Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Võrdlev tööõigus - inglisekeelne". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
employment, work, employee, social, employer, working, case, worker, reason, labour, period, cause, reasons, months, objective, policy, conditions, strategy, term, market, security, improve, contract, date, treaty, workers, other, combat, subject, judge, serious, improved, protection, between, training, equal, applicable, member, full, fair, growthprocedural and substantive fairness menetluslik ja sisuline õigus 174. prohibited standard clauses 175. consumer association tarbijate ühistu 176. valid legally acceptable; having force 177. contract an agreement between two or more parties 178. counteroffer vastupakkumine (offer made in reply to another offer) 179. transaction an agreement between a buyer and a seller to Exchange an asset for payment 180. to harmonise to cause to be in agreement with each other or sth else 181. to conclude sõlmima (to arrange or settle sth after lõng talking or argument; to bring about) 182. term condition or duty which has to be carried out as part of a contract 183. reciprocal given and received in return; exchanged between two people or groups 184. binding which legally forces someone to do sth 185. bilateral involving two parties; binding on both parties 186
............................................................................................. 17 3.1. The essence of the tax system, the principles and functions of taxes .................................. 17 3.2. The main taxes ...................................................................................................................... 20 3.3. Tax rates in 2013 in Russia .................................................................................................... 22 4. LABOUR RELATIONS (INCLUDING IMMIGRATION LAWS) ......................................................... 25 4.1. Entry and stay of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation ................................................ 25 4.2. Types of visas for foreign citizens in the Russian Federation................................................ 25 4.3. Migration Registration of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation .................................. 28 4.3.1
economic challenges due to economic liberalization reforms. In this direction, Georgian Govern- ment made several important steps: Tax -The administration of tax and customs systems has been simplified. The number and rates of taxes have been significantly reduced making it easier for local and foreign businesses to do business. Currently, there are only 6 taxes and no capital gains, inheritance, wealth, property transfer; social, branch remittance or any other taxes are in place in Georgia. The coming into effect of a new comprehensive Tax Code (including customs legislation) on January 1, 2011 con- stitutes a further milestone in the development of tax legislation. Licenses and permits - Georgia has dramatically reduced licensing and permitting requirements to ease constraints on business. The total number of licenses and permits was cut by 84% in re-
- Election of Spaak – relaunching integration at the Messina Conference 1955 - Integration in all aspects of economy - Creation of a single market - Marginalization of federal idea The creation of EEC - Spaak report - Treaties of Rome (1958) 4 goals: - Single market within 12 years - Elimination of custom duties and tariffs - Extablisment of common agriculture, trade, transpoer, competition policy - Creation of European Social Fund and European Investment Bank Single market - Free trade area for goods - Common policies on product regulation and freedom of movement of the factors of production - A Common Market is a first stage towards a signle market Merger of Institutions - 1965 - Elimination of Commission and council of Euratom and the High Authority and Council of ECSC Single European Act - 1986 - First relevant amendments of the treatiers after rome
non-contentious responsible for to decide whether preferred term for a matters usually assuring the law is or not to instigate practising lawyer in concerned with followed and carried (põhjustama, certain jurisdictions estates, deeds, powers- out in every case. kaasa tooma) legal of-attorney, and Judges also read proceedings foreign and through court to appear in court international business. documents and may A notary's main research legal issues. functions are to administer oaths and affirmations, take affidavits and statutory
overweight in decision making. New markets may provide opportunities for foreign businessmen via larger consumer base, market consolidation potential, low market saturation or low-level consumption of a product, providing therefore potential for growth and so on. Yet, again, thorough knowledge of the country's business and regulatory environment helps to adjust expectations accordingly and start business prepared to what otherwise might be costly surprise. The above said is very true in case of Ukraine and Belarus. These markets, Ukraine in particular, attracted since its Independence and continues attracting a lot of interest from foreign investors. Complicated and often confusing business and regulatory environment, official bureaucracy, corruption and so on remains significant obstacles for foreign investors and businessmen. Some have been successful and some decided to pull out from Ukraine. Corruption
civil war (kodusõda) - (armed) conflict between politicalfactions or religions within same county industrialization (industrialiseerimine) - a large-scale introduction of manufacturing occupation (okupatsioon) - permanent trade, profession, empouement, bussiness or means of livelihood or possession of real property or use of a thing court ruling (kohtumäärtus) - a decision made by court precendent (pretsedent) - judicial decision that serves as an authority for deciding a later (similar) case equity (õiglus) - system of jurisprudence founded on principals of natural justice and fair conduct to appeal (edasi kaebama) - application or proceeding for review by higher court to change precious decision to solve a dispute (konflikti lahendama) - finding a solution to a conflict to force someone (kedagi sundima) - making someone act in some way against their own will to fulfill a contract (lepingut täitma) - to complete the obligations from the contract that were given to each party
cost of utilities utilities European Union / EFTA Russia Turkey/Middle East 5. Government incentives 5. Government incentives Social Social security security benefits benefits 4. Educated & skilled workforce 4. Educated & skilled workforce .80 Tax Tax benefits
Chinese toy factories introduction There’s a reason how US children can have their toys so cheap. About 75% of the world's toys come from China, where migrant workers are paid an average salary of $240 a month. Extreme poverty in China's rural areas drives many people from the countryside into the cities to look for these types of jobs. facts Every day, the workers have to arrive 15 minutes before the regular work shift begins for a work assembly. Their living conditions are prison-like. Up to six people share small, cramped dormitories and up to 50 people share one bathroom. Schools send student workers to these factories to do “internships." Some factories promise workers a 10- minute break after every two hours of work. Most workers never have benefited from these promises. After the work shift, there's another work assembly that lasts 15 minutes.
legislative and budgetary powers with the Council. It likewise has equal control over the EU budget. The European Commission, the executive body of the EU, is accountable to Parliament. In particular, Parliament elects the President of the Commission, and approves (or rejects) the appointment of the Commission as a whole. The President of the European Parliament (Parliament's speaker) is Martin Schulz. The European Parliament has three places of work – Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg and Strasbourg (France). The European Council The role of the European Council is to provide the European Union with the necessary impetus for its development and to define the general political guidelines. The European Council is the group of heads of state or government of the EU member states, along with the council's own President and the President of the European Commission. The European
workstation, in particular information on such measures applicable to workstations as are implemented under Articles 3, 7 and 9. In all cases, workers or their representatives shall be informed of any health and safety measure taken in compliance with this Directive. 2. Without prejudice to Article 12 of Directive 89/391/EEC, every worker shall also receive training in use of the workstation before commencing this type of work and whenever the organization of the workstation is substantially modified. The employer must plan the worker's activities in such a way that daily work on a display screen is periodically interrupted by breaks or changes of activity reducing the workload at the display screen.
TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Social Sciences Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance ! ! ! ! Elise Tõllimäe Pay-for performance: necessary or unsuitable way to increase efficiency in the public sector Essay
EU Internal Market Group Work I: History and Purpose of the Internal Market Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants.
SO1: Good reputation on the local market WO1: Not enough qualified employees to SO2: Extensive and varying customer base support numerous customers SO3: Relations with foreign partners in WO2: Project-orientedness implies a Baltic states, Scandinavia and UK multitude of different code to support SO4: Reliable employee base WO3: Unattractive and obscure web SO5: Attractive inspiring office space in the representation and interface of products very heart of the city WO4: Too many areas of services SO6: WebMountain the core for efficient WO5: Absence of real international business and easy building of information systems network
Dependent Territories citizens – British Overseas citizens = persons connected with former British colonies (Malaysia and Kenya) – British Nationals (Overseas) = status created by the Hong Kong Act 1985 – British Protected Person (BPP). 15. Right of abode- an individual's freedom from immigration control in a particular country. A person who has the right of abode in a country does not need permission from the government to enter the country and can live and work there without restriction. Generally, in order to have the right of abode in a certain country, a person must be a citizen of that country. Those with permanent residency of the country generally have a de facto right of residence but it can be revoked in certain circumstances, for example for being convicted of crimes. 16. Print media- (newspapers and magazines). Print media is one of the oldest and basic forms of mass communication
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts..
1980) Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (Wellington, 2 June 1988) Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid, 4 October 1991) Arctic isn't regulated in the same way because it's not a continent and the law of the sea applies there, it's easier that way. Home task situation in western sahara, recognition , international court of nation un. Read the case Rainbow warrior, know details, clearly Recognition of the States A political act by which one state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government, thereby according it legitimacy and expressing its intent to bring into force the domestic and international legal consequences of recognition. Not only recognition of the country, but also the government (e.g. after a revolution there will be a new government, or when there's occupation or when government is in exile, e.g
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks
and contracting-out. NPM comes from Anglo-America, and it was strongly pushed by most of the International Finance Institutions (IFI's) such as the World Bank and the IMF. It originates from the 1980s with their dominance of neo-liberal governments (especially Thatcher and Reagan) and the perceived crisis of the Welfare state, but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s. NPM is part of the neo-classical economic imperialism within the social sciences, i.e. the tendency to approach all questions with neo-classical economic methods. In advanced PA scholarship itself, especially but not only in Europe, NPM is on the defensive by now, if taken as a world view (i.e. an ideology), rather than as one of several useful perspectives for PA reform (i.e. part of a pluralistic approach). The question here is more whether one favors post-NPM (anti-NPM) or post-post-NPM,
56 budget eelarve 57 budgetary surpluses eelarve ülejääk 58 budgeting eelarve koostamine 59 bulge hindade ajutine äkktõus 60 burden of debt võlakoorem 61 business entity majandusüksus 62 business management ärijuhtimine 63 business venture äririsk 64 canon seadus, eeskiri 65 capacity for work töövõime 66 capital contributions panus 67 capital gearing rahasuhe 68 capital market kapitali turg 69 cash book kassa 70 cash dispenser (ATM) sularaha automaat 71 cash flow forecasts rahavoogude prognoos 72 central bank keskpank 73 chain pankade, kaupluste kett 74 charges kulud, kulutused 75 charity heategevus
import duties that range from 10 to 100 percent (but average 15 percent on most goods). The highest tariffs are on tobacco, automobiles, jewelry, and gasoline. The personal income tax level is 33 percent with rates of between 10 to 35 percent on supplemental income from investments or interest dividends. Labour law Essential political economic and legal reforms started after the independence of Lithuania in 1990. Since then the legal system has been reformed to meet the demands of the social and economic changes brought by the return to democracy and the free market economy system. The population of Lithuania is 3.4 million, with a labour force of 1.6 million. Unemployment has been low, but has increased to almost 10 per cent during 2009. All employees in Lithuania have equal employment rights, regardless of race, colour, gender, age, disability or sexual orientation. The five-day working week with two rest days is the standard established under the law.
Luxembourg compromise – solution for the empty chair crisis: weaker commission, veto power, common argiculture policy, qualified majority voting 1967 UK re-applies to join the Community. 1968 Agreement of EEC’s common external tarif 1972 Referendum in Norway on joining; majority votes against. Launch of „snake in the tunnel“ 1973 January: Denmark, Ireland and the UK join the European Communities. 1974 April: foreign secretary James Callaghan makes statement to the Council on the new Labour government’s policy on the Community. Calls for major changes in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), "fairer methods of financing the Community budget" and solutions to monetary problems. December: the Community’s heads of state or government decide to hold meetings three times a year as the European Council, agree direct elections to the European Parliament, resolve to set up the European Regional Development Fund and establish economic and monetary union. 1975
Job share-töökoha jagamine (works in a bank job share) Career break-tööpaus,palgata Long hours culture-ületundide tegemine To keep in contact To go freelance Work shifts Working part-time – osaline tööaeg Have my career –käia tool Cut back-kulusid vähendama Short-term – lühiajaline (almost all on short-term contracts) Come in from school-koju tulema By e-mail,fax,phone Renew her contract for another 3 months Kas sulle meeldiks töötada osalise tööajaga? Would you like to work part-time? Teie lepingut uuendatakse veel 6 kuuks. Your contract will be renewed for another 6 months. Ma eelistan paindlikku töögraafikut. I prefer flexible working hours. Üks kolmest inimesest töötab meie asutuses vabakutselisena. One in three people works as a freelancer in our company. Paljud asutused hoiavad kulutusi kokku palgates osalise tööajaga töötajaid. Many businesses are cutting back by employing lower-paid part time workers.
(marketing innovation). “Is the implementation of an new marketing method involving significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing” Oslo Manual 2005 A distinctive look for a product and appeal a new market segment; Celebrity endorsements; personalized IS; New brand, etc. P.S. Seasonal, regular and routine changes. 4. Changes in the structure of the enterprise or in the ways of organizing work (organizational innovation) “is the implementation of a new organisational method in the firm’s business practices, workplace organization or external relations”. Oslo Manual 2005 P.S. Mergers and acquisitions! National innovation system (NIS) The national innovation systems approach stresses that the flows of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions are key to the innovative process
Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose The word law can have several meanings, it can be divided into prescriptive and descriptive law. Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave, e. g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal rules of social and moral behaviour); rules we accept if we belong to a particular institution (religion, organization); laws imposed on people by a government Penalties for breaking the rules are different. For not following the customs there may not be a punishment, or a person may be criticized by the society; rules of a social institution tend to carry precise penalties but they are not enforceable by any political authority; however
1. Feminism movement, ideology to defend women’s rights Suffrage – right to vote 2. Feminism isn’t a unitary movement because it represents different women and different experiences for them in different parts of the world. Different ideologies 3. Three waves of feminism • 1st wave – early 19th century – early 20th century (Political rights, suffrageright to vote) • 2nd wave – 1960s1980s (Social inequalities, gender norms, Women's Liberation Movement) • 3rd wave – 1990s2000s (ideas are the same, but they wanted to get rid of things the second wave had failed to do); feminisms, expansion, multiplicity, postcolonialism. 4. Anne Bradstreet the first feminist 17th century; the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first female writer in the British North Amer
8. Summary………………………………………………………………………………….17 4 1. INTRODUCTION The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a long-term, multi-stakeholder, international process whose mission is to develop and disseminate globally applicable Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. These Guidelines are for voluntary use by organisations for reporting on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of their activities, products, and services. The aim of the Guidelines is to assist reporting organisations and their stakeholders in articulating and understanding contributions of the reporting organisations to sustainable development. Trends The key trends during the last two years are: Expanding globalization – Expansion of global capital markets and information technology continue to bring unprecedented opportunities for the creation of new wealth.
Social Problems Crime In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a punishment. The word crime originates from the Latin crimen. When society deems informal relationships and sanctions insufficient to create and maintain a desired social order, there may result more formalized systems of social control imposed by a government, or more broadly, by a State. With the institutional and legal machinery at their disposal, agents of the State can compel individuals to conform to behavioural codes and punish those that do not. Various mechanisms are employed to regulate behaviour, including rules codified into laws, policing people to ensure they comply with those laws, and other policies and practices designed to prevent crime. In addition are remedies
specialised roles: the European Central Bank is responsible for European monetary policy the European External Action Service (EEAS) assists the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, currently Catherine Ashton. She chairs the Foreign Affairs Council and conducts the common foreign and security policy, also ensuring the consistency and coordination of the EU's external action. the European Economic and Social Committee represents civil society, employers and employees the Committee of the Regions represents regional and local authorities the European Investment Bank finances EU investment projects and helps small businesses through the European Investment Fund the European Ombudsman investigates complaints about maladministration by EU institutions and bodies the European Data Protection Supervisor safeguards the privacy of people’s personal data
other issues surrounding positive transformation. This clearly shows that what EU is doing, it is creating better environment around the EU to larger the safety net and also creating good democratic atmosphere. There are also many interest that the partnership countries have, but as the program is created by the EU, it states that we have more interest in those countries than they have. 1. Incentives and support for economic and social reforms, which leads to better macroeconomic environment, long-term anchor for stability (partner country´s benefit) 2. Developing democracy, especialliy in eastern Partnership Countries- (definately mutual benefit). 3. The trade and wider `deep and comprehensive free trade area (DCFTA) policy (mutal benefit and business benefit). 3.Is the purpose of ENP to prepare EU Eastern Partners for the EU membership? Should it be? Bring arguments
9th of May 2014 Word Count: 8,800 `Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child Appendix 2: Interview with Jamie Richards, the Head Teacher of Cadle Primary School 2 Abstract: Children inherently have had a rather tenuous relationship with citizenship. Similarly to how
responsible for proposing and agreeing objectives, presenting progress figures, helping progress continuous improvements and ensuring that group members improve their qualifications. Basic remuneration in BMW company consists of minimum pay rate in metalworking industry and a 10 per cent BMW supplement. The company has nine wage groups, allowing better gradations for a job well done. Moving to a higher group is possible if a worker regularly performs a higher value activity. Employees could also earn extra pay trough a personal supplement, payable for an individual´s contribution to group results. One of the most outstanding BMW manufacturing facility is the Cowley plant. Unions in that plant won the CIPD People Management Award because of their high performance and very good teamwork. HRM had two high-profile initiatives like establishing self-directed
European Union economic 9th May 1951, six Western-Europe countries (Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France and Germany) signed a treaty to run their heavy industries coal and steel under a common management. From this economic cooperation agreement, European Union has grown up. For today, the aim of this union has made 180º turn but the reason why more and more countries are joining it is still same to rise the economy. So how does it work? European Union is functioning like an independent country. It collects taxes to reach its objectives. Taxes are collected mainly from member countries GDP (1,1% of countries budget) but as well the import duties on good bought into EU. Also, every member country is paying 0,1%-0,33% of their VAT (value added tax). It is the way how EU gets its budget which is about 120 billion per year. This money is spent mainly to improve
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