fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear, know. I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking?
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
Passive voice Umbisikuline tegumood Kui tegija pole oluline või pole teada. · The Present Simple Passive am is + III pv are Examples: I am watched. A book is read. Marks are given. · The Past Simple Passive was were + III pv Examples: I was watched. A book was read. Marks were given. · The Future Simple Passive will be + III pv Examples: I will be watched. A book will be read. Marks will be given. · The Future Simple Passive in the Past would be + III pv Examples: I would be watched. A book would be read. Marks would be given. · The Present Progressive Passive am is + being + III pv are Examples: I am being watched. A book is being read. Marks are being given. · The Past Progressive Passive was were + being + III pv Examples: I was being watched. A book was being read. Marks were being given. · The Present Perfect Passive have has been + III pv
Passive (=passiiv ehk umbisikuline tegumood) This house was built in 1935. Was built on passiiv. Võrdle isikulist (active) ja umbisikulist tegumoodi (passive): Somebody built this house in 1935. (aktiiv house on lauses sihitis (=object)) This house was built in 1935. (passiiv house on lause aluseks (=subject)) Kui me kasutame isikulist tegumoodi (aktiiv), siis ütleme, mida lause aluseks olev isik (subject) teeb: My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1935. It's a big company. It employs two hundred people.
..), siis jäetakse by- fraas ära. Aktiivlause muutmine passiivlauseks: 1. Leiame sihitise ja muudame ta aluseks. 2. Määrame öeldise ajavormi ja asendame ta passiivi vastava ajaga 3. Leiame aluse ja muudame ta eessõna by abil sihitiseks. Example: Jane baked a cake.-active sentence A cake was baked by Jane.-passive sentence Exampple: My bike was stolen. Tence Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter Passiv: A Letter is written by Rita Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter Passiv: a letter was written by Rita Present perfect Active: Rita has written a letter
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a new job A work B have worked C is working D worked 5) My father........already worked for two years before he went to University. A was B had C has D is 3. Change the order of the words to make a correct sentence. ( 5 points ) 1) I wonder / can / you / me / help / if 2) a / my / to / written / I / mother / already / letter / long / have
3 TALLEGG 11 MIZDE 4 VESITERM 12 LADA 5 STOW 13 SCHWUNG 6 KALEV 14 MAIASMOKK 7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes,
c) Case: The term case applies in the first instance to a system of inflectional forms of a noun that serve to mark the function of an NP relative to the construction containing it. Distinctions of case mark the structural and semantic functions of noun phrases within sentences. Common Case and Genitive Case Plain and Genitive case Forms: boy boys boy's boys' child child's children children's Semantic functions of 's: We can use sentential or phrasal analogues to present the different meanings. 1) possessive genitive: the boy's car 2) partitive genitive: the man's head, the baby's eyes 3) subjective genitive: the boy's application 4) objective genitive: the thief's arrest 5) genitive of origin: the student's letter 6) local or locative genitive: the butcher's (shop) 7) genitive of measure: an hour's walk, ten days' absence 8) descriptive or classifying genitive: a man's voice 4. Pronouns: pronoun subclasses
Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
TEGUSÕNA PASSIIVI AJAD Present Present Simple Continuous Present Perfect AM + BEING + III HAVE/HAS + BEEN + OLEVIK AM/IS/ARE + III pv pv III pv nt. I am often invited to nt.She is being nt. They have been parties. manipulated. silenced by her sharp tongue. Passiivi
classroom approach, supplemented by inordinate reading. In only the briefest and least memorable instances did I receive any individual tutoring. Education is commonly thought of as the job of schools. Adults cry "educate our children!" Everyone has opinions about the best way to do the job. It is of urgent importance, and all the numerous factors are much studied, debated, and new (or old) ideas continually tested or retested. Some people say "it's as simple as . . . " and then name their pet peeve or passion. My view is not of an education specialist, but of one who loves sharing what I learn, and owes much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7
VÕIMALIKEST SÜNDMUSTEST JA OLUKORDADEST JA NENDE TAGAJÄRGEDEST. If _________________, ______________. ___________________ if _____________. ! alati ei pruugi IF-i lauses olla! 2 4 conditionals: Zero cond. käibetõed, sagedased sündmused First cond. üsna tõenäolised sündmused Second cond. ebatõenäolised sündm. Third cond. miski, mis oleks võinud minevikus toimuda, aga ei toimunud. if-clause main clause 0 present simple + present simple 1 present simple + will future 2 past simple + would (could, might) ja I.pv. 3 past perfect + would (could,...) ja present perfect VII. TAG QUESTIONS. ____________main clause_____ , ___tag ___ . Positive verbs turn to negative and negative verbs change to positive!!! Names change to pronouns! EXAMPLES: You are going to Spain, aren´t you? She isn´t pretty, is she? It is a nice day, isn´t it? I am seeing you tomorrow, aren´t I
Reporting clause Direct speech He says, ,,I like your car." Kaudne Kõne Indirect speech Pealause Sidesõna Sihitislause Main clause Linking word Object clause He says that he likes my car Väitlaused kaudses kõnes Statements in indirect speech Tom says to me he likes my car Joe is saying that Mary is leaving next week You have told me He kas worked there for two years Ann will tell them our friends will arrive at 7 o'clock Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, toimub otsese kõne kaudseks muutmisel aegade nihe vastavalt aegade järjestuse reeglile , mis nõuab ,et kui pealause verb on minevikus, peab ka sihitislause verb olema ühes mineviku ajavormis. the present indefinite the past indefinite the present continuos the past perfect
tegevusnime, oleviku kesksõna, mineviku kesksõna) derivational affix liide, tuletusliide, tuletusafiks (e.g. postwar, anti-American, wiser, greenish) parts of speech sõnaliigid English Estonian Definition Example noun (proper, common, nimisõna, Refers to words which denote classes and categories of book, water, sincerity, Mary, concrete, abstract) substantiiv things in the world, including people, animals, Estonia inanimate things, places, events, qualities, and states. Nouns can be divided into proper nouns and common nouns. Proper nouns give names to people and things
.............................................................................................................................................. 13 Ajavormid Present simple (The earth goes round the sun) Reeglid, absoluutsed tõed Rutiin ja harjumused Püsivad situatsioonid või olukorrad Tabelid, ajagraafikud Present continuous (She is driving to work) Käsil olev tegevus Ajutine tegevus; pooleli olev Ettekorraldatud tegevus tulevikus Ärritus Present perfect (He has lost his key) Sündmus minevikus, tagajärg olevikus Üksik või korduv tegevus, mille aeg ei ole oluline (I have been in the USA)
Olime õppinud juba 3 päeva, kui täpse eksamiaja teada saime We were preparing for the examination. We had been studying already for 3 days, when we found out the exact time for the examination 20.Raamatukogu avatakse kell 10 ja suletakse 22. The library is opened at 10 o´clock in the morning and closed at 10 o´clock in the eveing 2. 1.Peter on oma essee kirjutamise lõpetanud, kui teie tagasi jõuate Peter has finished writing his essay, when you get back 2.Selleks ajaks, kui Mary ülikooli lõpetab, oleme Inglismaal elanud juba 4 aastat By the time Mary graduates University, we have been living in England for 4 years 3.Ära helista kell 12-14.Kirjutame siis eksamitööd Do not call between 12 o´clock and 14 o´clock. We are writing the examination 4.Ma lähen ära, kui sa tahad seda I will leave, if you want me to 5.Me oleksime ammu kohtunud, kui ma oleksin su aadressi teadnud We would have met a long time ago, if I had known your adress. 6
All i know,is that he's not coming. All we need is some paper and scissors. 3.Loendavate nimisõnadega ainsuses kasutatakse every,mitmuses all. Every person has the right to freedom. All people have the right to freedom. Every student in our class studies hard. All the students in our class study hard. 4.Eestikeelset sõna ,kõik'(tähenduses ,igaüks' või ,iga asi') tuleb tõlkida kasutades everyone,everything või all+loendatav nimisõna mitmuses. Kõik olid kohal. Everyone was present. All the students were present. Kõik oli määrdunud. Everything was dirty. All the things were dirty.
seen which can easily catapult an economy like ours out of its indolent state. I feel totally librated. I feel free. I feel I am in charge. I am in control. From here on, whatever happens is because I allowed it to happen. I have made what I believe is my own major contribution to the debate on the state of the Black Race. Whether you agree with me or not is immaterial. The only important point is that we must stop the blame game and accept responsibility for the present state of the Black Race. Truth shall set you free, it has set me free. RAPE OF A RACE Let’s take slavery for instance. We attribute everything that has happened to the Black race to slavery. We delude ourselves about African Kingdoms which had thrived before the onslaught of first the Arabs, and later the Caucasians. We talk about the Pyramids of Egypt, the great empire of Mali and the learning capital of Timbuktu
Lihtlause (The simple sentence) Lauseliikmed on alus (t/ie subject),iildis (the predicale), sihitis lthe objecr) ja mddrus (.the adver- blal1. Lau.eliikmek. rdih olla iiLl.,siksona r0i terve:dnade riihm ehl< lraas. faraline sdnajiirg on: Alus Oeldis Sihitis MAarus
PASSIVE VOICE TEST FOR FORM 10 NAME: Task 1. Turn active voice sentences into passive voice. Only keep the agent (by phrase= where absolutely necessary. Please remember that tense form (tegusõna aeg) should remain the same when the sentence is transformed into passive. E.g. Chimps eat bananas (Present Simple Active) Bananas are eaten by chimps. (Present Simple Passive) They were playing the piano. (Past Continuous Active) Piano was being played. (Past Continuous Passive) 1. They will finish the house next month. 2. The house will be finished next month. 3. Susan has completed the essay. 4. The essay has been completed by Susan. 5. People should have left the bird alone. 6. The bird should have been left alone. 7. We cannot repair their car. 8. Their car cannot be repaired. 9
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
somebody else will; and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance; and, therefore, as she will think it an act of kindness, if you decline the office, I will take it on myself." The girls stared at their father. Mrs. Bennet said only, "Nonsense, nonsense!" "What can be the meaning of that emphatic exclamation?" cried he. "Do you consider the forms of introduction, and the stress that is laid on them, as nonsense? I cannot quite agree with you there. What say you, Mary? For you are a young lady of deep reflection, I know, and read great books and make extracts." Mary wished to say something sensible, but knew not how. "While Mary is adjusting her ideas," he continued, "let us return to Mr. Bingley." "I am sick of Mr. Bingley," cried his wife. "I am sorry to hear that; but why did not you tell me that before? If I had known as much this morning I certainly would not have called on him. It is very unlucky; but as I have
palju rohkem kõige rohkem many more most palju rohkem kõige rohkem little less least vähe vähem kõige vähem 68 KUUL UULAA & KORD KORDA ORDA Ülivõrdes oleva omadussõna ees on reeglina määrav artikkel THE. It was the hottest day of the year. See oli aasta kõige palavam päev. Asjade, olendite jms võrdlemisel kasutatakse sageli sõna THAN (kui): Mary is younger than Kate. Mary on noorem kui Kate. LISTEN & REPEAT REPEAT 69 TEGUSÕNA Tegusõna BE pööramine (olevik) Jaatav lause Lühivormid I am I'm mina olen he he's tema (M) she is she's tema (N) on
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112
· Midland English dialect, spoken in the midland counties · Northern English dialects, spoken in the north RPs: · Public school English · King's English · Queen's English · Posh 4) English English, RP, Estuary English 1. English English - the English language as spoken in England. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary (used by many) together with the RP accent (used only in England) should be called English English. 2. RP - Accent which is normally taught to students who are studying EngEng. Used natively by only 3-5% of the population of England. RP has a large number of diphthongs and not a particularly close relationship to English orthography. RP is a social accent, rather than regional, and is associated particularly with the upper-middle and upper classes. Some features: · The /i:/ of bee, rather than the // of be, occurs in the final syllable of very, many, etc.
3 1 was getting, arrived Challenge! 2 It's a mixed class of girls and boys. 2 was preparing, cut Students' own answers 3 It's difficult to tell what kind of 3 discovered, were building 1E Past perfect simple and lesson their in. 4 started, was talking 4 It could be that they're in a maths 5 found, was living continuous page 8 lesson. 4 1 has/had just arrived 1 1 had been having hits since 1992
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
annaabi.ee 
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