Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Reported Speech". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
verb, perfect, simple, before, away, asked, present, nihe, here, night, miles, left, came, sihitis, kaudsed, brother, infinitiiv, them, told, daddy, reported, speech, oleviku, kaudses, these, those, there, today, tomorrow, yesterday, previous, following, nihet, momendil, could, able, might, järjekord, öeldisIndirect speech Pealause Sidesõna Sihitislause Main clause Linking word Object clause He says that he likes my car Väitlaused kaudses kõnes Statements in indirect speech Tom says to me he likes my car Joe is saying that Mary is leaving next week You have told me He kas worked there for two years Ann will tell them our friends will arrive at 7 o'clock Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, toimub otsese kõne kaudseks muutmisel aegade nihe vastavalt aegade järjestuse reeglile , mis nõuab ,et kui pealause verb on minevikus, peab ka sihitislause verb olema ühes mineviku ajavormis. the present indefinite the past indefinite the present continuos the past perfect the present perfect the past perfect the present perfect continuous the past perfect continuos the past indefinite the past perfect the past continuous the past perfect continuous
We can report people's words by using direct speech or direct speech reported speech. speech `I'm tired!', Helen said. Helen said (that) she was tired. The main verb of the sentence is usually past ( Tom said that... / I told her that...) and the rest of the sentence is usually past too. Sequence of tenses if the verb in the main sentence is in the past tense the other verbs are usually in one of the past tense too. Present Simple Past Simple I'm a teacher. He said (that) he was a teacher Present Progressive Past Progressive I'm having lunch with my He said (that) he was having parents. lunch with his parents. Past Simple Past Perfect He said (that) he had bought a I bought a new car. new car.
Reported Speech (in other words Indirect Speech) If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. .........
We are going to the theatre. Pane tähele! Kestvat olevikku kasutatakse tegevusverbides (I am dancing, you are eating etc.). Mõned verbid on mitte tegevusverbid, näiteks ei saa öelda I am liking või you are knowing, vaid I like ja you know. Järgmiseid verbe ei kasutata tavaliselt kestvas olevikus. like love hate want need prefer know realise suppose mean understand believe remember belong contain consist depend seem Past Simple Lihtmineviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I asked I did not ask Did I ask? He/she/it went He/she/it did not go Did he/she/it go? We/you/they made We/you/they did not make Did we/you/they make?
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his I'm having lunch with my parents. parents. past perfect simple
· DIRECT · INDIRECT · Am, is, are · Was/were · Shall/will · Should/would · Can · Could · May · Might · Must · Have/has to · Ought to · Had to CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE · DIRECT · INDIRECT · NOW · THEN · TOMORROW · THE FOLLOWING DAY · NEXT WEEK · THE FOLLOWING WEEK · TONIGHT · THAT NIGHT · TODAY · THAT DAY · YESTERDAY · THE DAY BEFORE · LAST NIGHT · THE NIGHT BEFORE · LAST WEEK · THE WEEK BEFORE · HERE · THERE · THIS · THAT · THESE · THOSE CHANGES OF TENSES · DIRECT · INDIRECT · SIMPLE PRESENT · SIMPLE PAST · SIMPLE PAST · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT · PAST CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS
her." · Mõned ,,lähedust" väljendavad sõnad kaudses kõnes vahetatakse ,,kaugust" väljendavate vastu. ,,Lähedust" väljendavad sõnad ,,Kaugust" väljendavad sõnad this that these those here there now then ago before today that day tomorrow the next day yesterday the day before last night the previous night next week/year the following week/year He said: ,,I am coming to the party today." --- He said (that) he was coming to the party that day. They said: ,,We are going out this evening." --- They said (that) they were going out that evening. Pane tähele!
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
term. We would be grateful if you would allow us to hold the party in the main hall on 30th May from 8pm to 11pm. We plan to have a disco and some refreshments. Melanie Clark is making the arrangements for the food and drink and Vicki Brown is organising the decorations. In accordance with the college rules, we will make sure the hall is cleaned immediately after the party. Also, as the party will be over before midnight I can assure that there will not be a problem about the noice. I hope that this meets with your approval. If you have any questions please do not hestitate to ask. Yours sincerely, allkiri Liis Perekonnanimi Application Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of information officer which was advertised in ,,The Evening News". I am 19 years old and am studying German at university. I am in my third year and would like the
REPORTED SPEECH Jutustav lause olevikus Present Simple ---> Past Simple Present Continuous ----> Past Continuous Ann said ,,I am reading a book Ann said (that) she was reading a book Palved to + algvorm Tom said to me, ,,Find me her number, please!" Tom asked me to find him her number. Kelsie said to Lisa ,,Don't argue with me!" Kelsie told Lisa not to argue with her. Jutustav lause minevikus Past Simple --> Past Perfect (had + 3.pv) Present Perfect --> Past Perfect Past Continuous ---> had + been + ing Lynn said ,,I went to the cinema last night." Lynn said (that) she had gone to the cinema the night before. Ed said ,,I have finished the exercise."
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
Tower, the Simpsons A – AN - THE Time Expressions • we don't use an article: at night, at noon, every We don't usually use an article week, every day, every night, last morning, last • to talk about things in general. • before the names of countries, cities, towns and villages. week, all night, all day, tomorrow, yesterday,... • with plural nouns and uncountable nouns when talking about them • use the with in the morning, in the afternoon, generally
kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river. et rääkida sündmusest, mis oli kestev, kui teine sündmus aset leidis They were driving down the road when a dog ran in front of the car. et rääkida tegevustest, mis leidsid aset samal ajal minevikus While I was cooking lunch, Gina was washing the floor. 4.2c Past perfect simple (Had+past participle) Kasutame et rääkida sündmustest, mis leidsid aset enne, kui teine mineviku vorm When I saw her, I realised I had met her before kaudses kõnes 4.2c Kestev täisminevik Kasutame: et rääkida tegevusest, mis kestsid kuni nimetatud sündmuseni minevikus I had been walking for three hours when I came to a small village. kaudses kõnes UNIT 5 5.1 Time expressions .
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
· For certain/sure Tel · The truth l · A lie, story, secret, joke · The time · The difference · One from another · Somebody one's name · Somebody the way · Somebody so · Someone's · fortune as · a question k · a favour · the price · after somebody · the time · around · something/somebo dy Direct speech Reported speech Present simple Past simple My flight leaves He said his flight left at 3 3 o'clock. o'clock. Present Past Continuous continuous He said he was playing I am playing tennis that afternoon. tennis this afternoon. Present Perfect Past Perfect I have cleaned I said he had cleaned my room. his room. Past Simple Past Simple or Past I paid 12 for the Perfect video. He said he paid/had
tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words always, every ..., action in the present Simple Present A: He speaks. never, normally, N: He does not speak. taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT I (-s) DO/DOES AM/IS/ARE + ING HAVE/HAS + III pv. I learn English I am learning English I have learned English. I get up at 7 every day. I'm reading a good book at the I've learned 10 words today. He doesn't get up at 7. moment. He hasn't learned any new What time do you get up? He isn't reading anything at the words today. moment
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no.
Anglo Frisian » English 2. How to classify words into different word classes? (definition is that enough?, morphology, distribution and function tests); Grammatical categories for nominals, verbs, adjectives. "A set of words like dog, child, cat, man, bird where the individual words are mutually substitutable is known as a word class..." Definitions a) A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. b) A verb expresses an action, process or state. c) An adjective is a describing word which modifies a noun. "Although such definitions will identify many members of a word class, linguists generally agree that they need to be supplemented by formal tests. e.g. sincerity Sincerity can be frightening misery Lee is misery itself. Such miseries are uncommon Distribution: - a distribution test Kim is an engine driver
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted
INGLISE KEELE KORDAMINE TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening
3 TALLEGG 11 MIZDE 4 VESITERM 12 LADA 5 STOW 13 SCHWUNG 6 KALEV 14 MAIASMOKK 7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes,
1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a new job A work B have worked C is working D worked 5) My father........already worked for two years before he went to University. A was B had C has D is 3. Change the order of the words to make a correct sentence. ( 5 points ) 1) I wonder / can / you / me / help / if 2) a / my / to / written / I / mother / already / letter / long / have
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous
.............................................................................................................................................. 13 Ajavormid Present simple (The earth goes round the sun) Reeglid, absoluutsed tõed Rutiin ja harjumused Püsivad situatsioonid või olukorrad Tabelid, ajagraafikud Present continuous (She is driving to work) Käsil olev tegevus Ajutine tegevus; pooleli olev Ettekorraldatud tegevus tulevikus Ärritus Present perfect (He has lost his key) Sündmus minevikus, tagajärg olevikus Üksik või korduv tegevus, mille aeg ei ole oluline (I have been in the USA)
· Kui pealause on minevikus (said; asked) Past Simple(worked), Present perfect(has worked) = Past Perfect(had worked) Present Continius = Past continius (is working = was working) Do, does = did Go, goes = went Shall, will = should, would Am, is, are = was, were Was, were = had been Have, has = had Had = had had Can = could (or had been able to..) May = might Must = had to Mustn't = wasn't/weren't allowed to Went, did or have = HAD + 3. Pv · Kui pealause on olevikus NT: Hilary says, ,, I cant employ you." = Hilary says that she can't employ me.
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3
Kõik õigused on kaitstud. Ilma autoriõiguse omaniku eelneva kirjaliku loata pole lubatud ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ..
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