Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Kokkuvõte Inglismaa ajaloost". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
king, land, century, became, britain, english, parliament, england, saxon, period, roman, battle, leader, owned, during, celtic, built, saxons, henry, forms, puritan, monarch, live, ireland, lord, celts, present, known, social, banned, ship, hastings, french, strict, lords, class, invasion, elizabeth, established, british, empire, civil, republicBritain History Pre-Norman Britain The Iberians brought their metal-working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders.
свои знания о стране, являющейся родиной английского языка, ставшего ведущим мировым языком, и парламентаризма, который переняли большинство стран мира. 6 INTRODUCTION Aspects of British History presents a brief outline of the most significant milestones in the long and eventful history of Great Britain, such as the five successful invasions of the island, the birth of Parliament and transformation of an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy, the origin of the English language, the rise and fall of the British Empire. The units contain an informative reading text on an important issue, preceded by preparatory discussion questions and followed by notes offering some additional information, and a vocabulary with relevant language notes. The main reading text is
It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing of the seasons. It appears in number of novels. These days it is not only the interest of tourists but is also a
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor
The British Isles are shared by two separate and independent countries: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. All the islands have administrative ties with the mainland, except some islands which have their own legislative assemblies and systems of law, but the UK Government is responsible for their international relations and defence. Great Britain
British history Roman Britain Roman Britain was those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and about 410. The Romans referred to their province as Britannia. Prior to the Roman invasion, Iron Age Britain already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanization, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. Historical records beyond the initial invasion are sparse, although many Roman historians mention the province in passing. Most of the knowledge of the period stems from archaeological investigations and especially epigraphic evidence.
1. The Queen’s official title. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation. Discusses domestic matters with the Master of the Household. Towards the end of the day, there is always another pile of official papers and reports waiting to be read or acted upon. The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the
LONDON HISTORY PERIOD EVENTS PEOPLE The Celtic period (400 BC Name: Celtic words (Llyn (a lake) + AD 43) Dun (a fort or strong place) ) Not important The Roman occupation (AD 43 Londinium not important Boadicea a revolt against - AD 410) politically. An important trading the Roman conquest centre. Devastation AD 61. Rebuilt. Roman walls built in AD 200.
Anglo-norman period (1066-1300) The normans · The name derives from "the Northmen" · Descendants of the Vikings · Seized the north-western part of France · The area known as Normandy · Adopted French customs and Christianity · Norman-French (their version of French). 1066 · Edward the Confessor dies in January · Harold Godwinson crowned as king in Westminster Abbey on the same day · Another candidate for the throne William, Duke of Normandy · Gathered an army · Invasion delayed (bad weather) · Harald, king of Norway, invades England from the North · A battle at Stamford Bridge · Harald's army defeated, leaders killed · The end of the Viking Age · The Normans land in Britain (a few days after Stamford Bridge)
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ireland conquered
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium.
The Middle Ages The Middle Ages are one of the most turbulent periods in English history. The Middle Ages are so called as the middle period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages started in 1066. with the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror took all the lands from the Saxon English and gave these to French nobles. Normans were known as great builders. This is assured by the fact that many great castles and other buildings, including the Tower of London, were built during the Norman Conquest. In 1086. Domesday Book was compiled. It is a detailed survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror. The reign of King William Rufus who was the son of William started in 1087 and lasted until 1100. Next king was Henry I who was the brother of William Rufus. His reign
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began
Revision questions for the test on Old English and Medieval Literature. 1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles
The foundation stones The Island Britain has a mild climate due to the Gulf Stream which brings warm waters from the Gulf of Mexico. The northern part of the island in average 5'C cooler and it's mountainous or hilly and that's why the south has been more populated.. Britain became an island only 5000 years BC after the Ice Age ended. Britain's prehistory The first evidence of human life on the island are dated back to 250 000 BC. 50 000 BC in a milder Ice Age period Britain became habitable again. People from that time were the ancestors of the modern British. 10 000 BC ige age ended and Britain became inhabited by small
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass
TEST – The history of London 1) London was definitely not an important place during the Celtic period. It was just a mosquito-infested swamp. 2) London became a trading centre during the Roman occupation. It was an important crossing point for the Romans over the river Thames. Market forces began to operate. With troops stationed and ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built
The Norman Conquest William I (the Conqueror) (1066 - 1087) On October 14, in the fateful Battle of Hastings, William defeated and killed Harold and seized the English throne. Two months after the Battle of Hastings, William I was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. The service was held on Christmas Day 1066, with all the traditional ceremonies associated with the coronation of English kings since the time of Edgar. William had gained his throne by accepting the English form of coronation, William emphasised his claim to be legitimate successor to Edward the Confessor. William I was a strong king and a man of immense determination. He was stern to people who opposed his will, but kindly disposed to those who did not. William saw England as an extension of his French domains. He dispossessed nearly all the Anglo-Saxon nobles of their lands, and put Normans in their places. These men
Tallinn English College Topic Great Britain 2007 1. Introduction The official name of Great Britain is `the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or short United Kingdom)' The population is about 60.4 million. The capital is London. Other biggest cities include Birmingham, Bristol, Portsmouth, Glasgow and Swansea. English is the main language of Great Britain, but Welsh is officially recognized in Wales and Gaelic in Scotland. 2. Geographical position The British Isles is the geographical term for a group of about 5000 islands off the coast of mainland Europe. The largest island is Great Britain, which is also the largest island in Europe. It consists of England, Wales and Scotland. The next largest island is Ireland, which is made up of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Britain and Northern Island together form the United Kingdom
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked ☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral
.......................................................................................... 8 Population and Ethnicity..............................................................................................9 3 Introduction The official name of the country is the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is an island country. It consists of the island of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain can be divided into three parts England, Wales and Scotland. Each of them has their own capital city. Glasgow in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and London in England. The country is situated in the north-western Europe. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres and about 60 million people live there. The UK contains a number of small islands. The largest islands that belong to the United
LONDON The history of the town is very closely linked with the history of the country itself. The name probably comes from the celtic words Llyn, which means a lake, and Dun, which means a fort or a strong place. Although the site was not important during the Celtic period (400 BC 43 AD) During the Roman occupation Londinium, as it was called then, was not influential politically, but was, however an important crossing point for the romans over the river Thames. Londinium was at a very good place, so it soon became a trading centre. In AD 61 the city was devastated by Boudicca, who led a revolt againt the Roman conquest of Britain. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. London was rapidly rebuilt, becoming the capital of the province Britannia
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government. Many people refer to the inhabitants of the British isles as 'the English', but England is only one of the countries
The early middle ages The Norman Conquest Since William was crowned king, there were many rebellions against the Normans. A small Norman army marched from village to village and destroyed the ones it couldn't control. The Normans took away the Saxon lords' land. Only a few Saxons who supported William could keep their land. Feudalism William gave parts of his conquered land to his captains around the country to avoid rebellions and uprisings. He also kept some land to himself to make sure his was much stronger than his nobles. Of all the farmland half went to his nobles, quarter to church and fifth he kept to himself. William organised the English kingdom according to feudal system. The main purpose of using that system was economic. King gave the land to "vassals" in return of army services and goods. When a noble dies, his son took over the estate. When there was no family, the
His fifth wife was young and beautiful but had many lovers and Henry didnt like it so she was sent to the Tower and was beheaded. HIs 6th wife survived. 3. Edward- was sickly and ruled only for a few years and then he died 4. Mary Tudor/Bloody Mary- was catholic and killed many protesntants. Ruled only for a few years and then died 5. Elizabeth I - very clever and educated,she was fluent in several languages. She wanted to unite England and make it a very important force in Europe. She never married and was called the "Virgin Queen". It was a very peaceful time, she loved theatre and plays. People had good lives and were entertained. Mary (catholic), The queen of Scots, was executed by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth had no heir. The power of the English monarch increased in this period. Bubonic plaguse killed one third of the population in England during its first
Medieval England 1066-1485 Eva Asper Anna Pohlak 11.c The Norman Dynasty The Norman Conquest In the 11th century, Normans conquered England - The Battle of Hastings 14.10.1066 The Anglo-Saxon forces had more soldiers but the Normans had better military tactics and won in the end thanks to a clever strategy William I, also known as William the Conqueror, replaced King Harold on the throne The invasion was completed by 1071 - The Norman invasion is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry a long embroidered cloth The death of King Harold embroidered on the Bayeux Tapestry The Norman England William I ensured his power by dividing the land into parts and making 1/7 of it a royal domain He made his nobles swear an oath of allegiance and become his vassals Died in 1087 while fighting in France, was
Contents Introduction...................................................3 London's early history.....................................45 The people of London......................................6 Buildings and bridges......................................7 Intruduction London is the capital of the united kingdom (UK), which is made up of Great Britain(England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. The city lies in the southeast of England and covers an area of about 1,578 square kilometres on either side of the River Thames. With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre. It has more than40 theatres, where audiences enjoy everything from musicals to William Shakespeare's plays
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