Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Inglise keele konspekt". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
letter, there, present, simple, formal, perfect, continuous, clean, report, paragraph, verb, passive, going, body, format, informal, active, ennustus, dear, first, cleaned, since, linking, words, room, kõneviis, baseerub, palve, something, üldistus, cent, results, money, addition, ajavormid, umbisikuline, conditionals, tingimusega, laused, essay, oralThe telephone was invented by Bell. NB! The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence. The doer of the action is indicated by a by phrase. When the doer of the action is not important, the ’by phrase’ is omitted: Active: Someone locks the office every evening. Passive: The office is locked every evening. Tenses in the Passive Voice A passive verb is the verb be in the right tense + a Past Participle (PP) • Present Simple: am/are/is + PP The office is locked every evening. • Past Simple: was/were + PP My car was stolen last night. • Future Simple: will be + PP No disciplinary action will be taken against you. • Present Continuous: am/are/is being + PP The house is being painted at the moment. 2 • Past Continuous: was/were being + PP
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs,
· Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo B Bravo P Papa C Charlie Q Quebec D Delta R Romeo
garden. Kui me tahame teada, kes või mis oli tegija, saame moodustada passiivi küsimuse Who/ What ... by?: Who was the book written by? Passiivi moodustatakse be (is/ was jne) + mineviku kesksõna (past participle) ehk III põhivorm (done/ cleaned/ seen jne). Aktiivilause sihitisest saab passiivilause alus. Aktiivilause tegusõna jääb samasse ajavormi, kuid muutub passiivseks. Aktiivilause alus ehk tegija jäetakse ära või pannakse lause lõppu prepositsiooni by järele: Present simple passive am/ is/ are + III pv (cleaned/ seen jne) Many accidents are caused by careless driving. Present simple active: Somebody cleans this room every day. passive: This room is cleaned every day. Past simple passive was/ were + III pv (cleaned/ seen jne) We were woken up by a loud noise during the night. Past simple active: Somebody cleaned this room yesterday. passive: This room was cleaned yesterday. These rooms were cleaned yesterday.
..), siis jäetakse by- fraas ära. Aktiivlause muutmine passiivlauseks: 1. Leiame sihitise ja muudame ta aluseks. 2. Määrame öeldise ajavormi ja asendame ta passiivi vastava ajaga 3. Leiame aluse ja muudame ta eessõna by abil sihitiseks. Example: Jane baked a cake.-active sentence A cake was baked by Jane.-passive sentence Exampple: My bike was stolen. Tence Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter Passiv: A Letter is written by Rita Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter Passiv: a letter was written by Rita Present perfect Active: Rita has written a letter
Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
Report To:headmaster From:Liis Subject: Suggested improvements Date:2nd May 2011 The purpose of this report is to comment on conditions in the college and to make recommendations for possible improvements. Although conditions are generally good, there are one or two problems. Firstly, in large classes, there is not much desk space. Secondly, the classrooms tend to be darl, especially in the winter months. Finally, during video lessons, some of us find it difficult to see screen properly. There are number of changes that could be made in order to improve the situation. To begin with, I would strongly suggest that the number of students per class kept to below ten. In this way...
adjectives. "A set of words like dog, child, cat, man, bird where the individual words are mutually substitutable is known as a word class..." Definitions a) A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. b) A verb expresses an action, process or state. c) An adjective is a describing word which modifies a noun. "Although such definitions will identify many members of a word class, linguists generally agree that they need to be supplemented by formal tests. e.g. sincerity Sincerity can be frightening misery Lee is misery itself. Such miseries are uncommon Distribution: - a distribution test Kim is an engine driver. an adjective or a noun? *Kim seems engine. cf. Kim seems happy. *Kim's as engine as Chris. cf. Kim's as happy as Chris. Kim is an electric engine driver. *Kim is an electrically engine driver
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted
INGLISE KEELE KORDAMINE TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening
PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + Ving + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Past Tense
........................ 3 Linking words used in Conditionals ...................................... 4 Conditionals Conditions deal with imagined situations: some are possible, some are unlikely, some are impossible. A. Real Conditionals Real Conditionals refer to situations that are true, have happened, generally happen or are likely to happen. The First Conditional expresses a possible condition and a probable result: If I have time, I will help you. In the if-clause we use the Present Simple, in the main clause will + the verb. We can also use the Present Continuous or Perfect in the if-clause and a Modal Verb in the main clause. If we are having a party tomorrow, we shouldn’t go out tonight. If you have finished with the computer, you should turn it off. It can also be used in offers and suggestions, or warnings and threats. If you need a ticket, I can get you one. If you don’t study harder, you won’t pass the exam.
1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a new job A work B have worked C is working D worked 5) My father........already worked for two years before he went to University. A was B had C has D is 3. Change the order of the words to make a correct sentence. ( 5 points ) 1) I wonder / can / you / me / help / if 2) a / my / to / written / I / mother / already / letter / long / have
Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3.A future fact: They're going to break the window. He will be ten next year. 4.Promises / requests / refusal / willingness: I'll help you with your homework. Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future continuous, but with state verbs: I'll be at the station when you arrive. 'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I
I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking? He/she/it is going He/she/it is not going Is he/she/it going? We/you/they are making We/you/they are not making Are we/you/they making? NB! ERANDID!
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no.
sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112
TEGUSÕNA PASSIIVI AJAD Present Present Simple Continuous Present Perfect AM + BEING + III HAVE/HAS + BEEN + OLEVIK AM/IS/ARE + III pv pv III pv nt. I am often invited to nt.She is being nt. They have been parties. manipulated. silenced by her sharp tongue. Passiivi
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his I'm having lunch with my parents. parents. past perfect simple
I will be asked. I will have been asked. Will I be asked? Will I have been asked? I will not been asked. I will not have been asked. Active Passive Once a week, Tom cleans the Once a week, the house is cleaned Simple Present house. by Tom. Present Right now, Sarah is writing the Right now, the letter is being Continuous letter. written by Sarah. Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam. The salesman was helping the The customer was being helped by Past customer when the thief came into the salesman when the thief came Continuous
Ways of expressing the Future Table of Contents Future Simple ...................................................................... 2 Be going to ........................................................................... 3 Present Continuous .............................................................. 3 Present Simple ..................................................................... 4 Future Continuous ............................................................... 4 Future Perfect....................................................................... 6 Other ways of referring to the future ..................................... 7 Other future references......................................................... 8 Future Simple In Future Simple we use the modal verb will + the verb. It is the same in all persons. I will work I’ll work
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7 Eessõnad 7 Kesksõnad 8
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
First Conditional: A real possibility in the future A First Conditional sentence is for future actions dependent on the result of another future action or event, where there is a reasonable possibility of the conditions for the action being satisfied. Formation: if + present simple, + will For example: If she gets good grades, she will go to university. We are talking about the future, but we use a present tense for the condition and will for the result. In this case, the person is sure about going to university. We can use other modal verbs in the result part of the sentence. For example: I Condition Result Possibility F she gets good she will go to If the condition is met, then she definitely If grades, university. will go he gets good he may go to
Active Present Past Future Simple I work II (-ed) Will + I usually Don’t work Didn’t work Will not work
.................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8 Introduction Modal Verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they ‘help’ another verb, i.e. they are always used with another verb in its base form. e.g. I can swim. Do you think I should go? Characteristics of Modal Verbs • There is no -s in the third person singular: She can ski. He must be tired. It might rain. • They are used to form questions and negatives: Shall we go for a walk? What should I do? He can’t dance. You mustn’t tell lies! • Modal auxiliary verbs don’t usually have past forms. Other expressions are used instead: I had to work hard at school. The prisoner was able to/managed to escape by climbing onto the roof of the prison
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused)
english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex6.htm eagles We us the • when we talk about a specific thing. • when it is clear which thing or person we mean. A – AN - THE • when there is only one of something. Examples: What is the highest building in the world? Washington is the capital of the United States.
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
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