues at the University of Connecticut programmed the first successful automated essay scoring engine, "Project Essay Grade (PEG)" (1973). The technology was foretold some six years earlier in a landmark Phi Delta Kappan article entitled, "The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer" (Page, 1966). At the time the article was provocative and a bit outrageous, though in hindsight, it can only be deemed prophetic. As a former high school English teacher , Page was
lymph and also in maintaining body tempera- is protein (U.S. Department of Agriculture ture. All of these functions are dependent 2008). Protein makes up an average of 18.5% on cellular metabolism and the ability of the of the weight of the muscle, though that cell to maintain energy supplies. Few cells figure can range from 16 to 22%. Proteins are required to generate as much force and serve myriad functions and are the primary undergo as dramatic shifts in rate of metabo- solid component in muscle. The functions of lism as muscle cells. The ability of living proteins are quite varied. Muscle proteins are skeletal muscle to undergo relatively large
we call them). Stylistics has no fixed single unit of study. Stylistics studies everything that makes the utterance of the text expressive. STYLISTIC STUDIES Stylistics is regarded as a relatively new branch of philology, yet its roots go back as far as ancient Greece and Rome. In the 18th century there emerged an individualistic psychological view of style and stylistics. According to this view style bears the stamp of individual usage. The late 19th century and early 20th century saw the appearance of the pragmatic approach to stylistics: the tendency to regard stylistics as an applied science. It was believed that the chief aim of the stylistics is to improve the style of the reader, to teach him to express his thoughts better. In the 50s and 60s there was a rapid growth of interest in stylistics. The methods of structural linguistics were most popular in 70s and 80s.
grammatical, phonetic features that are used selectively and purposefully to express ideas in a given situation. Linguostylistics or linguistic stylistics Studies linguistic facts from the point of view of the ability to convey additional shades of meaning. Any act of speech that is both oral and written is meant to pass on information. There are 2 types: 1. the content as such 2. additional information The second one is expressed by emotional, emphatic shades of meaning that are attached to the main content. Stylistics studies this latter information type. Every speaker has experienced that the form of speech may vary depending on a speaker, the listener and the circumstances in which both find themselves. 2 Separate words neutral literary colloquial
ilmnevaid seaduspärasusi välja toov teadus • SP seosed teiste uurimistraditsioonidega: ajalooline psühholoogia ja antropoloogia, isiksusepsühholoogia, keskkonnapsühholoogia, sotsioloogia, kultuuriuuringud. • Sotsioloogiline SP ja psühholoogiline SP?! • SP rakendusvaldkonnad ja väljundid: juhtimine ja liidriksolek, mõjutamine/reklaam, kaasamine, koostöö, läbirääkimised, grupiteraapiad, konfliktilahendamine … • Social Psychology Network: http://www.socialpsychology.org/ Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931) Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) 2. Inimsuhete ajalooline areng Meenutuseks: meie ühine ajalugu Vanaisad: homo erectus (2,0mln) homo neandertalensis (0,2 mln) Vanaema: Australopithecus afarensis a human ancestor that had developed bipedalism, but which lacked the large brain of modern humans. Antropogeneesi õied From left to right, the FBI assigns the above individuals to the
A linguistic style (style in language) is a variety of subsystems of language with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical and phonetic features that are used selectively to express ideas in a given situation. Stylistics is a part of style; it studies principles of selecting and using different linguistic means (grammatical and phonetic) that serve to render shades of meaning. Stylistics studies different styles (4) and expressive emotional evaluative features of different linguistic units. Stylistics of language and of speech is not the same. The Stylistics of language studies different styles including registers, stylistic devices and expressive shades of linguistic units (words, construction of phrases). The Stylistics of speech studies individual texts viewing the way the message or content is expressed. Literary Stylistics concentrates on artistic expressiveness that
Genome wide analysis of orthologous clusters is an important component of comparative genomics studies. Identifying the overlap among orthologous clusters enables elucidation of the functions and evolution of proteins across multiple species. · Expression of SNARE3, SNARE5 and SNARE6 were differentially induced by P. triticina during compatible and incompatible interaction, · suggesting the possible involvement of these wheat SNARE genes in · response to leaf rust infection. Similarly, a Qc-SNARE domain containing plant specific SNARE in wheat TaSPY71 was differentially...... · · induced in response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici during both compatible and incompatible interactions . · Secretory processes are thought to help in defense response in plant-pathogen interaction. Site- specific, localized increase of an antimicrobial secondary metabolite (phytoalexin) was found in the apoplast of S
changes, these cannot be associated with formaldehyde exposure alone and are confounded by other air contaminants. Boysenet al.(1990) found no significant histopathology differences in nasal mucosa of 37 workers and 37 controls exposed to 0.5 ppm to over 2 ppm of formaldehyde. Mutagenicity In vitro, formaldehyde is able to induce gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells without (and also in presence of) external metabolic activation. DNA-protein crosslinks are a sensitive measure of DNA interaction by formaldehyde. In vivo, the overall evidence of available studies supports the conclusion that the genotoxic effects after exposure via relevant routes are limited to those cells which are in direct contact with formaldehyde and no effects are observed in distant-site tissues. This is consistent with formaldehyde's high reactivity with many cellular nucleophiles and its rapid metabolic degradation.
tage of to realize your dreams. The only real limits on what you can be, do, or have are the limits you place on yourself by your own thinking.Your future is virtually unlimited. ■ GET REAL! How did you react to the preceding three paragraphs? You probably had two responses. First, you liked what they said, and your fondest wish was for them to be true for you. But your second response was probably one of skepticism and disbelief. Even though you deeply xiii ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:23 PM Page xiv xiv ➤ INTRODUCTION desire to live a wonderfully healthy, happy, prosperous life, when you read those words, your doubts and fears arose immediately to remind you of reasons why these dreams and goals may not be pos-
· Self-actualization Only 1% of the population Why? Cognitive perspective · Focuses on how do we think or encode information and how do we see the world in general · Human behavior cannot be fully understood without analyzing how people acquire , store and process information. Biological perspective Neuroscience perspective · How do our biological features influence our way of thinking and behaving? · Focus on how the physical body and brain creates our emotions, memories and sensory experiences Why this little boy is wearing a costume? Explain from different perspectives! What approach is the best? · Combination of approaches · Some topics/issues have become dominated by a certain approach, so this will lead our thinking, but all should be in our consideration 21st century - holistic approach? Current trends in psychology · Fast development of applied research · Positive psychology Eastern philosophy influences (mindfulness)
Formal characteristics(11) · Open Form · Free verse · Discontinuous narrative · Juxtaposition (kõrvutamine) · Intertextuality · Classical allusions(vihje) · Borrowings from other cultures and languages · Unconventional(ebaharilik) use of metaphor · Metanarrative · Fragmentation · Multiple narrative points of view (parallax) Thematic characteristics(8) · Breakdown of social norms and cultural sureties(veendumus) · Dislocation(nihestus) of meaning and sense from its normal context · Valorization of the despairing individual in the face of an unmanageable future · Disillusionment (silmade avamine, illusioone purustama) · Rejection of history and the substitution of a mythical past, borrowed without chronology · Product of the metropolis, of cities and urbanscapes · Stream of consciousness
Stress What is stress? Physiologists define stress as how the body reacts to a stressor, real or imagined, a stimulus (erguti) that causes stress. Acute (terav) stressors affect an organism in the short term; chronic stressors over the longer term. The term stress was first employed in a biological context by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the 1930s The effects of stress: Alarm is the first stage. When the threat or stressor is identified or realized, the body's stress response is a state of alarm. During this stage adrenaline will be produced in order to bring about the fight-or-flight response (võitle või põgene) Resistance is the second stage. If the stressor persists (püsib), it becomes necessary to attempt some means of coping (toimetulemisega) with the stress. Although the body begins to try to adapt (kohanduma) to the strains (pinge) or demands (nõudmistega) of the environment, the
............................................................ 13 1.7. Fabrication .............................................................................................................. 14 1.8. Shop Drawing Review ............................................................................................ 16 1.9. Construction ............................................................................................................ 17 1.10. Industry Response ................................................................................................... 17 1.11. Summary ................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2: Methodology ............................................................................................. 22 2.1. Research Methodology ....................................................................................
[email protected] ABSTRACT Scholarship on backpackers speculates some individuals may extend backpacking to a way of life. This article empirically explores this proposition using lifestyle consumption as its framing concept and conceptualises individuals who style their lives around the enduring practice of backpacking as ‘lifestyle travellers’. Ethnographic interviews with lifestyle travellers in India and Thailand offer an emic account of the practices, ideologies and social identity that characterise lifestyle travel as a distinctive subtype within backpacking. Departing from the drifter construct, which (re)constitutes this identity as socially deviant, the concept of lifestyle allows for a contemporary appraisal of these individuals’ patterns of meaningful consumption and wider insights into how ongoing mobility can lead to different ways of understanding identities and relating to place. Keywords: lifestyle consumption; backpacker; mobility; drifter; identity
KRUMPING Recently developed street dance Formed of arms, legs, chest and head Energetic, exaggerated Inner emotions Easy to learn and practice Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Young people prefer Krumping Express emotions and thoughts by dance Start key: move your body freely to the music Result: tragic, emotional, furious The liberation of stress and frustration It brings benefits for the mind and body People believed in negative actions Young people feel more free and are more peaceful The effects of Krumping are highly beneficial Own slang terms `Buck' extremely impressive and hard to pulloff `Labbin' members try to create new buck moves Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level
technologies or tasks that are expected to offer better prospects for economic growth or societal welfare than would occur in the absence of such intervention. Innovation policy measures: demand and supply sides Supply-side: Finance Equity support – public venture capital funds Mixed or subsidized private venture funds, Loss underwriting and guarantees Tax incentives Fiscal measures - Corporation tax reduction for volume or increment in R&D Reductions in employers payroll tax and social contributions Personal tax incentives for R&D workers. Support for public sector research – University funding laboratory funding Collaborative grants, Strategic programmes for industry Support for contract research Equipment sharing. Support for training & mobility – Tailored courses for firms Entrepreneurship training, Subsidised secondments, Industrial research studentships, Support for recruitment of scientists.
applied. Typical conditioning cycle comprises washing with 1 M NaOH, then 0.1 M NaOH, and finally filling the buffer. Before each analysis are performed only the last two steps. Another method consists in washing with a strong acid or with organic solvents such as methanol, dimethylsulfoxide or detergents. Thermal regulation A strong dependence of the input volume and the migration time of the viscosity necessitates thermostation with accuracy ± 0.1 °C using a water or air bath. Although thermostating in liquid is more efficient, air flow of about 10 m / s are suitable for heat dissipation in HECE to 5 W / m. Air temperature control is technically feasible easier, so almost everywhere this method is used
sender and a receiver. C happens through the use of words+ non-verbal factors (eg facial expressions and gestures). Stereotype is a fixed idea or image that many people have of a prticular type of person or thing, but which is not true in reality. The word comes from printing (describes the printing plate used to produce the same image over and over again). Culture shock: is precipitated (caused) by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of our social intercourse. Symptoms: Excessive washing of the hands. Excessive concern over drinking water, food, dishes and bedding. Fear of physical contact with attendants and servants. The absent, far-away stare (the tropical stare). A feeling of helplessness. Delay or refusal to learn the lg of the host country. Excessive fear of being cheated. Excessive concern over minor pains. Terrible longing to be back home. Reverse CS- re-entry shock- the unexpected confrontation with the familiar.
Its chief values were: Liberty, Democracy, Republicanism, Religious Tolerance. The movement gained momentum with the publication of landmark texts like Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason, and the Jefferson Bible, but the most influential thinker was undoubtedly John Locke, whose ideas spread to the colonies and across Europe. Main Ideas of the American Enlightenment: The Enlightenment caused a shift in the cultural and social attitudes of the people, bringing in some new and radical ideas. Republicanism: The doctrine of republicanism asserts a system of a government that is elected by the people of the nation. The roots of this ideology go back to ancient Greece, when the concept of a democratic government was examined by philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Individual Liberty: "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" developed as the motto of this era, which forms the cornerstone of the U.S
authors at every mention. If a reference list includes publications by two or more authors with the same surname, then give the initials of these authors in the text citations to avoid confusion [e.g. P. Smith 2000]. Give multiple citations chronologically, e.g. (Skinner 1968, 1970, 1972a, 1972b, 1974) and (Jones, 1970; Smith, 1972, Hartley, 1974). Make citations of a particular page, figure, table etc. at the appropriate point in the text rather than in the reference list. Such a precise indication helps the reader locate this material more easily. When such citations are made in parentheses, use 1 commas and not brackets to set the date e.g. (Skinner, 1972, Ch. 5) and (Hunt, 1977, pp251-253).
valves or rhythm, but most conditions are caused by the hardening or clogging of arteries. Coronary artery disease is associated with the hardening of arteries that supply blood to heart muscle and is, in most cases, preventable and even treatable as it’s often found to be caused by poor lifestyle choices.1 These lifestyle choices include unhealthy dietary choices, lack of exercise and cigarette smoking. Other risk factors appear to be diabetes, high blood pressure, stress and history of heart disease running in the family. 2 A plant based diet is solely based on foods that are derived from plants. Individuals who follow a plant based diet exclude all animal products from their diet. They don’t consume any meat, dairy products or eggs, as well as other products that are either derived from animal sources, or are processed and contain traces of those products. A plant-based diet
ELLIPSIS or ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES means leaving out one or both principle members of the sentence that is the subject or predicate. NT: Where is the man I'm going to marry? - Out in the garden. (no subject) What is he doing out there? - Annoying father. Here, in the dialogue, ellipsis creates the colloquial tone of the utterance. It also renders realistically the way the characters speak. The elliptical sentences convoy/render carelessness, familiarity, harshness. It makes the utterance tens and emotional or helps to stress most important elements. NT: I went to Oxford, as one goes to exile; she to London. APOSIOPESIS (Greek - silence) it is called break-in-the-narrative. APOSIOPESIS is an unfinished sentence where the speaker or writer suddenly stops in the middle, as if unable or unwilling to proceed. A indicates strong emotions, paralyzing the speaker or his desire to conceal part of information
people, our revolutionaries had no weapons, only they were brave, to go out and get thousands killed to get freedom for us all' (Murphy, 1992, p. 41; italics mine); `You see, that's how we are, a very emotional people. We're part Greek, part Dacian, part Latin' (Hoffman, 1999, p. 243). In their cultural interaction with the foreign visitors, the natives always position themselves as friends, rather than mere service-providers. It is in this naively self-
give the construction industry one of the worst public images among the industrial sectors (Egan 1998; Koskela 2000; Santos 1999). The Centre for Integrated Facility Engineering, headed by Paul Teicholz at Stanford University, conducted research on labour productivity in the construction industry. The productivity of the construction industry in the US was studied in comparison with all non-farm industries over a period of forty years, from 1964 to 2003, as shown in the following figure. Figure 1.1 Labour productivity index for US construction industry and all non-farm industries from 1964 through 2003, source Teicholz 2003. Figure 1.1 shows that the construction industrys productivity has declined over the last four decades, while the productivity of non-farm industries has more than doubled. This means that more work per one dollar needs to be carried out in 2004 than needed to be carried out in 1960 to achieve the same results
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