. . . . . . . .1 Contact breaker points adjustment - models with contact Manual transmission oil level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 breaker distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Oil filler cap cleaning - OHV and HCS engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Contact breaker points renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Rear brake shoe lining check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Coolant renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Road test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Crankcase emission control filter renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Roadwheel check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
· Bonnet/hood : UK (US hood) the metal cover over the part of a car where the engine is I looked under the bonnet and clouds of smoke poured out. (KAPOTT) · Bonnet/hood latch: a type of mechanical fastener that is used to join two (or more) objects or surfaces together while allowing for the regular or eventual separation of the objects or surfaces. · Bumper: a horizontal bar along the lower front and lower back part of a motor vehicle to help protect it if there is an accident. (AMORTISAATOR/PÕRKERAUD) · Unexposed bumper can´t be seen · Exposed bumper can be seen · Cowl screen: (KAITSEVÕRE) · A cowling: is the covering of a vehicle's engine, most often found on automobiles and aircraft. (KAPOTT) A cowling may be used: · for drag reduction · for engine cooling by directing airflow · as an air intake for jet engines
In high-altitude situations, where engine performance deteriorates because the air has low density and pressure, a supercharger delivers higher-pressure air to the engine so it can operate optimally. Unlike turbochargers, which use the exhaust gases created by combustion to power the compressor, superchargers draw their power directly from the crankshaft. Most are driven by an accessory belt, which wraps around a pulley that is connected to a drive gear. The drive gear, in turn, rotates the compressor gear. The rotor of the compressor can come in various designs, but its job is to draw air in, squeeze the air into a smaller space and discharge it into the intake manifold. To pressurize the air, a supercharger must spin rapidly -- more rapidly than the engine itself. Making the drive gear larger than the compressor gear causes the compressor to spin faster. Superchargers can spin at speeds as high as 50,000 to 65,000 rotations per minute (RPM).
or port or starboard engine rooms, or may be simply numbered. 1.1)Main engine The engine room of a motor vessel typically contains several engines for different purposes. Main, or propulsion engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, and may be able to switch between the two. There are many propulsion arrangements for motor vessels, some including multiple engines, propellers, and gearboxes. Large engines drive electrical generators that provide power for the ship's electrical systems. Large ships typically have three or more synchronized generators to ensure smooth operation. The combined output of a ship's generators is well above the actual power requirement to accommodate maintenance or the loss of one generator. 1.1.1)Diesel engine The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine) is an internal combustion
Engine 1. Distribution of weight Raskuse jaotamine 2. Belt Rihm 3. Chain Kett 4. To keep breaking Pidevalt katkema 5. Effort Jõupingutus 6. Currently Käesoleval ajal 7. Option Valik 8. Advantage Eelis 9. All-wheel-drive Täisvedu / nelivedu 10. To power Tööle panama 11. To control Kontrollima 12. Interrelationship Tihe seos 13. Power plant Jõuseade 14. Power train Jõuülekandesüsteem 15. Power transmission Jõuülekanne 16. Running gear Veermik 17. Control system Juhtsüsteem 18. Subsystem Allsüsteem 19. Fuel system Toitesüsteem 20. Exhaust system Väljalaskesüsteem 21. Lubrication system Õlitussüsteem 22. Cooling system Jahutussüsteem 23. Drive system veosüsteem 24. Clutch sidur 25. Differential Diferentsiaal 26
Cooling oil is supplied through a telescopic pipe to the crosshead, then passed through a bore in the foot of the piston rod and on through the cooling oil pipe in the piston rod to the piston crown. The oil is passed on through a number of bores in the piston crown and to the space around the cooling oil pipe in the piston rod. From the bore in the piston rod foot, the oil is led through the crosshead to a discharge pipe and to a slotted pipe inside the engine frame as well as through a control device for checking the flow. The piston rod foot rests on the crosshead and is secured to it by means of four screws. VOCABULARY piston crown kolvipea piston skirt kolvihõlm, kolvi juhtpind screw kruvi, polt; kruvima , , ; heat-resistant kuumus-, kuumakindel , piston ring kolvirõngas cut lukk forge sepistama telescopic pipe teleskooptoru piston rod foot kolvisääre tald
heavier trucks, buses, and trains. Together, gasoline and diesel make up 86 percent of all the energy used in transportation. There is currently a push to develop vehicles that run on fuels other than petroleum products, or on blended fuels. Today, there are some vehicles that run on electricity, natural gas, propane, and ethanol. Hybrid-electric vehicles combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors, reducing the amount of fuel required for moving a vehicle. This is why hybrid-electric vehicles can get more miles per gallon of gasoline compared to vehicles that run on gasoline alone. 13 Picture 2.12. Fuels used for transportation The people in the United States have always had a love affair with the automobile. Personal vehicles (like cars and light trucks) consume 63 percent of the total energy used
type dating from the same period, both within and outside the nominating State Party's borders. For the purpose of this contextual essay, bridge design and construction is dealt with chronologically by material and by type. In addition to the obvious evaluation factors as age, rarity, integrity, and the fame of the builder, consideration also is given to the substructure (piers, abutments, foundation), the superstructure (beam, arch, truss, suspension, and combinations thereof), the materials of construction (their strength and properties), the evolution of construction techniques, and whether the bridge advanced structural theory or methods of evaluating material behaviour. Bridges discussed in this essay illustrate important types or technological turning points and are listed at the end. Some, like the Pont du Gard (France) and the Iron Bridge (UK), are already inscribed on the World Heritage List
2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43 Design Checklist 45 v 3 Sensors 47 Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82 Motion/Acceleration Sensors 86 Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93 Measuring Period versus Frequency 95 Mixing 97 Voltage-to-Frequency Converters 99 Clock Resolution 102 5 Output Control Methods 103
These are the drivers you want to move far away from, not to 'teach them a lesson.' 3 3 Try to avoid driving in bad weather. Always keep your windshield wipers going in the rain or snow. Defrost your windshield to keep it from fogging up. Turn on your headlights to help others to see you--this is also the law in some states. If possible, try to avoid driving in the snow at all, especially if your car is rear wheel drive. If you must go out in the snow, drive extra slow, use the brakes and gas pedal gently, and maintain an increased stopping distance. 4 4 Never get into a car with a drunk driver. It is always best to have a "designated driver". Never drive after you have had alcoholic beverages. Even one beer can alter your ability to drive safely. 5 5 Wear a seatbelt. This is a must. By law in many countries, all cars must have a safety restraint.
Because I’m a rally driver and I know most about rallying I focused on rally and in addition talked little bit about Formula One and also about simulators. Most of the information I used to make this presentation was based on my personal experience. In addition, I found some interesting technologies which are used in Formula One from the Internet. Most interesting hi-tech solutions used in rally are in my opinion ride height control with GPS and launch control which is synced with start clock. First means that the height of a car’s suspension is automatically regulated based on the location of the car. If the road is wider and smoother then the car’s height is being lowered and when there are holes in the road or it’s just rougher then the car’s height is being raised. Launch control system means that the driver presses the gas pedal to the floor and the car takes off with no reaction time when it’s the right time to start
electromagnetic effects of a current that flows down one rail, into the armature and then back along the other rail. Railguns have long existed as experimental technology but the mass, size and cost of the required power supplies have prevented railguns from becoming practical military weapons. However, in recent years, significant efforts have been made towards their development as feasible military technology. For example, in the late 2000s, the U.S. Navy tested a railgun that accelerates a 3.2 kg projectile to hypersonic velocities of approximately 2.4 kilometres per second, which is about Mach 7. In addition to military applications, railguns have been proposed to launch spacecrafts into orbit; however, unless the launching track was particularly long, and the acceleration required spread over a much longer time, such launches would be restricted to unmanned spacecraft. 1.1 History of railguns
by active joints. It is capable of adjusting its orientation, so it will always face into the wave direction. 20 A Pelamis consists of a number of floating cylindrical tubes which are connected by active joints. It is capable of adjusting its orientation, so it will always face into the wave direction. The wave induced lifting and dropping of the tubes causes hydraulic rams to pump hydraulic fluid into high-pressure accumulators to drive a hydraulic motor with a generator. Hydraulic cylinders, which are housed in the joints, withstand the wave-induced motion and pump fluid into high pressure accumulators, that permit smooth and constant power generation The second prototype Pelamis P2 with 180 meters of length (five tubes) and 4 meters in diameter with an overall weight of 1300 tonnes. It has a rated electrical power output of 750 kW with a target capacity factor is 25 - 40% depending on the wave climate
Waterhammer Analysis & Design Mitigation Measures Stronger pipework to withstand Surge anticipation valves the pressure surge Relief valves Rerouting piping Bursting discs Additional pipe supports Weak pipe sections Change of pipe material to one Increase diameter of pipeline to with a lower modulus (i.e. reduce average velocity thermoplastic pipe materials) Variable speed drives Flow control valve Soft starters Air/Vacuum Release valves Valve closure and opening Intermediate check valves times Non slam check valves Increasing the inertia of pumps Bypass Valves and motors (i.e. flywheels or by Gas accumulators selection) Liquid accumulators Minimising resonance hazards by Surge tanks additional supports
nuclei, which may eventually produce photons (in the form of gamma rays). Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments (heating the bulk material where fission takes place). Fission is a form of nuclear transmutation because the resulting fragments are not the same element as the original atom. Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and to drive the explosion of nuclear weapons. Both uses are made possible because certain substances called nuclear fuels undergo fission when struck by free neutrons and in turn generate neutrons when they break apart. This makes possible a self-sustaining chain reaction that releases energy at a controlled rate in a nuclear reactor or at a very rapid uncontrolled rate in a nuclear weapon. The amount of free energy contained in nuclear fuel is millions of times the amount of free energy
inland. How to help prevent global warming GREEN JOBS AND CLEAN ENERGY Choose renewable energy. Pick a Green-e-certified energy supplier that generates at least half of its power from wind, solar energy and other clean sources. If you don't have that option, look at your current electricity bill to see if you are able to support renewable energy in another way. DRIVE SMARTER CARS Choose an efficient vehicle: High-mileage cars such as hybrids and plug-in hybrids use less gas and save money. Over its lifetime, a 40-mpg car will save roughly $3,000 in fuel costs compared with a 20-mpg car. Compare fuel economy performance before you buy. Drive smart. If all Americans kept their tires properly inflated, gasoline use nationwide would come down 2 percent. A tune-up could boost your miles per gallon anywhere from 4 to 40 percent, and a new air filter could get you 10 percent more miles per gallon
But even the electric car is not all green because the electricity produced for nuclear, coal, oil shale and natural gas. These ways to get electricity pollutes nature, the only difference between lies in the fact that pollution is in the one place. Coal Electric power station Oil shale power station in Narva What is a electric car An electric car is a plug-in battery powered automobile which is propelled by electric motor. Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV); the term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion, while "electric car" generally refers to road-going automobiles powered by electricity. While an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on-board battery, electric cars with motors powered by other energy sources are generally referred to by a different name: an electric car powered by sunlight is a solar car, and an electric car powered by a gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car
While the oil price is rising then the purchases for new cars have been falling. Although there has been arise in diesel engine cars 6,5 per cent and petrol cars declined 5,3 per cent. Consumers are purchasing more diesel engine cars which have smaller fuel consumption. For that reason drivers can save money on the fuel.(http://academic.mintel.com E) Political Drivers are more likely to buy a small car with a smaller engine; then they will have lower taxes for their vehicle. The government is also trying to lead UK car production and car demand towards the fully electrical and hybrid electric cars. But it is not so easy because of the low demand and high production costs. Although in 2009 fully electric and hybrid electric cars have made a rise from 16000 to 20000. It might be because of the scrappage scheme, when customers get £2000 discount for buying a new car. Also when consumer wants to buy himself/herself a new Mini then the discount will apply
.........................................................................................................9 Eberspächer Hydronic Water Heaters..............................................................................9 Air Conditioning............................................................................................................10 Why do Vehicles Require Air Conditioning..............................................................10 Difference between A/C and Climate Control...........................................................10 2 Sissejuhatus Talvisel ajal on külma autoga sõitmine ohtlik, keskkonda saastav, automootorile ja -akule kurnav ning sõitjatele ka ebameeldiv. Seda kõike saab vältida eelsoojendussüsteemi abil
whale oil, thus eliminating the economic imperative for open-boat whaling. Alternatives to petroleum In the United States in 2007 about 70 per cent of petroleum was used for transportation (e.g. petrol, diesel, jet fuel), 24 per cent by industry (e.g. production of plastics), 5 per cent for residential and commercial uses, and 2 per cent for electricity production. Outside of the US, a higher proportion of petroleum tends to be used for electricity. Alternatives to petroleum-based vehicle fuels Alternative fuel vehicles refers to both: vehicles that use alternative fuels used in standard or modified internal combustion engines such as natural gas vehicles, neat ethanol vehicles, flexible-fuel vehicles, biodiesel-powered vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles. vehicles with advanced propulsion systems that reduce or substitute petroleum use such as battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
electric generators. The electric transformation efficiency of biogas is about 22%- 40%. Biogas as replacement of fuel Biogas is used as transportation fuel in a number of countries, but in Europe it has only reached a major breakthrough in Sweden. All of the biogas plants in Sweden that are in the planning or construction phase will be equipped with possibilities to deliver a biogas that is upgraded to natural gas quality, either for direct use as vehicle fuel or for injection into the natural gas grid. Biogas can be used in both heavy duty and light duty vehicles. Light duty vehicles can normally run both on natural gas and biogas without any modifications, whereas heavy duty vehicles without closed loop control may have to be adjusted, if they run alternately on biogas and natural gas. Sweden is the only country in the world with a national standard for biogas as vehicle fuel today. This standard essentially states
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-2182-5/2010. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners
Transmission and differential Rene Põlluvee and Kaupo Kormik 43AT 2015 Transmission ● The transmission is a mechanical component designed to transmit power from a vehicle’s engine to the drive axle, which makes the wheels drive the vehicle.Some vehicles use a clutch to connect and disconnect the transmission to the engine, controlled through a foot pedal next to the brake pedal. These vehicles have a manual transmission. If your car doesn’t have a clutch pedal, it has an automatic transmission.Automatic transmissions depend on a special fluid called ATF to cool and lubricate the moving parts inside. But the fluid does more than that: In fact, it’s no exaggeration to say that the fluid actually drives the vehicle. So there’s little doubt that the fluid is very important to the transmission’s operation
Source: World Energy Assessment 2001[53] Why Don't We Use More Renewable Energy? In the past, renewable energy has generally been more expensive to use than fossil fuels. Plus, renewable resources are often located remote areas and it is expensive to build powerlines to the cities where they are needed. The use of renewable sources is also limited by the fact that they are not always available (for example, cloudy days reduce solar energy, calm days mean no wind blows to drive wind turbines, droughts reduce water availability to produce hydroelectricity). The production and use of renewable fuels has grown more quickly in recent years due to higher prices for oil and natural gas, and a number of State and Federal Government incentives, including the Energy Policy Acts of 2002 and 2005. The use of renewable fuels is expected to continue to grow over the next 30 years, although we will still rely on non-renewable fuels to meet most of our energy needs. trends
[2] Big data can be described by the following properties: - Volume. Organizations collect data from a variety of sources, including business transactions, social media, and information from sensor or machine-to-machine data. In the past, storing it would’ve been a problem – but new technologies (such as Hadoop) have eased the burden. [3] - Velocity. Data streams in at an unprecedented speed and must be dealt with in a timely manner. RFID tags, sensors, and smart metering are driving the need to deal with torrents of data in near-real time. [3] - Variety. Data comes in all types of formats – from structured, numeric data in traditional databases to unstructured text documents, email, video, audio, stock ticker data, and financial transactions. [3] With its extensive volumes, it needs to be stored somewhere, so it could be easily accessed and then processed
Not only recognition of the country, but also the government (e.g. after a revolution there will be a new government, or when there's occupation or when government is in exile, e.g. the Polish government). Sometimes recognition required for nations fighting for their independence, otherwise they're not recognized as subject of IL. Recognition could be de facto (country enters into certain new relations with another country, but official steps are not made yet; government has control over territory, weaker recognition) or de jure, usually by a statement of the recognizing government. Expressed de jure recognition formal statement of the state, letter, int treaty etc. Implied de jure recognition by action, e.g. exchange of ambassadors or diplomatic missions, visit of the head of state etc. De facto could be tricky, can be the first stage for recognition (e.g. US recognized Finland as
Motherboard - the principle printed circuit board assembly in a computer; includes core logic (chipset), interface sockets and/or slots, and input/output (I/O) ports. Printed circuit board (PCB) - a thin, laminated sheet composed of a series of epoxy resin and copper layers and etched electronic circuits (signal, ground and power) Chipset (or core logic) - two or more integrated circuits which control the interfaces between the system processor, RAM, I/O devises, and adapter cards. Processor slot/socket - the slot or socket used to mount the system processor on the motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X (66MHz), 2X (133MHz), or 4X (266MHz). PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - a high speed interface for video cards, sound cards, network interface cards, and modems; runs at 33MHz.
Domsic at the time worked as a computer manager for an automotive related industry. In recent years ABET and the ACM have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study separate from both Computer Science and Information Systems. SIGITE is the ACM working group for defining these standards. Nanotechnology - Nanotechnology, which is sometimes shortened to "Nanotech", refers to a field whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is extremely diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale
64 Trawl Winch (Traalvints) Mounted on specially strengthened transverse girders, is the trawl winch. The electric trawl winch is of the Robertson three-barrel type having two main barrels and one auxiliary barrel. Each main barrel is capable of holding 1350 fathoms (6 ft. to a fathom) of 3¼ in. circ. wire rope and the auxiliary barrel is capable of holding 80 ft. of 2¾ in. circ. wire rope. The main and auxiliary barrel clutches can be pneumatically controlled. Control valves at the winch provide engaged and disengaged positions together with neutral stop for manual operation. The winch is remotely controlled from a cabin built into the aft end of the wheelhouse from which the trawl winch and all the of the working deck is in full view. Automatic warp guiding gear for the the main barrels comprises two independently operated carriages driven automatically. Warp load meters of a White Fish Authority design are fitted immediately abaft each of the
Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature. It has a pungent, distinct odor and may cause a burning sensation to the eyes, nose, and lungs at high concentrations. Formaldehyde is also known as methanal, methylene oxide, oxymethylene, methylaldehyde, and oxomethane. Formaldehyde can react with many other chemicals, and it will break down into methanol (wood alcohol) and carbon monoxide at very high temperatures. Formaldehyde is naturally produced in very small amounts in our bodies as a part of our normal, everyday metabolism and causes us no harm. It can also be found in the air that we breathe at home and at work, in the food we eat, and in some products that we put on our skin. A major source of formaldehyde that we breathe every day is found in smog in the lower atmosphere. Automobile exhaust from cars without catalytic converters or those using oxygenated gasoline also contain formaldehyde. At home, forma
1.The Conceptual Architecture identifies the high-level components of the system, and the relationships among them. Its purpose is to direct attention at an appropriate decomposition other system without delving into details. Moreover, it provides a useful vehicle for communicating the architecture to non-technical audiences, such as management, marketing, and users. Logical Architecture In Logical Architecture, the externally visible properties of the components are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which component developers and component users can work in relative independence.
injection is made on the cathode side. Since the orientation (input and output) of the capillary sets the geometry of the detector, it should be possible to change the polarity of the source. Although most analysis are conducted at constant voltage, it is sometimes advantageous to work at a constant current, for example, in isotachophoresis or in condition where is no good temperature control. Temperature variations change the viscosity of the buffer and the migration time when working with a constant voltage. With direct current 22 viscosity changes are compensated with proportional changes in voltage, thereby permanent migration times is achieved. Detection
Canada Geography The geography of Canada is vast and diverse. Occupying most of the northern portion of North America, Canada is the world's second largest country in total area. The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan 6,050 m, which is in the Yukon. The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence, with its tributaries, is navigable for over 3,058 km. The largest lake situated entirely in Canada is Great Bear Lake at 31,328 km2 in the Northwest Territories. The largest lake which is at least partly in Canadian territory is Lake Superior Climate Canada's climate is as diverse as its landscape. Generally, Canadians enjoy four very distinct seasons, particularly in the more populated regions along the US border. Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35°C and higher, while lows of -25°C are not uncommon in winter. More moderate temperatures are the norm in spring and fall.
annaabi.ee 
Sisene Facebook'ga
Sisene Google'ga
Sisene LinkedIn'ga
