Letter of application Salutation Dear Sir or Madam Dear Sir/Madam Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Paragraph 1 Reason for writing, name of the available position (+add the source, if available) I am writing to apply for the post advertised in... I am writing in response to your advertisement in... Paragraph 2, 3 What are you doing now, previous experience Qualifications (also personality traits, if necessary) NB! Relevant information I have graduated from... (with honors) My degree is in... I attended a.... course
[ greeting- PH1 Opening remarks, reason for writing-PH2,3 developments(arengud)-PH4 closing remarks- sign off] Informal- are sent to people you know well. Semi-formal- to your friend parents Formal-are normally sent to people an (friends, relatives) ect.. official position or to people u dont know well An informal greeting (Dear Formal greetings (Dear Mr and Formal greetings: Dear Sir/Madam-when u dont know the Lucy, Uncle Bill,Mum) Mrs Jones, ) name.
WRITING LETTERS Letters of invitations Formal Informal Opening We would be honoured if you, I wish to I'm writing to invite you to, Why don't you remarks cordially invite you to, Your presence is come and spend some time, Please come required at, You are invited to attend, etc. to, I'd love it if you could come to, etc. Closing We should be grateful if you could inform I love to see you again, I hope you'll be
addition To add emphasis: especially, in particular, particularly, more importantly To conclude/summarise: taking everything into account, all things considered, to sum up To make recommendations: I would recommend/suggest ..., one solution/recommendation would be to..., it would be a good idea to... To express cause and result: by doing this, we could..., doing this would solve the problem, in order to, so that, this would mean that, as a result, this way General outline for letters: Salutation - Paragraph 1 - Paragraphs 2, 3 - Final paragraph - Name Dear... Reason for writing development closing remarksYours... Ametlik kiri, kui saaja nimi on teada 2nd August, 2011 Dear Mr Smith, ------------------------------------------------ Yours sincerely, Mary Stevens Ametlik kiri, kui saaja nimi ei ole teada 5th September, 2011 Dear Sir/Madam, ----------------------------------------------- Yours faithfully, James Robbins
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets TYPES OF LETTERS 1) Asking for advice I am writing to ask if you could help me with … I am writing to ask for your advice … Closing line: I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible.
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Writing a formal letter in English An example of a task: You are trying to find accommodation for yourself in London while studying at a college there. You have the task of writing to Mr Sabir Siddique who has put the following advertisement in the newspaper. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write your letter to Mr. Siddique. Write a letter of 120 words. Do not write any addrsses. Flat to let Finsbury Park how far from central London? 10 minutes from Manor House tube Self-contained ground floor flat big enough for two? Bedroom, living room, study room Fully furnished what furniture? 90 pounds per week any extras to pay like electricity? Ideal for student 36 Stewart Street does it have a phone? available how soon? London N4 2PP 0181 809 7985
Writing letters Formal letters institutions, strangers Semi-formal letters - acquaintances Informal letters friends, family Layout Always in paragraphs A paragraph starts with a space, which is as wide as your finger No empty rows Block style in the content of the letter Greeting and farewell on the left side The greeting and farewell have the same style Dear..................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ......................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ...............
Writing tasks Formal letters 120 words I Tegemist on ametliku kirjastiiliga ja lühivormid (don't, can't, I'm etc.)on keelatud! Kaotate kohe punkte II * Dear Mr. Smith (ja eesnime ei tohi kirjutada!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp Yours sincerely ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi Enda nime ei tohi mitte mingil juhul kirjutada!!!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Kirjade tüübid: 1) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb kelleltki nõu küsida, siis alustage: I am writing to ask if you could help me with... I am writing to ask for your advice... Ja lõpetage I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible või I look
LETTER OF ENQUIRY An enquiry letter is what we send to a person or a company when we need more information about a product or service offered by that person or company. These letters are often written in response to an advertisement. 1. What is the intended purpose of the inquiry that I intend to write? 2. Who is the intended recipient? 3. How can I let my recipient know that I am seriously interested in their product/service/job offer? General Rules to Follow: Be polite. Be clear and organized about what you want/need to know. Express thankfulness for time and effort. The K.I.S.S. principle keep it short and simple SAMPLE LETTER Dear Ms Smith
Calvin James at Ammende Villa on Saturday 28 September. RSVP by 15 September. 1 Kirjapraktika Portfoolio 2013 c) postcard Hi Dad Being in Portugal has been amazing so far. Jeremy and I have seen so many wonderful things. We've been swimming almost every day. I have also enjoyed the vibrant night life they enjoy here, we went dancing last night. I only wish I could share more of it with you guys. I miss you all so much. Lots of love and kisses to everyone! Love Regina 3. Descriptions a) an object My bed in the dormitory is a bunk bed. It is a huge old light brown wooden piece of furniture. It squeaks when I switch sides or when I climb into it. I sleep on the second level and sometimes I am truly scared for my life. It is not as sturdy as I would like it to be
I hate having to get up early. • They are followed by an infinitive without -to. The exception is ought to. You must go. I’ll help you. You ought to see a doctor. • They can be used with perfect infinitives to talk about the past. You should have told me that you can’t swim. You might have drowned. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs • Each Modal Verb has at least two meanings: I must post this letter! (= obligation) You must be tired! (= deduction, probability) Could you help me? (= request) We could go to Spain for our holidays. (= possibility) May I go home now? (= permission) Where’s Anna? – I’m not sure. She may be at work. (= possibility) • Modal Verbs express our attitudes, opinions and judgements of events. Who’s that knocking on the door? - It’s James. (This is a fact.)
Useful language FORMAL LETTERS Letters objecting to someone's plans I am writing to express my concern /disappointment / alarm at hearing ... I was extremely alarmed/sorry/distressed to hear about your plans to ... As I think you know, ... May I point out that ... I feel I really must object to ... I am extremely concerned at the thought that ... It must be very clear that ... If these proposals go ahead, ... will happen. Another threat to ... , if these proposals go ahead, would come from ...
Word processing versus handwriting Technology has definitely changed the way I write, in both quality and quantity. For me writing is more of a chore than an enjoyable activity. To be honest, I hate writing; essays, and assignments, even long e-mails sometimes bother me. When I sit down with my laptop to write an essay I look at the word processing screen and all I see is how much I haven't written and how much I have left to write. The task in front of me becomes more daunting and frustrating. I feel like when I write on the computer my words are chosen to simply fill a page. Handwriting provides an escape from the looming word counts and page numbers. We discussed in class how writing by hand forces you to think out your sentences and chose your words more carefully. I agree that while typing we simply type whatever comes to mind and completely. This creates less don't think through our ideas effective points and poorer results
How can I apologise enough for .... , etc. Making amends: Please allow me to offer/ suggest .... As compensation (for) ... I insist on + ing form to make up your inconvenience/ loss, etc. Closing remarks: Once again, sincerest apologies for/ I hope you will accept my apologies/ I hope my apologies will be/ are accepted, etc. I hople you will forgive/overlook this regrettable error. THANK YOU LETTER Opening remarks:I am writing to thank you for.../ I am very grateful to you for .. Giving reasons for your positive experience:I am pleased that .../ One of the best things.../It has helped me a great deal Closing remarks: Once again, many thanks... NB! Thank twice! LETTER OF APPLICATION Opening remarks: I am writing to apply for the position /post of .... as advertised in..../ I am writing with reference to your advertisement, which I saw ...
UNIT 1 Writing in the Business World Writing gives structure and form to our ideas. In the business world this is done for a purpose: to persuade, recommend, offer advice, give an order, etc. The business text must therefore be easily and quickly read and its message must be understood exactly as intended. If you learn to recognize and avoid the more common errors of information control, grammar and style, you will achieve this aim. You will write more confidently and more correctly if you check everything you write. Pay particular attention to the following:
You are expected to express yourself confidently, clearly and politely. Interact naturally with appropriate openings, fillers and amplifications. Be logical and clear, paraphrase successfully. Your vocabulary should be precise and appropriate, as well as the register. Use a VARIETY of simple and complex grammatical structures as appropriate. Your monologue can be structured as following: 1. Introduction: state the topic (the conviction held). Recite the task. 2. Developing arguments with appropriate openings, fillers and amplifications: - an account for such belief Here you are supposed to speculate about the reasons for holding the conviction: - It's difficult to say exactly why some people think so but I suppose it could be... - I'm not sure but they might think so... - It can/must be because... - student's own point of view (supporting statements to the opinion)
Formal transactional letter Complaining: I am writing to you about (several problems related to my city break in June). I have been waiting for (two weeks for replay to my letter). To make matters worse, (we were informed that there was no record of our cheque being cashed). I am writing to complain about... I am sorry to inform you that... I was very disappointed with... I have some complaints about... I would be grateful if you could (refund the cost of the holiday as soon as possible.) Requesting: I am writing in response to (your advertisement in The Daily Standard on July 20th) I would be grateful if you could (send me further details about the position) I am writing to enquire whether (you colud let me have further details about the holiday) I would like to know more about (the arrangements for the evening meal)
OPINION ESSAY Opinion essays are formal in style. They require your opinion on a topic which must be clearly Introduction stated and supported by reasons. It is necessary Paragraph 1 to include the opposing viewpoint in another State the topic and your opinion paragraph. clearly A successful opinion essay should have: Main Body a) an introductory paragraph in which you Paragraph 2 state the topic and your opinion; Viewpoint 1 and reason b) a main body which consists of two or more Paragraph 3 * paragraphs. Each paragraph should present a Viewpoint 2 and reason separate viewpoint supported by your reasons. Another paragraph giving the Paragraph 4 opposing viewpoint and reasons may be
of semiotics, which he called semiology. His concept of the sign/signifier/signified/referent forms the core of the field. Equally crucial, although often overlooked or misapplied, is the dimension of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes of linguistic description. Saussure's 'theory of the sign' defined a sign as being made up of the matched pair of signifier and signified. Signifier The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image. A word is simply a jumble of letters. The pointing finger is not the star. It is in the interpretation of the signifier that meaning is created. Signified The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the signifier. It need not be a 'real object' but is some referent to which the signifier refers. The thing signified is created in the perceiver and is internal to them. Whilst we share concepts, we do so via signifiers. Whilst the signifier is more stable, the signified varies between people and contexts.
Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening! 'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone:
I would be happy to attend an interview at your convenience I can be contacted at the above address or by telephone on (103 24775) Please feel free to contact me should you require any further information Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions I would be grateful if you would consider my application I look forward to hearing from you. Dear Sir or Madam Dear Mr / Ms / Mrs Jones Yours faithfully Yours sincerely Sample letters at : http://www.learnenglishindublin.com/daily_blog/uncategorized/how-to-write-a- successful-application-letter/ http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/odo/application_letter1.pdf http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/odo/practical%20writing/applicationletter2.pdf
What is levels of formality? Search on the Internet leads to such subjects as "Levels of Formality in Language", "Formality levels of communication" , "Levels of formality in writing". Proceeding from it, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that levels of formality are almost everywhere. For a start it is worth understanding formality levels in Spoken language. Because the spoken language is used much more often. The first level of Spoken language is informal. Its use for routine messages delivered face-to-face with friends. Informal language is relaxed language with slang, contractions and humor. The second level is Semiformal. Its use for important messages to strangers(for example, Phone call). It is language with some contractions and personal pronouns. And the last one is Formal. Its use for serious messages and in other formal contexts. It is correct, serious language using complete sentences without slang.
hoolikas lendur - a careful pilot järjekindel ja töökas õpetaja - a persistent and hardworking teacher vaimukas ja tähelepanelik ülemus - a witty and attentive boss tegelema raskete inimestega - to deal with difficult people kannatlik ja väljendusrikas mees - a tolerant and expressive man suure toiduainete kaupluse turvamees - a store detective in a supermarket lisa oma küsimus - add your question viie aasta pärast - in five years' time 10-11 kirjutage trükitähtedega - type in block letters sünniaeg - a date of birth kas teil on kehtiv juhiluba - do you hold a current Driving Licence? eksamite tulemsed - examination results vajatakse kassiire ja puhastajaid - required for cashiers and cleaners täitke avaldusplankett - fill in the application form eesnimi - Christian Name sünnikoht - place of birth kursuste kestvus - duration of the cours värbama tööjõudu - to recruit staff valige töö, mainiyud kuulutuses - choose one of the jobs mentioned in the ad
achievements in exams. There is nothing like potentials, creativeness, possibilities or even 2nd chances. Families put high expectations on academic achievements and they always compare their kids with other's kids. A minority in each community will be really dedicated to help their kids explore their horizons. It is true that we should re-think the fundamental principles in which we educate our children. Our task is to educate the children so that they can face this future. II 10 effective classroom management techniques. 1. Set and agree the house rules and class regulations with the class. 2. Choose class activities that encourage any good relationships. 3. Be dedicated and care for your students. 4. Accept and even celebrate individual differences. 5. Realise that people learn in different ways 6. Create more student-centred activities. 7
Speech The Challenges of the 21st century In one math lesson I found out that I needed to use a calculator only because one of the simplest operation. I told about that to my friend and she had also recognized that her math skills have reverted. A century ago nobody knew technical instruments such as calculator or computer. People calculated by themselves, the letters were sent by post and people had more time to spend with family than nowadays, because now the majority of us are spending time on the Internet. So is the development of technique our fortune or accident? Of course the technique makes our lives easier. New agricultural machines are able to do more work than we. Planes and ships enable us to discover foreign countries thousands of miles away and broaden the mind. Moreover we have a chance to find interesting and
Chapter 21 Chapter 42 Chapter 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr. Bennet made no answer. "Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently. "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it." This was invitation enough. "Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs
FGI 1811 Proseminar (Irina Ladusseva) 2.0 AP Kab. 420 03.09.2002. Writing a term paper (this spring) and graduation paper. To get a pass: one written task (part of introduction, thesis statement) Term paper should be printed (20-25 pages long). Graduation paper should be printed (50-60 pages long). First write term paper, and choose a topic right now (theme of term paper later will be developed into graduation paper). Rights: we have a right to have a supervisor. Supervisor writes on the front page "Lubatud kaitsmisele". You need time to: 1. read the theory 2. collect material 3. regularity (1-2 hours a day deal with your paper)
flowing writing or talking. To brainstorm, you can simply sit down with a pen and jot down every idea that comes into your head. Another approach is to simply start writing and see where you end up. Record as much information as you can recall, such as schools attended, courses taken, jobs held, research projects undertaken. Work on taking yourself deeper into the introspection process by tackling more specific topics. Here are some questions you might want to consider: What am I like? How do my friends characterize me? What are my personality traits? Have I ever experienced a moment of epiphany? Why is (some color) my favorite color? Why is (some movie) my favorite movie? How have my favorites influenced my life? What have I done? What are my major accomplishments? Why do I consider them accomplishments? What extra curricular activities have I participated in?
Dear Sir/Madam (,) ----- Yours faithfully (,) (no name) Dear Ms/Mr Smith (,) ---- Yours sincerely (,) (w/ name) Layout My address Name Receiver’s name Address Salutation ( Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss) Introduction: WHY I am writing Main body of the letter: WHAT I want to say ONE thing at a time; explain Conclusion: Solution, polite closure, reference for future meeting etc. Sign off (Yours faithfully, yours sincerely) Name Letter of Complaint 1. Salutation 2. Reasons for writing I am writing to complain about a kettle … 3. Complaint with justification / explanation I was disappointed with the quality of the kettle that I bought at your store two days ago.
..= with no ... : He crossed the frontier without any difficulty/with no difficulty. • With questions except the types noted above: Have you got any money? Did he catch any fish? • After if, whether and in expressions of doubt: If you need any money, please let me know. I don’t think there is any petrol in the tank. 2 Some or any can be used with singular, countable nouns: Some here usually means ’an unspecified or unknown’: Some idiot parked his car outside my garage. Or other can be added to emphasize that the speaker isn’t very interested: He doesn’t believe in conventional medicine; he has some remedy or other of his own. Any can mean ’practically every’, ‘no particular (one)’: Any book about writing will tell you how to saddle a horse. Any dictionary will give you the meaning of these words.
Kordamine inglise keele eksamiks A 1.1 Read the text and answer the questions below. Dear Mary-Alice, It's been ages since I last wrote to you, isn't it weird? Yes, so it is, but, I do have a certain reason. Do you remember Sir Thom of the Minquettes'? That fine young man with fascinating blue eyes... Oh, my sweet Mary, you will never guess what happened yesterday! It was about seven o'clock in the evening when Lillian called me out for a walk you know I can't say `no' to my little sis. Anyway we went to the forest near the Swan Lake and, believe it or not, got lost! Awful
A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly. THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts. If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident), describe them in chronological order. It should NOT be written like a letter! NO salutation/sign-off. Impersonal style (PASSIVE!), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc. You can use the following format at the beginning of the report: To: From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine) Subject: Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%) Introduction: Aim of the report
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