Writing Letter/Email [ greeting- PH1 Opening remarks, reason for writing-PH2,3 developments(arengud)-PH4 closing remarks- sign off] Informal- are sent to people you know well. Semi-formal- to your friend parents Formal-are normally sent to people an (friends, relatives) ect.. official position or to people u dont know well
WRITING LETTERS Letters of invitations Formal Informal Opening We would be honoured if you, I wish to I'm writing to invite you to, Why don't you remarks cordially invite you to, Your presence is come and spend some time, Please come required at, You are invited to attend, etc. to, I'd love it if you could come to, etc. Closing We should be grateful if you could inform I love to see you again, I hope you'll be remarks us, We hope to see you, Please indicate able to make it, Please let me know as whether you will be able to attend, etc. soon as possible, I'm looking forward to, etc. Accepting an invitation
LETTER OF APOLOGY Opening remarks: I am writing to apologise for/ I must apologise for/ Please accept my sincerest apologies for/ How can I apologise enough for .... , etc. Making amends: Please allow me to offer/ suggest .... As compensation (for) ... I insist on + ing form to make up your inconvenience/ loss, etc. Closing remarks: Once again, sincerest apologies for/ I hope you will accept my apologies/ I hope my apologies will be/ are accepted, etc. I hople you will forgive/overlook this regrettable error. THANK YOU LETTER Opening remarks:I am writing to thank you for.../ I am very grateful to you for .. Giving reasons for your positive experience:I am pleased that .../ One of the best things.../It has helped me a great deal Closing remarks: Once again, many thanks... NB! Thank twice!
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3.
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets TYPES OF LETTERS 1) Asking for advice I am writing to ask if you could help me with …
Letter of application Salutation Dear Sir or Madam Dear Sir/Madam Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Paragraph 1 Reason for writing, name of the available position (+add the source, if available) I am writing to apply for the post advertised in... I am writing in response to your advertisement in... Paragraph 2, 3 What are you doing now, previous experience Qualifications (also personality traits, if necessary) NB! Relevant information I have graduated from... (with honors) My degree is in... I attended a.... course Final paragraph + closing sentence
Smith (ja eesnime ei tohi kirjutada!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp Yours sincerely ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi Enda nime ei tohi mitte mingil juhul kirjutada!!!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Kirjade tüübid: 1) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb kelleltki nõu küsida, siis alustage: I am writing to ask if you could help me with... I am writing to ask for your advice... Ja lõpetage I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible või I look forward to receiving your advice... 2) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb ise nõustada, siis alustage: I am writing in reply to your letter asking advice about.... Ettepanekuid tehke nii ---- I would suggest that, I would advise you to... If I were you, I would do ( teine tingimuslause. Ja saate plussid veel keerulise konstruktsiooni eest)
Useful language FORMAL LETTERS Letters objecting to someone's plans I am writing to express my concern /disappointment / alarm at hearing ... I was extremely alarmed/sorry/distressed to hear about your plans to ... As I think you know, ... May I point out that ... I feel I really must object to ... I am extremely concerned at the thought that ... It must be very clear that ... If these proposals go ahead, ... will happen. Another threat to ... , if these proposals go ahead, would come from ... I dread to imagine what damage this will cause. May I respectfully suggest that you ...
Complaint with justification / explanation I was disappointed with the quality of the kettle that I bought at your store two days ago. I was appalled at the inferior quality of the kettle that was sold to me at your store two days ago. 4. Expected solution I expect you to replace the kettle or refund the money. I insist that you refund my money or replace the item at once. 5. Closing remarks I look forward to your reply on the matter. I hope this matter will be resolved. 6. Sign-off Letter of application 1. Salutation 2. Reasons for writing I am writing in response to your advertisement in Sakala on Tuesday March 24. I would like to apply for … 3. Qualifications + previous experience I have previous experience … . While at school I also worked for/at … . 4
Bedroom, living room, study room Fully furnished what furniture? 90 pounds per week any extras to pay like electricity? Ideal for student 36 Stewart Street does it have a phone? available how soon? London N4 2PP 0181 809 7985 A letter starts with a date, except when it is said that the date is not necessary. Usually on national examination, the date is already written on the writing paper. Date must be written on the first line of the task and aligned right. Possible ways of writing: May 8, 2010 8 May 2010 Any other ways of writing a date is not advised because if you do so, you may lose points in an extremely easy part of a writing task. On the next line of the letter it is important to start the letter with ,,Dear". In case you didn't get information from the task about the persons name you are writing to, you have to use ,,Dear Sir/Madam" or ,,Dear Sir or Madam"
This report looks at the dietary habits of twenty students in their final year at Freedonian Secondary School. The report is based on the students' responses to the questionnaire administered by the school's doctor. Meals The survey have revealed that the students do not have enough meals. Only eight of those questioned eat before school, and half of them have their midday meal at school. Worryingly, as few as four students have both breakfast and school lunch. Still more disturbing is the fact that an alarming proportion--approximately onethird--of the students have neither. Eating brown bread Interestingly enough, bread, a good source of fiber, enjoys popularity among young people. 75 per cent of the students surveyed eat three or more slices of brown bread per day, with only a quarter of respondents restricting themselves to one or two slices. Eating fat As regards fat consumption, the majority of the students eat margarine
information about a product or service offered by that person or company. These letters are often written in response to an advertisement. 1. What is the intended purpose of the inquiry that I intend to write? 2. Who is the intended recipient? 3. How can I let my recipient know that I am seriously interested in their product/service/job offer? General Rules to Follow: Be polite. Be clear and organized about what you want/need to know. Express thankfulness for time and effort. The K.I.S.S. principle keep it short and simple SAMPLE LETTER Dear Ms Smith I am writing in response to your advertisement to enquire about the pub and restaurant placement in England. /I am writing to enquire about the pub and restaurant placement in England, as advertised by you. To start with, where in England/in which area of England is the workplace located? Could you also tell me which positions are
Writing and Me When I was younger I absolutely loved to read books and desperately yearned to be a writer. The idea of waking up in the morning and not having to go to work appealed to me, I imagined the life of a writer as something relaxed and effortless. If I were a writer I could sleep until noon if I wished to, take my morning coffee to the balcony, light a cigarette, let the sun lightly kiss my face and just write. About anything. And it would come naturally. Except it did not. Do you know the feeling after you wake up from a really good dream? When you are desperately clinging to it, trying to remember everything, but it all just floats away as if you were trying to catch smoke with your bare hands? That is what writing feels like to me. I used
This is Jane Smith. I'm Jane Smith. My name's John Smith. Informal introduction Hi. John. Jane. Hello. Titles: Mr Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening! 'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some
RSVP by 15 September. 1 Kirjapraktika Portfoolio 2013 c) postcard Hi Dad Being in Portugal has been amazing so far. Jeremy and I have seen so many wonderful things. We've been swimming almost every day. I have also enjoyed the vibrant night life they enjoy here, we went dancing last night. I only wish I could share more of it with you guys. I miss you all so much. Lots of love and kisses to everyone! Love Regina 3. Descriptions a) an object My bed in the dormitory is a bunk bed. It is a huge old light brown wooden piece of furniture. It squeaks when I switch sides or when I climb into it. I sleep on the second level and sometimes I am truly scared for my life. It is not as sturdy as I would like it to be. The bottom step on the ladder is
.............................. 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7 Asking about possibilities ..................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8 Introduction Modal Verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they ‘help’ another verb, i.e. they are always used with another verb in its base form. e.g. I can swim. Do you think I should go? Characteristics of Modal Verbs • There is no -s in the third person singular: She can ski. He must be tired. It might rain. • They are used to form questions and negatives: Shall we go for a walk? What should I do?
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no. (past simple in both parts of the sentence) 1 First conditional
Chapter 18 Chapter 39 Chapter 59 Chapter 19 Chapter 40 Chapter 60 Chapter 20 Chapter 41 Chapter 61 Chapter 21 Chapter 42 Chapter 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr. Bennet made no answer. "Do you not want to know who has taken it
LETTER 2010 03/05/12 Dear Ms. Lake, I am writing with regard to your advertisement in the magazine ,,Yes". First of all, briefly about me: I am a 14 year-old-girl from Dublin and I would like to get this job to support my studies. I think that I am suitable for the job, because I am very enthusiastic. Moreover, I have had experience of working in a summer camp. Secondly, I would like to know what kind of work i have to do and how hard it is. Finally, Could you tell me where the Bundoran exactly is and when the summer camp work begins? In addition, I would like to know how much payment I am going to get. I would appreciate it if you could inform me as soon as possible. Yours sincerely, Mari Mets ESSAY 2010 Stress in the Life of Young People Today Stress is a natural part of young people's lives. Negative stress can affect people's ability to be positive. I'd probably agree with the statement.
already): Hello! Hello, Mary, Dear Mary, Specifics ending a letter If you begin with "Dear Sir/Madam,", end with "Yours faithfully," If you begin with "Dear Mr/Ms Smith,", end with "Yours sincerely," If the letter is impersonal, not so official or you have been sending many emails to each other, "Regards, Best regards, Best wishes, ..." is also acceptable Commas after the opening and closing remarks! (and then start the next line with a capital letter) Dates Dates are always said as "the first of April, the twentysecond of June" etc. British English: 2 April, 2005; 02/04/2005 American English: April 2, 2005; 04/02/2005 Enquiry I am writing to you to enquire/apologise/explain/ask/send/... Thank you for your enquiry of (date) about/concerning (object) In answer/response to the question about... With regard/reference to ... I have attached/in the attachment you will find ...
I am writing in order to invite you to our class during the ,,Back to school" week. I think that your coming to my class would be really instructive and interesting for students. It would give everyone an opportunity to ask about your school times, life as a president and your position. I am sure that find out about your professional knowledge, perks and official duties helps us to understand your profession better. However, the lesson would be in English, so students can express them thoughts and ask questions in English. It would help us to evolve our communication in the formal way and it makes us richer by the experience. Visiting our school would be useful for you too. We could discuss about the problems in the education system and offer our solutions to improve an education. You could communicate with the younger generation who respect you and will be indescribably happy about you visiting. It would be a great honour to get you in our school.
Dear Sir/Madam I am writing to complain about the computer I bought at your store last week. When I tried to turn the computer on at home, it did not work. The screen was black and the computer made an odd noise. I performed in the manner as the user manual wrote. Since the computer was guaranteed for 2 years, I took it back to your store but the shop assistant did not help me. She was impolite and arrogant and she said that she could do nothing. I am most disappointed and require my money back or a new product. I hope that this problem will find a solution in a week. Yours faithfully Mari Mets (117) January 21, 2014 Dear Sir/Madam I am writing in response to your advertisement in the last week edition of "The Job-Hunter". I would like to attend the TV talent show.
the verb She had been driving around the city for three hours before she finally found the right office. The Future Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future actions. Thomas will graduate in June. Maria is going to go to Mexico next week. The Future The simple present and present continuous are also used to express future time. These are often used used in connection with schedules. She is meeting a new client at eleven o'clock. The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow. The Future Continuous This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future. Formed by adding at 10 a.m. tomorrow [will have]+ing by the time you arrive
I agree that in a small town it is often harder to find the right resources for going abroad. Some years ago I felt this kind of situation very clearly. I really wanted to see the world! The only question was how, because my financial resources were limited. Nevertheless, I think, it is the perfect situation in life. If you are eager to get something you have to think how it is possible to fulfill your dreams. I knew I was interested in writing and photography . Then came the question, how could I combine them. I examined the theme thoroughly and to my suprise there have always been many nationwide competitions for students and the prize sometimes has been a journey to somewhere. I rememember clearly that the first prize that I got for an essay was a backpack and the first journey that I won was to Brussels. To this day, thanks to these competitions, I have had the chance to visit about ten foreign countries and many of them even twice
synthesize your important personal characteristics and experiences in a coherent whole while simultaneously addressing your desire to attend that particular college Selecting the Essay Topic The key to a strong essay is a good topic. When selecting a topic, you should keep in mind to choose a topic that allows you to demonstrate your skills and individuality, a topic that answers the essay question while telling the reviewers what they really want to know. To begin with, you should first read the essay question carefully and try to understand what the reviewers want to know, keep in mind that essay questions are designed to let the reviewers judge why you should be admitted to that particular college. There are several different kinds of essay questions. Some of the most common types of essay questions and the purposes behind them are given below: Key Influence Questions: 2
Subject: Suggested improvements Date:2nd May 2011 The purpose of this report is to comment on conditions in the college and to make recommendations for possible improvements. Although conditions are generally good, there are one or two problems. Firstly, in large classes, there is not much desk space. Secondly, the classrooms tend to be darl, especially in the winter months. Finally, during video lessons, some of us find it difficult to see screen properly. There are number of changes that could be made in order to improve the situation. To begin with, I would strongly suggest that the number of students per class kept to below ten. In this way... To sump up, while most of us are satisfied with the conditions, I feel that above improvements would make things even better. If these suggestions were carried out... Complaint Dear Sir I am writing to complain about the holiday apartment I rented from you on 15th of August. I believe your advertisement was misleading in a number of ways.
com. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. The publisher is not engaged in rendering professional sevices, and you should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
We're only paying what is due you, mother. Why must you go away in such a hurry? MADAME PERNELLE Because I can't endure your carryings-on, And no one takes the slightest pains to please me. I leave your house, I tell you, quite disgusted; You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect pandemonium. DORINE If . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a servant wench, my girl, and much Too full of gab, and too impertinent And free with your advice on all occasions. DAMIS But . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a fool, my boy--f, o, o, l Just spells your name. Let grandma tell you that I've said a hundred times to my poor son, Your father, that you'd never come to good Or give him anything but plague and torment. MARIANE I think . . . MADAME PERNELLE O dearie me, his little sister! You're all demureness, butter wouldn't melt In your mouth, one would think to look at you. Still waters, though, they say . . . you know the proverb;
sellest tulenevaid tagajärgi. Iga soovitus tuleb esitada eraldi paragrahvina. Lõppsõna peaks lühidalt kokku võtma kõik selle, mida eelnevalt käsitleti. Essee eeldab ametlikku stiili, seega lühendvorme ja slängi kasutada ei tohi. Essees võiks kasutada järgmisi sõnu ja väljendeid: Et jagada soovitusi: It would help if/be a good idea if … A/Another useful suggestion would be to … The situation could be improved if/by … Steps/Measures should be taken in order to solve/deal with … Et esitada resultaate ja tagajärgi: In this way …; This would …; Then…; if …, the result would be …; The effect/consequence/result … would be … . Lõpetuseks: In conclusion/Finally/To sum up/All things considered 4. The 3 Rs in education are Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic. In our everyday life: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
............................................................ 2 B. Unreal Conditionals ......................................................... 3 Linking words used in Conditionals ...................................... 4 Conditionals Conditions deal with imagined situations: some are possible, some are unlikely, some are impossible. A. Real Conditionals Real Conditionals refer to situations that are true, have happened, generally happen or are likely to happen. The First Conditional expresses a possible condition and a probable result: If I have time, I will help you. In the if-clause we use the Present Simple, in the main clause will + the verb. We can also use the Present Continuous or Perfect in the if-clause and a Modal Verb in the main clause. If we are having a party tomorrow, we shouldn’t go out tonight. If you have finished with the computer, you should turn it off.
Formal transactional letter Complaining: I am writing to you about (several problems related to my city break in June). I have been waiting for (two weeks for replay to my letter). To make matters worse, (we were informed that there was no record of our cheque being cashed). I am writing to complain about... I am sorry to inform you that... I was very disappointed with... I have some complaints about... I would be grateful if you could (refund the cost of the holiday as soon as possible.) Requesting: I am writing in response to (your advertisement in The Daily Standard on July 20th) I would be grateful if you could (send me further details about the position) I am writing to enquire whether (you colud let me have further details about the holiday) I would like to know more about (the arrangements for the evening meal) I am writing for information about... I would like to learn/ know more about...
UNIT 1 Writing in the Business World Writing gives structure and form to our ideas. In the business world this is done for a purpose: to persuade, recommend, offer advice, give an order, etc. The business text must therefore be easily and quickly read and its message must be understood exactly as intended. If you learn to recognize and avoid the more common errors of information control, grammar and style, you will achieve this aim. You will write more confidently and more correctly if you check everything you write. Pay particular attention to the following:
he does not believe in anything and he does not wait anything of the life. He scorns the “literary life” and also the things that normally soften everybody: the romantic love, the memories of the childhood, the nature, etc. Keywords: Larkin, poetry, cruelty, suffering, nature Index Introduction 4 1. Chapter I 5 1.1. Larkin Studies Points of View: Biography and Poetry 5 1.2. Larkin Stylistic Map 8 2. Chapter II 11 2.1 Expressing Himself 11 3. Conclussion 15 4. References 16 INTRODUCTION Philip Larkin is one of the most important English poets of the new Era, due to
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