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Degrees of comparison (0)

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Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Degrees of Comparison  
 
 
 
Table of Contents 
 
 
Degrees of Comparison ......................................................... 2 
Formation of comparatives and superlatives from adjectives 
and adverbs :......................................................................... 2 
Adjectives ................................................................. 2 
Adverbs .................................................................... 4 
Types of comparisons  ........................................................... 4 
 
 
Degrees of Comparison 
  
Degrees of Comparison are used to compare things (living beings, actions, 
phenomena, etc). 
We use the  comparative degree  to compare two things: 
 She’s 
shorter  than  me. 
 John 
works  
harder than Jim. 
After a comparative we use than
  
We use the superlative degree to compare more than two things: 
Mary is shorter than Jane but Judy is the shortest of the three   
sisters. 
Ben is the shortest boy in his class
The  superlative degree is usually used with the definite article the
 
Formation of comparatives and superlatives from adjectives and 
adverbs: 
  
Adjectives 
  
1) one- syllable Adjectives 
  
•  for one-syllable adjectives, add –er to form the comparative and -est to 
form the superlative:  
sweet   
sweeter   
the sweetest 
If an adjective ends with a  mute  –e, it is omitted: 
         late            later           the latest 
NOTE ! For one-syllable adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant , we double the 
consonant: 
big    
bigger   
the biggest 
•  with one-syllable adjectives ending in –ed we use more and most  
pleased 
more pleased 
most pleased 
 

2) two-syllable Adjectives 
  
•  with two-syllable adjectives ending in –ly, -y, -w, we also add –er/-est  
narrow  
 
narrower    
the narrowest 
NOTE! For adjectives ending in a consonant + y we replace  –y with –i
happy  
happier  
the happiest 
•  with some two-syllable adjectives we can use either –er, -est or more and 
most, e.g. clever, common, friendy, gentle, pleasant,  polite , shallow,  simple
stupid, quiet  (consult the dictionary, but, to be on the  safe side, you can always use -er, -est): 
 simple simpler   the 
simplest 
OR simple 
more simple 
most simple 
  
•  with other two-syllable adjectives comparatives and superlatives are formed  
with more/most:  
A) adjectives ending in –ful or -less 
  
 
careful  more careful 
most careful 
  
 
hopeless  more hopeless 
most hopeless 
B) words ending in –ing or –ed 
  
 
boring 
more boring 
most boring 
  
 
surprised more surprised  most surprised  
C) many others, e.g.  afraid , certain, correct , eager, exact, famous, 
foolish, frequent, modern, nervous, normal, recent 
   
 
exact  
more exact  
most exact 
  
3) three-syllable and longer Adjectives 
  
With three-syllable and longer adjectives we use more/most
interesting   
more interesting   
most interesting 
  
 

Adverbs 
  
With adverbs that have the same form as their adjectives ( hard , fast, free,  early
late , high, few,  deep , long, near , right,  straight ) we add –er or -est
hard   
harder    the 
hardest 
Two-syllable or compound adverbs take more/most: 
 
often  
more often   
most often   
easily  
more easily  
most easily 
  
Irregular forms of Adjectives and Adverbs: 
good /well 
 better 
  best  
bad/badly 
 worse 
  worst 
much 
  more 
  most 
many   
          more   
 
most 
little  
  less 
  least  
far  
 
farther/further  farthest/furthest 
 
Types of comparisons 
  
we use more/most and their opposites less/least to compare quantities  
  
I haven ’t got many friends; you’ve got more than I have. 
Tom spends less  money  on food than I do, but Peter spends the least
  
as + Adjective + as shows that people or things are similar in some way. In 
negative statements we use not as/so ... as  
  
Kate is as tall as Mary
  
more/less + Adjective + than expresses the difference between people or things  
  

find that  Philosophy  is less interesting than Psychology
 
 

much/a lot/far/ slightly + comparative expresses the degree of difference 
between two people or things  
  
Paul is slightly taller than  Richard
  
the most/least + Adjective + of/in compares one person or thing to two or 
more people or things in the same group  
  
Rebecca  is the least athletic girl in my class
  
by far + the + superlative emphasizes the difference between one person or 
thing and other people or things in the same group  
  
Helen is by far the most attractive girl in the beauty  contest
  
comparative + and + comparative shows that something is increasing or 
decreasing.  
  
The climate in Estonia is getting  warmer and warmer
  
the + comparative, the + comparative is used to say that a change in one 
thing goes with a change in another  
  
The sooner we leave, the sooner we’ll get  there
The faster you drive , the better
The more you study , the more you know . 
  
So and such a  
  
So is followed by adjectives - be + so + adjective
The soup  was so hot that I couldn’t eat it. 
You are so beautiful
 

Such a(n)  is followed by a noun or an adjective plus noun – be+ such + a(n)  
(+ Adjective) + noun:  
 It 
was 
such an awful day! 
 
He is such a  fool
With singular countable nouns such a(n) is used 
It was such a slow train  that I arrived  late for the  meeting
With uncountable or plural countable nouns such is used. 
They were such large tablets  that I couldn’t swallow  them
It was such poor quality  oil that it damaged my car engine .  
 
Adjectives ending in –ly 
  

Although many adjectives form adverbs by adding  –ly ( quick , quickly), there are 
some adjectives which end in –ly. The most common are: 
friendly , lively, lovely, ugly, silly, cowardly, motherly
To use these words adverbially, you have to say ‘in a friendly way’, etc.  
He was very friendly. (Adjective) 
He spoke to me in a friendly way. ( Adverb ) 
  
 
 

Document Outline

  • Table of Contents
  •  Degrees of Comparison 
  • Formation of comparatives and superlatives from: 
    • Adjectives 
    •  Adverbs 
  • Types of comparisons 
Vasakule Paremale
Degrees of comparison #1 Degrees of comparison #2 Degrees of comparison #3 Degrees of comparison #4 Degrees of comparison #5 Degrees of comparison #6
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