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Haridusfilosoofia Dewey (0)

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Lugege Dewey 'i raamatu peatükki 7. Esiteks püüdke aru saada, mis on Dewey põhiideed selles peatükis. Teiseks, mõelge kuidas ta esitleb ja mida arvab ajaloolistest autoritest. Kolmandaks , kuidas see seostub sellega, millest esimeses loengus rääkisime haridusest üldiselt.
Seitsmendas peatükis Dewey arutleb kogemusliku hariduse üle. Kuidas valitud teema peab langema tavalise elukogemuse ulatusse ja siis peaks eelnev elukogemus aitama sel teemal areneda täiuslikumaks ja rohkem arenumaks. Dewey toob välja selle, et hariduses on tavaline see, et õpe algab selle õpetamisega, mida õppijad juba teavad, kuid raskem ülesanne on see teadmine ja kogemus juba edendada rohkem täiuslikumasse ja organiseeritumasse vormi.
Õpetaja väljakutse seisneb nende kogemuste välja valimises millel oleks potentsiaali ja mis lubaksid presenteerida uusi probleeme mis julgustaksid õppijaid teistmoodi jälgima ja otsustama ning lõpuks laiendama uue ja edasise kogemuse ulatust.
Traditsiooniline haridus keskendub teemadele, mis on valitud ja korraldatud täiskasvanute poolt ja mida nad peavad noortele tulevikus kasulikuks osutuvat. Õppematerjal oli seotud minevikuga ja mis oli kasulik eelnevatele põlvedele. Teisest küljest, progressiivne haridus oma püüdlustes püüda vabaks murda end lõigatud ja kuivast materjalist, mis moodustas traditsioonilise hariduse, ei suutnud ära tunda seda, et teema valik ja selle organiseeritus on õppimise puhul esmatähtis. Dewey väidab, et väljapääs vanast haridussüsteemist on kasutada minevikku tänapäeva mõistmiseks.
Dewey arvab, et õppeprotsessis on õpetaja vastutusel kaks järgnevat tulemust: esiteks, probleem kasvab välja õppijate hetkekogemuse piiridest. Teiseks, uuritav probleem on piisavalt tähtis, et motiveeriks õppijaid otsima rohkem vastavat informatsiooni ja stimuleeriks looma uusi ideid. Need kaks tulemust saavad edasise kogemuse aluseks, mille toel saan õpetaja püstitada uusi probleeme. See õppeprotsess peaks võtma lõputu spiraali kuju.
Et selgitada põhimõtet, mille kohaselt on tänapäeval seos minevikuga, kasutab Dewey loodusteadusi, sest tänapäevane ühiskondlik on selline nagu ta on, füüsiliste teaduse(astronoomina, füüsika, keemia jne) uurimistulemuste ja kohandamiste tõttu. Dewey kohaselt on hariduse põhiprintsiip see, et õpetajad peaksid loodusteadusi ja selle seaduspärasusi ning toimimist õpetama koostöös läbi igapäevaelus kasutatavate seadmete, mis tarbivad elektrit, kütet ja valgust.
To exemplify the principle of the linkage of the present with past, Dewey (1938) uses the example of natural science because contemporary social life is how we know it because of the application and results of physical science. He affirms that it is a sound educational principle that educators should introduce learners to scientific subject matter and its facts and laws through the familiarity with everyday social applications such as the use of appliances that utilize electricity, heat , and light . Dewey (1938) explains:
The scientific method is the only authentic means at our command for getting at the significance of our everyday experiences of the world in which we live . It means that scientific method provides a working pattern of the way in which and the conditions under which experiences are used to lead ever onward and outward. . . . Consequently, whatever the level of experience , we have no choice but either to operate in accord with the pattern it provides or else to neglect the place of intelligence in the development and control of a living and moving experience. (p. 88)
Dewey (1938) points out that an experience that does not tend to the knowledge of facts, the acquisition of new ideas , and to the orderly arrangement of them , is an experience that is not educative. He affirms the idea that the principle of organization is not foreign to experience, but rather they go together. Otherwise, experience would become so scattered, it would seem chaotic (p. 82).
In order for experiences to be educational, they must extend into an expanding world of subject matter consisting of facts, information, and ideas. The educator must view teaching and learning as a continuous process of reconstructing experience. This occurs only when the educator can look to the future with the perspective of viewing each present experience as a moving force that influences future experiences (Dewey, 1938, p. 87). The challenges for the educator are in the formation of ideas, putting those ideas into action , observing the conditions that result , and in organizing facts and ideas for future use (Dewey, p. 88).
Haridusfilosoofia Dewey #1 Haridusfilosoofia Dewey #2
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Leheküljed ~ 2 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
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Haridusfilosoofia aine, TÜ, 1. seminari küsimused ja vastused

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