Ergo Pikas Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling DISSERTATION Tallinn 2010 2 UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Author: Ergo Pikas- Civil Engineering student, Faculty of Construction, Tallinn University of Applied Sciences Supervisor: Rafael Sacks- Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil and Env. Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Consultant: Roode Liias- Professor and Dean, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology Title: Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling
- Don’t know up front everything wanted and needed o Usually hard to visualize every detail in advance - We can only estimatethe costs of implementing requirements o To gain confidence in an estimate, we need to design and actually implement parts, especially the riskiest ones o We will probably need to modify requirements as a result - We often need to execute intermediate builds o Stakeholders need to gain confidence o Designers and developers need confirmation they're building what’s needed and wanted - Team members can't be idle while the requirements are being completed o Typically put people to work on several phases at once Waterfall Process Assumptions •Requirements are known up front before design •Requirements rarely change •Users know what they want, and rarely need visualization •Design can be conducted in a purely abstract space, or trial rarely leads to error •The technology will all fit nicely into place when the time comes (the apocalypse)
How to Write a Design Report Summary A design report is the written record of the project and generally is the only record that lives once the design team disbands at the end of the project. The report has three sections. The first section describes the problem that was being solved and provides the background to the design. The second section describes the design and the third section evaluates how well the design worked by comparing its performance to the design requirements. The report starts with a short executive summary that contains a synopsis of the three sections. The body of the report is relatively short. Appendices to the
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible which is commodious, firm, and occasionally delightful
HatYai, Songkhla 90112 E-mail: [email protected] Draft: 14th January 2003, #2 Abstract This article looks at the advantages and disadvantages of using Java and Java 3D for games programming. It assumes the reader is familiar with Java, but presents short overviews of gaming, the low-level APIs OpenGL and DirectX, and Java 3D. No programming examples are included here, although links to online code are supplied. 1. Background to Gaming Giving a definition for `computer game' is problematic, due to the wide range of game types. For example, the ArcadePod site (http://www.arcadePod.com) divides its hundreds of Java games into more than ten categories: 3D games, multiplayer, action, classic, indoor sports, board, outdoor sports, card, mind, casino, educational, and the useful `miscellaneous' catch-all. This makes it difficult to pin down the typical
+ VisiLean Bhargav Dave, Stefan Construction management with Lean and BIM Boddy Presentation to Balfour Beatty Salford University 13/01/2010 + Background Broad research areas within the work-package: Collaborative design and construction Visual management Building information modelling Project management Lean construction Promise based management Web services and Service oriented architecture (SOA) Growing interest in identifying synergies between BIM and lean construction principles + Concept A production management system that: Uses BIM as the visual platform and lean construction principles as the process enabler Integrates project related information using web services.
TM Person Knowledge Technologies supports The Intelligent Essay Assessor which is used by a variety of proprietary electronic portfolio systems. All of the products have the capacity to receive text by web page and return feedback to both a student user and comprehensive data base that may be accessed by teachers. In the paragraphs below, a short description is given that illustrate the kinds of factors/dimensions/variables used in building AES scoring models. References are provided for a more comprehensive descripiton of the process. The construction of e-rater v. 2.0, models is given in detail in Attali and Burstein E-rater uses a sample of human-scored essay data for model building purposes. E-rater identifies features and feature weights are assigned using a multiple regression procedure. E-rater models can be built at the topic level, in which case a model is built for a specific essay prompt
inheritance influence behavior? Psychologists argue that an individual may have a genetic predisposition towards a certain behavior; however, without the appropriate environmental stimuli, this behavior will not be manifested. There is no single cause-and-effect relationship between genes and behavior. It is not provable that a single gene is responsible for such complex behaviors as intelligence, criminal behavior or attachment. Instead, what is inherited may be one of the building blocks for such complex behaviors. Genetic arguments on behavior are based on the principle of inheritance. Genes and DNA are passed on from parents to their offspring. Genetic research in humans is to a large extent based on correlational studies. One of the most common ways to study the correlation between genetic inheritance and behavior is through twin studies. Also family studies, where the traits of children are compared with relatives and adoption
enable the architecture team to envision the current and future state of the architecture. TOGAF is that it isn't actually an architecture, but rather a framework fordesigning and describing an architecture. ·An architectural framework is a classification system forarchitectural descriptions. In other words, instead of helping you describe a particular Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) system, TOGAF can help you decide whether SOA is right for the project at all. TOGAF is very much a top-down methodology. ·As with all top-downmethods, it starts with the big picture and breaks it down into progressively smaller pieces. ·But TOGAF isintended to be a generic method, one that works with any architecture. What happens when you are using a morebottom-up style, such as SOA, which starts with specific functions and builds them into a larger system? Many enterprise architecture frameworks break down the practice of developing artifacts into four
The one thing that was constant and of supreme importance was my love of reading. I don't recall why, but by an early age, say age 9, I was a phenomenal reader of books, a habit that persisted all the way until college. Reading expands one's mind immensely. It fires the imagination, demonstrates grammar, teaches vocabulary, informs, challenges, helps one relax. In some cases it forces the mind to concentrate, as to understand. It can help build a moral or ethical framework, and help oneself form an individual worldview. Even an untraveled child, sitting at home, can be transported by a book into any place or time. Fantasy and facts weave together, but the result is almost an unmitigated improvement. If a bookworm grows up to be antisocial or worse, it is not because of too much reading, but because something else was lacking in the education or caregiving. Hands-on learning is another factor difficult to overrate
One very general 4 definition of quality is fitness for use. This definition was coined by Juran and Gryna in their 1980s book on quality planning and analysis, and has been widely quoted since. How this general definition is further specified depends on the product that is being evaluated and the user. For example, quality can be focusing on construction, on making sturdy and safe furniture, and on testing it. Like Ikea, the Swedish furniture chain, that advertised in its catalogs with production quality and gave examples on how a couch was tested on sturdiness. In survey statistics the main focus has been on accuracy, on reducing the mean squared error or MSE. This is based on the Hansen and Hurwitz model (Hansen, Hurwitz, & Madow, 1953; Hansen, Hurwitz, & Bershad,
ensuring that orders are placed with the appropriate amount of time available to be filled. The supply chain management system also allows a company to constantly see what is on stock and making sure that the right quantities are ordered to replace stock. 7 2. Logistics: The cost of transporting materials as low as possible consistent with safe and reliable delivery. Here the supply chain management system enables a company to have constant contact with its distribution team, which could consist of trucks, trains, or any other mode of transportation. The system can allow the company to track where the required materials are at all times. As well, it may be cost effective to share transportation costs with a partner company if shipments are not large enough to fill a whole truck and this again, allows the company to make this decision. 3. Smooth Production:
Pump suctions Erection -Elevated pipe racks Access Thermal- Expansion/Contraction Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Modulus Affects Loading Friction Use of Elbows and Bends Stress Intensification Factors Elastic Follow Up/Strain Concentration Cold Cut & Pull To reduce loads Impact on stress Installed versus Service Temperature Supports Unsustained Loads 1. Specialist Engineering Earthquake 2. National Codes Building Influence 3. Local Conditions Wind 4. Risk Height of external piping Likelihood Shading from buildings Consequences Supports Responsibility Vibration Safeguarding Shock Ship Pitch & Roll Ship's Data Buried Pipeline Design Soil/Pipe Structure Deflection Pressure (+/- ve) Stress
Then there are live loads these are the impermanent loads, that may be shifted around and change in value, for instance people, furniture, equipment and other stored goods. In addition, there are dead loads, which are permanently there and support their own weight these are the heavy elements like columns, beams, floors, arches, domes, but also ceiling and inslulation material. Finally, it leaves us with other loads corrosion, fire and loads during construction. First of all, thermal loads are sometimes called hidden or locked-in loads and caused by daily or seasonal change in air temperature. To clarify its effect, let´s assume that a steel bridge 100 m long was erected in winter at an average temperature of 2oC. On a summer day, when the air temperature reaches 32oC, the bridge lengthens, since all bodies expand when heated. The increase in length of the bridge can be computed to be only 3 cm. It is
With the booming growth of technology, blogs have become another learning platform for language teaching. Accordingly, these in turn have provided both teachers and learners with an alternative avenue, unlike the traditional face-to-face meetings or discussions, to foster their personal knowledge development through meaningful negotiation and communication. The web-based technology supports collaborative learning that enriches learning performance, both for individual knowledge construction and group knowledge sharing. I became interested in the field since I realised that nowadays in order to be an effective teacher one must know the `key' to the new generation of learners falling, to a category of `digital natives'. The research aims to determine the meaning of `blogs' and evaluate the extent to which they might be useful for the teaching of English. The primary purpose of this study is to collect
intended to benefit patients and taxpayers. Other related projects include: ·Integration in action: four international case studies. A study of four international organisations that have attempted to improve integration between health and care services. Interviews, documentary analysis and literature review are used to identify the main stimuli for integration and the issues that help or hinder progress; drawing out lessons for the NHS. ·Towards integrated care in Trafford. A project that looks at the process of change and lessons learned to date in Trafford, where NHS organisations have been working on the development of an integrated care system across the whole health economy. Further details of our integrated care work can be found at: www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/integratedcare Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Richard Gleave, Diane Gray, George Kissen, Dennis Kodner, Judith Smith and Sarah Smyth for their comments, all of which have helped to shape
Consumer Behavior Assignment Assignment 1(4) Girli Vasiljev HAAGAHELIA University of Applied Sciences RB1X 12.12.2011 Consumer behavior Introduction Each and every one of us is a consumer. We buy products and services every day. But why do we prefer one product or service to another? What leads us to make the right decision before every purchase? There are many aspects influencing our decision making process and thereby our consumer behavior. Attitudes, perceptions, image, roles, motivations, determinants etc. encourage us to buy or not to buy a product or service. (Cooper & Gilbert, 2008, p. 43) There are many different definitions about consumer behavior. Emphasizing the most important one
Viljandi Ühendatud Kutsekeskkool. Autommaaler. Marius Lepik Autodes kasutatavad pneuma-ja hüdrosüsteemid Referaat Juhendaja: Jaanus Kaido Viljandi 2009 Compressed Air Brake System A "Compressed Air Brake System" is a different air brake used for trucks, consisting of a standard disc or drum brake arrangement using compressed air in place of hydraulic fluid. Most types of truck air brakes are drum units, though there is an increasing trend towards the use of disc brakes in this application. The compressed air brakes system works by drawing filtered air from the atmosphere, compressing it, and holding it in high-pressure reservoirs at around 120 PSI. When needed for braking, this high pressure air is routed to the operating cylinders on the brakes, which actuate the braking hardware and slow the vehic
As the tensile Experiments in the testing device, tensile stress the material is subjected force is applied, the specimen (for as well as our own daily experience, to, and the corresponding relative example, in the testing machine) ini- show that as long as the material is elongation or strain for several materi- tially elongates in proportion with the stressed to less than its "yield point", als used in aircraft construction. stress. Here the aluminum obeys this it has the ability to return to almost (Stress is the stretching load per unit "law of proportionality" quite well. its original shape, as soon as the cross section in pounds/square inch However, at a certain point - let us load disappears. (To be precise, this or, in short, psi ... with 1,000 psi = 1 call it a "yield point" - on the elasticity of the material does not
However, the new equipment will not be installed for at least three months. X. However, Y. The two ideas are placed in separate sentences. However comes at the beginning of the second sentence and is followed by a comma. Some of these connectives are sometimes also used in other positions in the sentence, and you should be prepared to see this when you read reports written by Englishspeaking writers. However, if you follow patterns given here, your writing will improve in fluency. TASK 1 1 Read the following letter of complaint and choose the best connectives to fill each gap from the options given afterwards. On 10 November 1999 we purchased from your company 500 pairs of `Gripfast' safety boots and 800 pairs of `Holdtight' safety gloves (Invoice No. 632/A559T). Prior to the transaction, you had informed us that, under our normal working conditions ..................
At the end of 1913, research work commenced on constructing an airfield which was to be built as part of the Peter the Great's sea fortress (nowadays Patarei). For this purpose, 6,000 square fathoms of land was appropriated a couple of hundred meters in the direction of Paljassaare. The construction of Noblessner's shipyard had already begun on the adjacent plot and pursuant to the basic principles and plans of Tallinn's fortifications as approved by Nikolai II in 1911; the plan foresaw the construction of two identical and adjacent hangar complexes. At the beginning of March in 1916, Colonel Aleksandr Jaron, who was responsible for the construction works, sent 11 local and foreign companies calls for proposals for designing these hangars, which were then modestly referred to as reinforced concrete sheds. The deadlines were quite short due to the ongoing World War and bids were already expected by the end of March. Construction was set to start during the period of April 15th and June 1st, 1916
Teacher as a technician Colourcoded word/sound charts, rods Teacher gives clues but does not model the language Cooperativeness, relaxed and enjoyable learning environment Culture and language are inseparable The syllabus develops according to the learning needs Pronunciation and structures are of utmost importance (but: no rules) Building onto the native language Evaluation focuses on progress, not achievement Errors are part of the learning process, something to build on Self correction The goals are language for self-expression; cooperativeness, relaxed and enjoyable learning environment; self-correction. The students were actively involved, the teacher provided silent guidance. The teachers in the both clips gave clues but did not model the language. The teachers encouraged the students themselves to teach the sounds and language structures. Practically no native language was used again (only one explanation)
1 System development • Modelling in early system development stage corrects design errors before construction. • Beneficial modelling reasons (– Insight: in the design and operation of a system – Completeness: detection of missing parts for simulation and a better understanding of the system requirements – Correctness: errors and flaws are usually detected, problematic scenarios can be reproduced, systematic error investigation) 2 Introduction CPN • CPN is a graphical language for concurrent system design and analysis and also general-purpose
VORMISTAMISE ÜLESANNE 2 TUNNITÖÖ Õppeaines: SISSEJUHATUS ERIALASSE Tehnoloogia ja ringmajanduse instituut Õpperühm: Juhendaja: Tallinn 2021 SISUKORD 2 ABSTRACT Pilling is an undesired defect of textile fabrics, consisting of a surface characterized by a number of roughly spherical masses made of entangled fibers. Mainly caused by the abrasion of fabric surface occurring during washing and wearing of fabrics, this defect needs to be accurately controlled and measured by companies working in the textile industry. Pilling measurement is traditionally performed using manual procedures involving visual control of fabric surface by human experts. Since the early nineties, great efforts in developing automatic and non-intrusive methods for pilling measurement have been made all around the world with the final aim of overcoming traditional, visual-based and subjective, procedures. Machine Vision pr
when speaking on the telephone to a friend. · Logically Connected Ideas Finally, your ideas must be suitably connected so that the reader can identify related ideas while reading through and gradually understanding the message. Text 1 and Text 2 below clearly show these five aspects of writing in the business world. Evaluation Exercise 1 In the Field Services Department of the Melbourne Construction Company (MCC), a problem has arisen over the maintenance of company vehicles work which is carried out by a sub contractor, the Autocheck Maintenance Company (AMC). Several vehicles have been unavailable for use for long periods because of a deterioration in the quality of AMC's services, and this has caused considerable operational difficulties. When the MCC Transport Manager heard of the problem, he immediately telephoned the
TASK 9 Write a letter in groups of three or four people. You have been on holiday abroad for a week. Write a letter to your friends describing your holidays so far. Use no more than 200 words. TASK 10 Read the letter below and put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. What is being described in this letter? Dear Gemma, Remember I 1) ................ (tell) you that as part of my course I would have to spend some time on a farm? Well, I 2) .............. (arrive) here two days ago and have been learning lots of new things Yesterday I 3) ................ (learn) to milk a cow. I 4) .............. ( sit ) down , 5) ................. ( put ) my the bucket under the cow and 6) ................ (fill) it with milk, then 7)....................( watch ) as the cow 8) ............. (kick) the bucket over. I bet the farmer 9).......................( see ) that happen plenty of times to the students he 10) . .. .... (teach)! Another thing I 11) .........
Their wealth was originally based on a traditional, simple formula: convert cheap energy and raw materials into metals and manufactured goods. The six richest Ukrainians are all metallurgy magnates. In Ukraine--like in Russia--incumbent managers (there is a special term in Russian for such executives/ owners Red Director) were present at the birth of private property and could harness privatization. The political atmosphere of nation building helped keep foreigners-- Russians and Westerners alike--mostly out of the game. The major exception was the financial system; several banks both from the West and the East have entered Ukrainian markets. Crucially for Ukraine's survival, between 2001 and 2008, as metals and chemicals prices boomed on the back of fast international economic growth while the price of gas imported from Russia remained low, terms of trade improved by 50 percent. Monetization also helped
(although I did enjoy the vistas from the Tour Montparnasse in Paris more). The London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, is an observation wheel that completed construction in 1999 and opened to the public in March, 2000. As of June 2007, it is the largest observation wheel in the world, although there are larger ferris wheels, such as The Star of Nanchang, and a contender for the title in the Singapore Flyer due for completion in 2007. The London Eye has become the most popular paid for UK visitor attraction, visited by over 3.5 million people a year. The London Eye stands 135 metres (443 ft) high on the western.
Baroque, Neoclassicicm, Historicism and even Art Nouveau. The origin of the name "Lai" Lai Street belongs among the oldest streets of Tallinn. Despite its length and width its share in the city's inner traffic is fairly modest. The extraordinary width of the street is likely due to the fact that the town wall used to be there and the street then sprang up on both sides of the city wall. But that city wall was eliminated in the construction of a new wall to the west. The freed area became a beautiful wide street with local significance, its main purpose was to create a link between the monastery of St Michael's female Cistercians (founded in 1294) and St Olaf's church. Previous names of the street also refer to it: Susterstrate 1361; Platea sororum 1364-1380; 1606 Süsterstrasse and Schwestergasse, all of which include the concept of a nun or a sister.
price of purchasing the applications separately). o Process – constant data collections from users of the sofware -> continues improvement of the software. o Product system – it was introduced as a suite of desktop applications both for Windows and Macintosh. o Channel – making use of the rise of the Internet, they made the MS Office web-compatible. 3. What is the industry that your MA1 project operates within? Which types of innovation are used in that industry by your competitors? Our MA1 project operates within the Education industry. Our competitors use various e-learning sources (e.g. Library, different school already have their own systems). But we don’t know of any similar platform in Denmark. 4. Why is it important to challenge convention? For a long time many companies and organizations have been doing things
In 2005, for the Main Heating Fuel and Equipment: · 27% use Natural Gas · 42% use Electricity · 3% use Fuel Oil · 19% use LPG · 4% use Kerosene 8 84% of mobile homes have air conditioning(central system, wall/window units - or both. For Appliances: · 87% have a clothes washer · 78% have a clothes dryer · 49% have a personal computer 2.4 Commercial Energy Use Commercial buildings include a wide variety of building types--offices, hospitals, schools, police stations, places of worship, warehouses, hotels, barber shops, libraries, shopping malls--and that's just the beginning of the list. These different commercial activities all have unique energy needs but, as a whole, commercial buildings use more than half their energy for heating and lighting. Picture 2.5. How energy is used in commercial buildings Electricity and natural gas are the most common energy sources used in commercial
without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Embedded computer systems—Design and construction. 2. Microprocessors. I. Title. TK7895.E42 .B33 2001 004.16—dc21 00-051961 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620
an offline or online source, and it can be either structured and unstructured. [21] Leading us to the next problem, we lack skilled professionals and technology, as big data is a reasonably new topic. When the company can't make sense of the data, it can be considered worthless, or worse yet, it exposes enterprises to the risk of misinterpretation of data, and wrong decision making. Hiring the right talent and applying the right tools is crucial to make relevant decisions from a big data project. [21] Some aforementioned products also bring new never-seen problems with them. As cybersecurity has never been more important than it is now, then making sure, that your product isn't misused and it cant be leaked is a must. There are multiple ways hackers can attack databases and take advantage of their vulnerabilities. Few examples of inside-based attacks are: Academic essay (ITI0103) 2019 spring - Abusing excessive privileges
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