Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Proseminar". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
quotation, author, paper, here, work, space, marks, quote, refer, first, supervisor, works, prose, come, full, place, reference, cited, there, mention, indent, lines, comes, chapter, paragraph, than, part, language, phrase, know, comma, york, mean, term, material, other, sources, knowledge, follow, comment, them, left, middle, plagiarism, idea, wordsDenotation Simile Cant Connotation Euphemism Vulgarisms Inherent Personification Professional w. Adherent Bathos Dialectal w. Phonestheme Allusion Rhythm Expressive means Quotation Foot Stylistic devices Epigram Metre: Phonostylistics PU, deformed PU Iambus Phonetic. expr. means Synonymic repetition Trochee Prosody Lexical repetition Anapaest Orchestration Syntactic SD Dactyl
REFERENCING STYLE The following recommendations have been taken from The Standing Committee on Publications of the British Psychological Society, Suggestions to Contributors, Leicester: BPS, 1979. You should always follow these recommendations in your written work. The BPS journals use the author-date method of citation, that is the surname of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate point, for example: Rabbitt (1970) compared reaction times... Or In a recent study of reaction times, Rabbitt (1970) found... Or In 1970, Rabbitt compared.. These methods enable the reader to locate easily the citation in the reference list given at the end of the report. If a work has two authors, cite both names in the text every time, e.g. Smith & Jones (1974).
Stylistics is a part of style; it studies principles of selecting and using different linguistic means (grammatical and phonetic) that serve to render shades of meaning. The Stylistics of language studies stylistic devices and expressive shades of linguistic units (words, construction of phrases). The Stylistics of speech studies individual texts viewing the way the message or content is expressed. Literary Stylistics concentrates on artistic expressiveness that characterizes a literary work, a writer, or a whole time period. Linguistic Stylistics studies linguistic facts from the point of view of their ability to convey extra shades of meaning (connotations we call them). Stylistics has no fixed single unit of study. Stylistics studies everything that makes the utterance of the text expressive. STYLISTIC STUDIES Stylistics is regarded as a relatively new branch of philology, yet its roots go back as far as ancient Greece and Rome.
The stylistics of language studies different styles, including registers, stylistic devices and shades of meaning. The stylistics of speech studies individual text, viewing the way the author's message is expressed. Literary stylistics--analyzes means of artistic expressiveness, characteristics of a literary work, a writer, a literary trend or a whole epoch. It is part of literary criticism and poetics. Poetics--studies the structure of a literary work and aesthetic means employed in it. Linguistic stylistics--views linguistic facts from the point of view of their ability to convey additional shades of meaning. Any act of speech passes on 2 types of information: · The content as such · Additional inf. which finds expression in all kinds of extra shades of meaning that are attached to the main content The form of speech may vary depending on the speaker, the listener and the
People loved. People hated. Some were sad. Others gay. Others with friends. Others lonely. NT: He yawned, put on his shirt, slammed the door, patted the dog, opened the mailbox, yawned, went back, wound the clock, yawned. APOKOINU CONSTRUCTION APOKOINU CONSTRUCTIONS mean a combination of two clauses into one at the expense of omitting the connecting world (usually who or that). This is regarded bad grammar and this is characteristic of irregular oral speech (dialogue). NT: I am the first one saw her. 1 2 The main effect is to suggest the careless or uneducated nature of somebody's speech. NT: It was I was a father to you. NT: It is your unfairness disgusts me. NT: There is no one enjoys good food than he does. THE GAP-SENTENCE LINK
5. Once again, I cant tell you how awful I feel about missing your birthday party. 6 I am writing to complain about the products I received from your company. 7 I look forward to receiving your advice on this matter. 8 Looking forward to seeing you and catching up on all your news. 9 Your thoughtful gift was greatly appreciated. Once again. , thank you for your generosity. 10 I am very sorry but unfortunately you won't be able to use my summer house during the first week of August. 11 I'm so happy for you! Write back soon and tell me all about your new job. 12 Hope this advice helps. Informal (friendly) letters Giving News TASK 6 Read the following questions then listen to the dialogue and answer them. a) Why hasn't Steve written earlier? b) What does he think of Hong Kong? c) What is the weather like? d) What happened to him recently? e) What does he say about his new colleagues?
yielding to a request. Situation: When Lipsha was talking about mother with Albertine he said he wouldn't relent on her even if she would come back, goes down on her knees and begged him for forgiveness. 2. Explain the following literary terms. Learn and use them in your discussion of the book: Protagonist - the leading character or one of the major characters in a play, film, novel, etc. Theme - an idea that recurs in or pervades a work of art or literature. 2 Motif - a dominant or recurring idea in an artistic work. Symbol - a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract. Allusion - an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
abilities that form his style. This approach is best illustrated in the well-known victum of the french poet Georges-Louis de Buffon ,,Style is the man himself." Stylistics English stylistics or the study of style has not been discussed on the same scale as french stylistics, german or russian. The very term stylistics came into more common use in english only some 30-40 years ago. It was however recorded much earlier that is in 1882 for the first time, meaning ,,The Study of literary style, the study of stylistic features." A short history of the development of stylistics Stylistics is regarded a relatively new branch of philology, yet its roots go back as far as ancient Greece and Rome, where the rhetoricians (retoorikud) cultivated the art of clear and elegant use of language by developing and polishing stylistic devices. In the 18th century, an individualistic-psychological view on style and stylistics emerges. The
How to Write a Design Report Summary A design report is the written record of the project and generally is the only record that lives once the design team disbands at the end of the project. The report has three sections. The first section describes the problem that was being solved and provides the background to the design. The second section describes the design and the third section evaluates how well the design worked by comparing its performance to the design requirements. The report starts with a short executive summary that contains a synopsis of the three sections. The body of the report is relatively short. Appendices to the
Summary • Early history of translation studies – Cicero and St. Jerome (what did they do/how/why are they relevant to translation studies?) St. Jerome – Greek scholar, did some translation work. Lived during the 4th century. Jerome is best known as the translator of the Bible into Latin. A previous version (now called the Old Latin) existed, but Jerome's version far surpassed it in scholarship and in literary quality. Jerome was well versed in classical Latin (as well as Greek and Hebrew), but deliberately translated the Bible into the style of Latin that was actually spoken and written by the majority of persons in his own time. This kind
in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning. _ 6 He is a good cook but she _________________________________ (prefer) to eat out. _ 7 English tests _________________________________ (get) more and more interesting. _ 8 They _________________________________ (have) a party because it's her birthday. _ 9 I sometimes _________________________________ (ride) my bicycle to school. 10_ She usually _________________________________ (go) to the gym on Friday evenings.
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm.
approaches to metaphor. Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features of Philosophy of Language include: · new chapters on Frege and puzzles, inferentialism, illocutionary theories of meaning, and relevance theory · chapter overviews and summaries · clear supportive examples · study questions · annotated further reading · glossary Praise for the First Edition: "This exceptional text fulfils two essential criteria of a good introduc- tory textbook in the philosophy of language: it covers a broad range of topics well, all of which are the basis of current active research, and does so in an accurate manner accessible to undergraduate students." Mike Harnish, University of Arizona ". . . an excellent textbook for teaching. The examples throughout are
Be dedicated and care for your students. 4. Accept and even celebrate individual differences. 5. Realise that people learn in different ways 6. Create more student-centred activities. 7. Provide a diverse lesson with a variety of activities 8. Be always prepared for the lesson. 9. Let learners know about your teaching style, the course content and your reasons for doing some activities.... 10. Offer feedback after oral or written assignments or pair-, group work. 1 References: Kahny, Jim. Classroom dynamics: An interview with Jill Hadfield. Available at http://ltprofessionals.com/journalpdfs/vol1no1/features/winter2000kahny.pdf accessed 27.12.2012 ESOL Teaching Skills TaskBook. Classroom dynamics: unit 1 a). Available at http://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/download/ng/file/group-4/n2431-esol-teaching-skills- taskbook-unit-1-a---classroom-dynamics.pdf
Give examples, not personal thoughts (expressive intake of alcohol can damage liver) if you use statistics, be sure of the source! Avoid clichéd introductions, make it more original (hook) Consistent personal pronoun use (if you use “we” or “you”, do it throughout the essay) Punctuation (NB! When joining 2 simple sentences, use “;”, NO COMMA BEFORE “THAT” Paragraph 1: introduction Hook (question, interesting observation, unique scenario, quote and surprising statistics) to capture the reader’s interest. Connecting information Clear thesis statement (the points/point of view that you will discuss/explain in length in the later paragraphs) In other words, the reader, having read the introduction, should know exactly what to expect in the body of the essay. DO NOT bring in any new thoughts later! Paragraph 5: Conclusion Final remark (significance, personal effect, etc) Strong, effective message the reader will remember. NO NEW IDEAS!
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
(NOT ... to go on holiday.) 17. Information is an uncountable noun. Can you give me some information? (NOT Can you give me an information?) I got a lot of information from the Internet. (NOT I got a lot of informations from the Internet.) 18. Use ing forms after prepositions. I drove there without stopping. (NOT I drove there without to stop.) Wash your hands before eating. (NOT Wash your hands before to eat.) 19. Use this, not that, for things that are close. Come here and look at this paper. (NOT Come here and look at that paper.) How long have you been in this country? (NOT How long have you been in that country?) 20. Use a plural noun after one and a half. We waited one and a half hours. (NOT We waited one and a half hour.) A mile is about one and a half kilometres. (NOT A mile is about one and a half kilometre.) 21. Use the present perfect, not the present, to say how long things have been going on. I've been waiting since 10 o'clock
Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo B Bravo P Papa
poet Burns”) back-reference In grammatical analysis, the term reference is often used to state a relationship of identity which exists between grammatical units, e.g. a pronoun 'refers' to a noun or noun phrase. When the reference is to an earlier part of the discourse, it may be called a 'back-reference' (or anaphora); collective noun Collective noun is the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. A crew of sailors. A flock of birds. A range of mountains. conjunction any member of a small class of words distinguished in manylanguages by their function as connecto rs between words, phrases,clauses, or sentences, as and, because, but, however. content words Content words are words that have meaning. They can be compared to grammatical words, which are structural. Nouns, main verbs, adjectives and adverbs are usually content words. Auxiliary
Self-contained ground floor flat big enough for two? Bedroom, living room, study room Fully furnished what furniture? 90 pounds per week any extras to pay like electricity? Ideal for student 36 Stewart Street does it have a phone? available how soon? London N4 2PP 0181 809 7985 A letter starts with a date, except when it is said that the date is not necessary. Usually on national examination, the date is already written on the writing paper. Date must be written on the first line of the task and aligned right. Possible ways of writing: May 8, 2010 8 May 2010 Any other ways of writing a date is not advised because if you do so, you may lose points in an extremely easy part of a writing task. On the next line of the letter it is important to start the letter with ,,Dear". In case you didn't get information from the task about the persons name you are writing to, you have to use ,,Dear Sir/Madam" or ,,Dear Sir or Madam"
treaty. Some topical question: Which one is more important, national or international law? Depends, there are different views. A certain view says that if there is a contradiction in national law to the IL, then national law should be changed. Also, many countries write it in their constitution that IL should prevail. However, some countries don't support this idea. Sometimes treaties and customs can overlap. Sometimes conventions put on paper some customs. Or some successful conventions can become customary norms. This is important because customary norms are legally binding for all, this way conventions can become binding on all. E.g. the convention of human rights, wasn't legally binding, now customary and legally binding. E.g. convention for chemical weapons has become a customary norm and the fact that SÜÜRIA is not a member state doesn't mean anything. Principles of PIL 1
5 The thief grabbed my bag and ran The photos are connected with the 1B Past and perfect tenses off. topic of school. Both photos show page 4 6 He dropped a leaf into the water students in class. In the first photo I imagine that 1 1 ate and watched it drift under the they're about 13 years old. 2 have/'ve met bridge. It looks like a science lesson 3 have/'ve caught 7 As she got older, her health
friend. · Logically Connected Ideas Finally, your ideas must be suitably connected so that the reader can identify related ideas while reading through and gradually understanding the message. Text 1 and Text 2 below clearly show these five aspects of writing in the business world. Evaluation Exercise 1 In the Field Services Department of the Melbourne Construction Company (MCC), a problem has arisen over the maintenance of company vehicles work which is carried out by a sub contractor, the Autocheck Maintenance Company (AMC). Several vehicles have been unavailable for use for long periods because of a deterioration in the quality of AMC's services, and this has caused considerable operational difficulties. When the MCC Transport Manager heard of the problem, he immediately telephoned the Transport Supervisor and asked him to write a short report detailing the background and
Peter is playing the guitar. If we want to say something about the manner of the action ( how does something happen?), we put the adverbial of manner in front of the predicate: She quietly opened the door. If we want to stress the mode of action, we put the adverbial of manner after the object. She opened the door quietly. If we want to show the place where the action takes place we put the adverbial of place after the predicate. Janet lives in Paris. I work in the library. If we want to say when or how long something happens, we put the adverbial of time at the end of the sentence: 3 I saw Peter last week. I have not seen Jane for a long time. If we want to stress the time factor, we put the adverbial of time at the beginning of the sentence: Last week, when I saw Peter, I forgot to tell him that his rent was overdue. For a long time Jane did not want to talk to me.
or know about something that most people don't. ... The adjective privy comes from the Latin privatus, meaning "private," and describes someone who has knowledge of secret or confidential information. S- Marie is privy to both worlds of Evil knowledge. a habit (49) - a long, loose garment worn by a member of a religious order. S Marie asks if she gets a habit when Leopolda tells her that Marie will be sleeping behind the stove. a stigma (59) - (in Christian tradition) marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the Crucifixion, said to have been impressed by divine favour on the bodies of St Francis of Assisi and others. S Leopolda is explaining how stigmata appears on Marie palm. mealy (60) - Lacking healthy coloring; pale. S Marie couldn't help what she did. She had already smiled in a saint's mealy forgiveness. to throb (66) - pulsate steadily. S Nector couldn't help but feel how bad Marie's hand hurt and throb.
Please speak quietly. Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. 2. Some adverbs tell us where. These are called Adverbs of Place: She put the book on the table. 3. Some adverbs tell us when. These are called Adverbs of Time. We met them at five o´clock. 4. Some adverbs tell us how often. These are called Adverbs of Frequency. E.g. always, sometimes, often, never, usually, seldom, hardly ever, and rarely: She never comes on time. They usually work on Saturday mornings. I have always loved plays written by Oscar Wilde. 5. Some adverbs tell us how much. These are called Adverbs of Degree. E.g. definitely, absolutely, obviously, possibly, just, certainly, very, quite, rather: He is definitely the right man for the job. He would certainly have been chosen for the team if he hadn’t injured his knee. 2 6. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective
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with. However, through the analysis of two such accounts on Romania, Dervla Murphy's Transylvania and Beyond (1992) and Eva Hoffman's (ample chapter on Romania in) Exit into History (1999) this paper aims to show that such translations, if undertaken, may turn into complex exercises of intercultural communication in our global world, confronted with problems of identity and representation. The first section analyses in detail the cultural translations of
Philip Larkin’s Poetry: Themes, Form, Style, Imagery and Symbolism Author: Sandra Olivares González Tutor: Jesús Marín Calvarro Degree in English Studies, English Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Extremadura Cáceres, 29th January 2016 Philip Larkin’s Poetry: Themes, Form, Style, Imagery and Symbolism The aim of this work is to obtain some characteristics of the poetry of Philip Larkin, such us the origin of his themes, the way in which he writes his poems and the symbolism he uses (which is a very controversial topic because some assume that he does use it, while some others say that he uses it in an ironic way). In this work we tried to make a revision on the vision of Larkin through the studies that had been made on him, and on the basis of it we can say, that the voice of Larkin still clearly contemporary
· If you leave out the clause, phrase, or word, does the sentence still make sense? · Does the clause, phrase, or word interrupt the flow of words in the original sentence? · If you move the element to a different position in the sentence, does the sentence still make sense? If you answer "yes" to one or more of these questions, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off with commas. Here are some example sentences with nonessential elements: Clause: That Tuesday, which happens to be my birthday, is the only day when I am available to meet. Phrase: This restaurant has an exciting atmosphere. The food, on the other hand, is rather bland. Word: I appreciate your hard work. In this case, however, you seem to have over-exerted yourself. 4. Do not use commas to set off essential elements of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with that (relative clauses)
"We've known for years that people buy based on emotions and justify their buying decision based on logic. Dr. Cialdini was able, in a lucid and cogent manner, to tell us why this happens." --MARK BLACKBURN, Sr. Vice President, Director of Insurance Operations, State Auto Insurance Companies "Dr. Cialdini's ability to relate his material directly to the specifics of what we do with our customers and how we do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T. MUNGER, Vice Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc.
Nevertheless, it is often possible to coerce a noun from one class to another, with a concomitant meaning change. Proper count: There are three Evas in the class. Count noncount (mass): After the accident, there was cat all over the road. Mass count: The waitress brought three waters to the table. - dual class membership: some nouns can be seen from the point of view of count or noncount nouns. I want an evening paper. Wrap the parcel up in brown paper - a different lexical item a garment clothing, a laugh laughter, a `permit permission, a job, a task work, a poem - poetry - conversion: nouns may also be shifted from one class to another by means of conversion A: What cheeses have you got today? B: Well, we have Cheddar, Gorgonzola, and Danish blue. Grammatica categories: Each of the main word classes has a typical set of grammatical categories.
document. If this stage of the production process is done properly all you really need are the language control techniques to connect your ideas logically and effectively. If you have a well documented list of techniques to connect your ideas effectively the writing process is less formidable. You will want to know how to join similarities, compare and contrast certain facts, introduce the next topic, offer a supporting idea, or refer to previously presented facts. You will also need to know how to present different shades of argument to produce logically a recommendation you wish to make. This requires an ability to emphasise certain facts and 'bury' others. However, all facts need to be linked to give a logical flow. This unit will give you language practice in this important aspect of producing written documents. Evaluation Exercise 1 Connectives Study the following two versions of the same text and decide
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