Kaudne kõne (0)

Kaudne kõne

1. Saatelause olevikus (he says that ...)
Kõneleja juttu saab edasi anda otseselt ( direct ) ja kaudselt ( reported ).
Otsene kõne: He says: “I am a man“
Kaudne kõne: He says (that) he is a man.
Kaudsel kõnel võivad muutuda asesõnad ja ka verbi pöördevormid.
She tells me: „I like your dress.“
She tells me (that) she likes my dress.
2. Saatelause minevikus (he said that ...)
Kui saatelause on minevikus, siis võivad samuti muutuda asesõnad ja verbi pöördevormid.

Pane tähele!

Oleviku vorm otseses kõnes muutub mineviku vormiks kaudses kõnes.
am/is --- was
are -- were
want/like/ know /go etc --- wanted /liked/knew/went etc
do/does --- did
have/has – had
will --- would
can --- could
wanted/liked --- had
wanted/had liked

 

Direct speech
Jo says:
Reported speech
Jo said:
„I like tennis .“
„John is going to learn it too.“
„ Mary has given up her hobby too.“
„I can´t play tennis on Monday “
„I don´t know when I can play it.“
„I will phone Mary when I can teach her.“
(that) she liked tennis.
(that) John was going to learn it too.
(that) Mary had given up her hobby too.
(that) she couldn´t play tennis on Monday.
(that) she didn´t know when she could play it. (that) she would phone Mary when she could teach her.

• Mõned „lähedust“ väljendavad sõnad kaudses kõnes vahetatakse „kaugust“ väljendavate vastu.
  

„Lähedust“ väljendavad sõnad
„Kaugust“ väljendavad sõnad
this
these
here
now
ago
today
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
next week/ year
that
those
there
then
before
that day
the next day
the day before
the previous night
the following week/year
He said: „I am coming to the party today.“ --- He said (that) he was coming to the party that day.
They said: „We are going out this evening.“ --- They said (that) they were going out that evening.

Pane tähele!

SAY SOMEBODY
SAY TO SOMEBODY
TELL SOMEBODY
3. Küsilaused kaudses kõnes
Kas-küsimused algavad kaudses kõnes if või whether. Kui otseses kõnes esinevad do, does, did, jäävad need kaudses kõnes ära. Sõnade järjestus on nagu tavalises lihtlauses st. alus seisab öeldise ees.
Direct speech
Reported speech
Mary asks me: „Do you like tennis?“
She asked : „Is John coming to see me?“
Tony asked: „Did you see Tom?“
Mary asks me if/whether I like tennis.
She asked if John was coming to see her.
Tony asked if I had seen Tom.

• Kaudsetes what, who, where, why, how, when jt-küsimustes jäävad need määrsõnad alles ning alus läheb öeldise ette.
  

Direct speech
Reported speech
She asked him: „How old are you?“
He asked her: „Why are you looking at me?“
Tony asked: „What is that?“
She asked him how old he was.
He asked her why she was looking at him.
Tony asked what that was.
4. Käsud, palved, soovitused, õnnitlused, soovid jne
• Jaatava lause puhul on lause järjekord järgnev: tell + sihitis + to - verb  
          The teacher said: „ Stand up.“ --- The teacher told us to stand up.
• Eitav lause: tell + sihitis + not + to - verb
          She said: „Don´t eat this.“ --- She ordered not to eat that.
Direct speech
Reported speech
He said: „Don´t cry.“
My mother said to me: „ Clean your room .“
He said: „Merry Christmas .“
He asked not to cry.
My mother ordered me to clean my room.
He wished me merry Christmas.