Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "EXAM - English literature 2 ". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
cult, poet, class, natur, poetry, nature, court, count, nation, rest, classical, land, sens, cultural, king, them, idea, religio, augustan, work, critic, 18th, country, express, could, verse, person, ideal, 17th, change, english, satire, essay, novel, hero, subject, language, religious, feeling, political, between, than, century, sexual, garden, earlmetaphors. He only has one sonnet that conforms to traditional rules; his songs are not lyrical at all. He introduces sex, death and erotic love into poetry. John Milton (1608–74) – poet; introduced the blank verse into English poetry. Best known for epic poem Paradise Lost; story of the fall of man and the eventual expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Literature after the Restoration (of Monarchy in 1660) – rich and many-‐sided, covering
Denial of conventions, traditional structure, plot and presentation of character. The stream of consciousness. Allusiveness. Virginia Woolf's Modern Fiction as a theoretical platform for Modernism. Criticism of Realist literary method. Literary modernism: end of the 19th century-1920 (reached its height) and ended 1940s. A self- conscious break with traditional aesthetic forms. Rejecting the sentiment and discursiveness typical of Romanticism and Victorian literature for poetry that instead favored precision (täppis) of imagery and clear, sharp language. Modernist writers embraced the unconscious fears of a darker humanity. Sub movements: surrealism, formalism, avant-garde, symbolism, imagism Structuralism: Writers used myth and music as a part of the books structure. J. Joyce "Ulysses". Deep structure is the same as in "odyssey" and T.S. Elliot "the fisher king"-more complicated experiment
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) playwright, actor, poet 37 plays, over 400 screen adaptions Lord Chamberlain's Men, King's Men, The Globe Early life: John Shakespeare, Mary Arden, 2 sis', 3 bros; married Anne Hathaway 3 children Life in London: 1599 built Globe, 1623 first compilation Forms: classical & history plays, comedies+tragedies, poetry Style: metaphors, rhetorical phrases, free flow of words, unrhymed iambic pentameter; deviations Renaissance (end of 14th century) Italy, reaches rest of Europe Elizabethan era (16th II h - 17th I h) Theatre: combined medieval theatre, morality plays & Roman drama to create Elizabethan tragedy Poetry: Italian influences, sonnet (English: cddc ee) Rulers of England: Henry VII (brings prosperity, repairs economic situation; made alliances); Henry
The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony, it would be the American Enlightenment. Broadly, the Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that changed the fundamental
colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John Donne and the metaphysical poets. All 17 th cent Am writings were, both in content and form, similar to English lit of the same period. The great literary figures of the 18th cent were Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826).
1. Beowulf. The dating of Beowulf is still controversial. The poem is one of the earliest and greatest monuments of the Germanic literatures. The main stories of the poem (the fights of B.) are versions of common folk-tales, but the poet also introduces many incidental stories, some of which belong to the world of ancient Germanic legend. He writes his folk-tales and legends in a web of other events, mainly set in the Baltic Kingdoms. He shows a very rich and leisurely portrayal of this Baltic world, providing many customs like the close relationship between lord and man in the war-band and others. All this encouraged the supposition that the unknown author of the poem was himself a bard of the ancient type
new markets and endless supply of raw materials; 1845- potato famine in Ireland, 1846- Corn Laws (import of cheap corn to feed hungry people); Social life: religious doubts (Darwin's The Origin of Species 1859)- question raised: is there a God at all?; sexual liberation- changed people thoughts about sex (before men & women had different bedrooms); problems: alcoholism, prostitution, child workforce, primitive technology. · How did the class structure change? Highest class was aristocracy (the Church and the nobility); the middle class/the bourgeoisie (shopkeepers, merchants, lawyers, businessmen etc.) was the biggest class; and the lowest class "the working class" and "the poor"; new change was the upward mobility people could become richer and move upward in social classes (to higher class); huge boost of the middle and working class; after industrial revolution there was
environment. Over the last few centuries, the development of society and its political upshots have produced agendas for linguistic inquiry and discourse on language, some of which have had an impact on the development of Russian and contingent languages and their social functions, as well as on the development of linguistics as a global discipline. Six such agendas can be pinpointed: (1) the Orthodox emancipation agenda (1600-1700), (2) the Russian nation building agenda (1700-present), (3) the scientific agenda (1860-present), (4) the Marxist agenda (1917-1989), (5) the Eurasian agenda (1920-1935), (6) the cybernetic agenda (1953-1975). Russian language Russian language is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine and Latvia, and to a lesser extent, the other post-Soviet
Major events on world history at that time: · Industrial revolution · In America the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 · The French Revolution, 1789 · The King of England was George III, after him George IV and then Queen Victoria Outcomes: · Revolution did not bring welfare · Lives of the lower-classes worsened · Extended the distance between the lower and upper class · The rich got richer, the poor got poorer 2. Romanticism is a reaction against classicism, science and atomic (aesthetic ideal of order and unity) worldview. Romantic ideal is the organic world. Romanticism: · Returns to nature and belief in the goodness of mankind · Exaltation of the senses and emotion overcome reason and intellect is the time when novels became more important · Imagination is very important, it is a God-like creator (W
· Unable to determine his own faith · Hereditary · Naturalists tried to apply in fiction the processes of natural sciences · Writers task is to record facts, systems of behaviour, living conditions, never revealing any natural unbiased (completely natural) · Point of view: amoral-outside the category of morality, neither good or bad · Naturalist find it absurd to blame the wicked. These criminals are doing what nature, environment, their unconscious tells them to do. Naturalists do not judge their characters, they simply report. Try to describe facts like they are. Naturalists depict the lower, coarser forms of life. · Drab, squallid set of scene. Revolting, disgusting · Characters are people with strong animal desires · Neurotic characters unable to understand the forces that control them
1. What does the word ,,renaissance mean? Characterize briefly the period called the Renaissance. "The rebirth" from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere "be born") Rebirth of scholarship based on classical learning and philosophy. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed a revival of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. (wikipedia)Bridge between Medieval Ages and Modern Era. 2. Where did the Renaissance start and why? In the opening years of the 14th century, there began to develop in Italy and increasing interest in the manuscripts that had survived from ancient Greece and Rome
Latin was generally considered to be the language of serious writing. Religious lyrics also made an appearance at this time. Throughout the Middle Ages ballads, short folk tales that tell stories, were very popular. THE RENAISSANCE: The Literary Background 16th century, - humanism. Thomas More- brought it to England and he was arrested because he refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as the Head of the Church. Elizabeth's reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity, and both the court and the emerging middle class dedicated a lot of time to art and literature. W. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, E. Spencer 88. . Spenser's belief that poetry should deal with subjects far removed from everyday life and should be written in refined language unlike that which was used by common people became the basic principle for poetry throughout much of the Elizabethan period. CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1564-1593, born in Canterbury, was working for the government. Also wrote
19) In 1781 David exhibited his painting Belisarius, which was based on a legend of Belisarius, who was a victorious and noble military general falsely accused of betrayal. (Rosenblum, Woldemar, 1984, p.25) Same misfortune happened to one general in France: "The legend was especially popular in the late eighteenth century, not only because of its dramatic ingredient of grim misfortune, but because it offered a historical counterpart to the contemporary scandal of a French general, the Count de Lally, who, after mismanaging a French expedition to India, was wrongly convicted of treason and executed in 1766, but then officially exonerated in 1781, the year of David's painting. It was the kind of parallel between contemporary events and distant history that David's art would evoke more and more as the Revolution approached."(Rosenblum, Woldemar, 1984, p.25) Although, the painting is not specifically created to represent the French Revolution, its theme
Philip Larkin’s Poetry: Themes, Form, Style, Imagery and Symbolism Author: Sandra Olivares González Tutor: Jesús Marín Calvarro Degree in English Studies, English Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Extremadura Cáceres, 29th January 2016 Philip Larkin’s Poetry: Themes, Form, Style, Imagery and Symbolism The aim of this work is to obtain some characteristics of the poetry of Philip Larkin, such us the origin of his themes, the way in which he writes his poems and the symbolism he uses (which is a very controversial topic because some assume that he does use it, while some others say that he uses it in an ironic way). In this work we tried to make a revision on the vision of Larkin through the studies that had been made on
PRONOUNS: instead of "I" the speaker may use: "one", "you" to create a close contact with the reader or listener. In colloquial speech the same effect is achieved by "man", "chap", "fellow". The speaker may use pronouns "he / she" meaning himself as if viewing himself from the distance and focusing more attention on the speaker. The archaic second personal pronoun "thou" and its forms may be used to create an elevated mood in poetry. In prose they may convey historical background. "It", "he", "she" may be involved in personification (e.g. "The Moon smiled her smile."). "We" may be used to denote only a speaker. "We" the Majestic Plural that is used in king or queen's orders or manifesto. The Modest Plural is when "we" is used out of modesty as if involving the audience, and it creates a true to life effect. "They" becomes emotional when used independently
American literature The literary history of this nation when the first humanbeing living in what has since become the U.S used language creatively. · Mid to late 18 century put down · Words are powerful, magical · Words must be remembered · Native Americans stories creation of the world · Attidude thought their land/language · Similar stories Dates and names · America was discovered in 1492 by Columbus · 1497 John Cabot went to Canada
The first Estonian book was published in 1525; in 1996 2,234 books and booklets were published in Estonian. The first film company began in 1920. A National Broadcasting Company was established in 1924, and Estonian Television in 1955. Unique in their dimensions and popularity, with up to 30,000 singers and audiences over 200,000, are the traditional Song Festivals, which began in Tartu in 1869: they vividly express the feeling of oneness within the nation. For further detailed information, please consult: Statistical Yearbook of Estonia 1997. Statistical Yearbook of Estonia 2000. Life in Estonia. Handbook 2005. Ambassador Collection. Statistical Yearbook of Estonia 2006. FOREWORD This book is first and foremost written by a composer. I am of the opinion that it is a creative individual that must take on this hard task: realising it, presumably, more profoundly as he stands nearer to the Source of all sources from which all the innermost
Phonetic SD ("Rhythm And Style") 8. Lexical SD* 9. Syntactic SD* Use lecture notes 10. Graphical means and devices 11. Common literary and common colloquial vocabulary 12. Special literary vocabulary 13. Special colloquial vocabulary 14. Metre in English poetry. Modifications of metre ("Rhythm and Text") 15. Typically English stanzas ("Rhythm and Text") 16. Rhythm in poetry and in prose ("Rhythm and Text") Study independently 17. Varieties of language (I. Galperin "Stylistics") 18. Emotive prose (I. Galperin "Stylistics") 19. Scientific prose style (I. Galperin "Stylistics")
Tragedies Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Othello, the Moor of Venice, King Lear, Macbeth, Anthony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus all written duing his pessimistic period, except for R/J. Within his tragedies Shakesy acts as a severe critic of the Renaissance, the difference betwen its ideals and the reality. Also, slave trade. The main character was in most cases a noble figure in a difficult situations. Shakespeare shows the weakness of his characters nature. Evil forces are only victorious to a certain extent, however in the end vitue wins. Real political and social world, the influence of the environment and history on characters. Nature is an anemey in his tragedies. Othello, The Moor of Venice love's fight against racial discrimination. Othello is a talented, intelligent military leader; Iago is his jealous enemy; Desdemano is O's wife.
" Or, "The smallpox virus is in itself neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value." Again, "Firearms are in themselves neither good nor bad; it is the way they are used that determines their value." That is, if the slugs reach the right people firearms are good. If the TV tube fires the right ammunition at the right people it is good. I am not being perverse. There is simply nothing in the Sarnoff statement that will bear scrutiny, for it ignores the nature of the medium, of any and all media, in the true Narcissus style of one hypnotized by the amputation and extension of his own being in a new technical form. General Sarnoff went on to explain his attitude to the technology of print, saying that it was true that print caused much trash to circulate, but it had also disseminated the Bible and the thoughts of seers and philosophers. It has never occurred to General Sarnoff that any technology could do anything but add itself on
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman who travels in Europe, of his love of noble deeds, speaks of the shortness of life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widsith · The other known song Deor's Lament. Can be called the first English lyrics, about 40 lines
Literature of the 14th century The highpoint of medieval literature, the best writer of late medieval lived then. William Langland 1332-1376 the last important poet of alliterative verse. His masterpiece "The Vision of Piers Ploughman" how important working hard is, the labour of peasants is the base of the welfare of the people. A passionate protest against social injustice. A time when peasants were slowly rising against their feudal lords. Descriptions of different social classes. Religious mysticism. Two great principles: 1) all men are equal before God; 2) honest labour is dignified. It is a dream allegory
The Life of Dante, the Inferno of Dante Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest poets of the Middle Ages, was born in Florence, Italy on June 5, 1265. He was born to a middle-class Florentine family. At an early age he began to write poetry and became fascinated with lyrics. During his adolescence, Dante fell in love with a beautiful girl named Beatrice Portinari. He saw her only twice but she provided much inspiration for his literary masterpieces. Her death at a young age left him grief-stricken. His first book, La Vita Nuova, was written about her. Sometime before 1294, Dante married Gemma Donati. They had four children. Dante was active in the political and military life of Florence.
Civil War till C20 General Trends. Borrowing from Europe gave late-C19 American art an eclectic appearance. Art activity was strengthened after the Civil War by way of museums, institutions and art schools; also in the increase of artists, 2 collectors and dealers. Two styles arose, namely Realism and Romanticism. The former was dominant. Many artists studied and lived abroad. Some of Whistler's work has an abstract nature. In late-C19, Munich became the attraction for artists. Still-life was barely accepted but trompe-l'oeil still-life painting bloomed after the war. Realism. Exemplary artists. Mary Cassatt (late-C19). She was influenced by Degas' Impressionism and Japanese art. She was self-taught. She often painted her figure groups from above, objects run out of the edges of the composition (similar to photography). She also displayed the theme of woman-and-child and with warmth and tenderness.
Civil War till C20 General Trends. Borrowing from Europe gave late-C19 American art an eclectic appearance. Art activity was strengthened after the Civil War by way of museums, institutions and art schools; also in the increase of artists, 2 collectors and dealers. Two styles arose, namely Realism and Romanticism. The former was dominant. Many artists studied and lived abroad. Some of Whistler's work has an abstract nature. In late-C19, Munich became the attraction for artists. Still-life was barely accepted but trompe-l'oeil still-life painting bloomed after the war. Realism. Exemplary artists. Mary Cassatt (late-C19). She was influenced by Degas' Impressionism and Japanese art. She was self-taught. She often painted her figure groups from above, objects run out of the edges of the composition (similar to photography). She also displayed the theme of woman-and-child and with warmth and tenderness.
One of the most important developments in the western intellectual tradition was the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was nothing less than a revolution in the way the individual perceives [ tajub ] the world. As such, this revolution was primarily an epistemological revolution it changed man's thought process. It was an intellectual revolution a revolution in human knowledge. Even more than Renaissance scholars who discovered man and Nature, the scientific revolutionaries attempted to understand and explain man and the natural world. Thinkers such as the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus(14731543), the French philosopher René Descartes(15961650) and the British mathematician Isaac Newton(16421727) overturned the authority of the Middle Ages and the classical world. And by authority I am not referring specifically to that of the Church the demise of its authority was already well under way even before the
aligned to present an open view into Wales from along its length. As originally constructed, it must have been about 27 metres wide and 8 metres from the ditch bottom to the bank top. *Redwald and Sutton Hoo Redwald was a rich, influential pagan warrior. He kept both a Christian and a pagan altar in his temple. It seems that he had a last lapse into paganism before his death, for he was burried in the great Sutton Hoo ship burial. The burial site in Sutton Hoo was discovered near his royal court in Suffolk. Only the impression of the wooden vessel remained, but the treasure buried with the king contains a splendid amount of imported silver, jewellery and coins from France. *Alfred the Great and the rise of Wessex to cultural pre-eminence He is said to be one of the best kings ever to rule mankind. He was the king of Wessex. He defended Anglo-Saxon England from the Danes, formulated a code of laws and improved military skill. He limited
writers, he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters, and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Portsmouth in Hampshire, the second of eight children to John Dickens n 7 February 1812. The 12-year-old Dickens began working ten hour days in a Warren's boot-blacking factory. In May 1827, Dickens began work in the office of Ellis and Blackmore as a law clerk. At the age of seventeen, he became a court stenographer and, in 1830, met his first love, Maria Beadnell. Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and effectively ended the relationship when they sent her to school in Paris. In 1834, Dickens became a political journalist, reporting on parliamentary debate and traveling across Britain by stagecoach to cover election campaigns for the Morning Chronice. His journalism, in the form of sketches which appeared in periodicals from 1833, formed his
Although jealously guarding their privileges, the knighthoods still never became entirely closed. Between sessions of a Diet, the legislative power of the knighthoods belonged to the Council of the Diet. The towns were governed by the Town Councils, which supplemented their ranks from among the representatives of merchants and lawyers. The citizens and the inhabitants of a town did not coincide -- most of the population had no civic rights. The lower class mainly consisted of Estonians. While an special status secured the supremacy of the Baltic knighthood and the German upper classes in towns, it considerably aggravated the legal and social situation of Estonians. It can be said that the pre-nationhood Landesstaat, with its strict social structure, effectively prevented Estonians from becoming Germans. Considering their relatively small number, the beneficiaries of the Landesstaat were
are considered to be the closest to perfection of all humans, and are uniquely the recipients of divine revelation--either directly from God or through angels. The Qur'an mentions the names of numerous figures considered prophets in Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, among others. Islamic theology says that all of God's messengers since Adam preached the message of Islam--submission to the will of the one God. Islam is described in the Qur'an as "the primordial nature upon which God created mankind", and the Qur'an states that the proper name Muslim was given by Abraham. As a historical phenomenon, Islam originated in Arabia in the early 7th century. Islamic texts depict Judaism and Christianity as prophetic successor traditions to the teachings of Abraham. The Qur'an calls Jews and Christians "People of the Book" (ahl alkitb), and distinguishes them from polytheists. Muslims believe that parts of the previously revealed
Latin, works in Old, Middle, and Modern English, each of which represents a different period Full of great works British works in Latin Venerable Bede He lived between 673 and 735 AD The greatest of all the AngloSaxon scholars He's the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown ,,The Father of English History" Wrote / translated about 40 books on almost every area of knowledge, i.e. nature, astronomy, and poetry His best known work is "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People" Starting with the Roman invasion in the 5th century, he recorded the history of the English up to his own day Old English Cædmon ,,The Father of English Hymn" Cædmon's Hymn is the oldest recorded Old English poem, and also one of the oldest surviving samples of Germanic alliterative verse The Hymn itself was composed between 658 and 680, recorded in the earlier part of the 8th century Middle English
are everywhere. There are buildings of all styles and periods. A great number of museums and galleries display precious and interesting finds from all parts of the world and from all stage in the development of nature, man and art. London is one of the leading world centres for music, drama, opera and dance. Festivals held in towns and cities throughout the country attract much interest. Many British playwrights, composers, sculptors, painters, writers, actors, singers and dancers are known all over the world. Musical culture of Great Britain The music of the United Kingdom, which is part of British music, refers to all forms of music associated with the United Kingdom since its creation.
The Renaissance In the history the Middle Ages were followed by the Renassance period. During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485
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