Test VIII - cumulative test by Piigli, Mets, Parker, Kauler "Top delusion" question / answers are red. Test I The induction machines are associated with the names of Dolivo - Dobrovolsky, Tesla. The synchronous machines are associated with the name of Ferraris. The DC machines are associated with the names of Jacobi and Henry. The electromagnetic torque is born in air gap. The torque is proportional to the current in dc motor. Which equations are correct? P = sW; oomega = tuletis fii'st The angular frequency is 2*pi()*n / 60 ja 2*pi()f The motor torque is equal to TL + J * oomega tuletis aja järgi The inductor supplies the motor with flux. The leading companies in the world market of electrical drive engineering are: Mitsubishi. The energy balance is described by energy conservation law. The armature supplies the motor with current. The cheapest and the most reliable is induction motor.
Electrical drives and power electronics TESTS · The synchronous machines are associated with the names of Ferraris · Name the scientists who first studied electrical phenomena Coulomb · The DC machines are associated with the names of Jacobi Henry · The leading companies in the world market of electrical drive engineering are Mitsubishi · · The electromagnetic torque is born in air gap · What kind of drives the majority of drive systems present low accuracy · The induction machines are associated with the names of Dolivo-Dobrovolsky Tesla · One of the first eletrical motors has been built by Jacobi · Electromagnetic efficiency is measured in tesla · Time constants are measured by ms s hours · Who is the author of the first electrical motor Henry · Which rectifier cannot be built without a transformer 3-phase midpoint · Call the benefits of 3-phase rectifiers upon the 1-phase ones output voltage
Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93 Measuring Period versus Frequency 95 Mixing 97 Voltage-to-Frequency Converters 99 Clock Resolution 102 5 Output Control Methods 103 Open-Loop Control 103 Negative Feedback and Control 103 Microprocessor-Based Systems 104 On-Off Control 105 Proportional Control 108 PID Control 110 Motor Control 123 Measuring and Analyzing Control Loops 130 6 Solenoids, Relays, and Other Analog Outputs 137 Solenoids 137 Heaters 143 Coolers 148 Fans 149 LEDs 151 7 Motors 161 Stepper Motors 161 DC Motors 180 Brushless DC Motors 184 Tradeoffs between Motors 198 Motor Torque 201 vi Contents
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 3 on General Course of Electrical Drive SERVO DRIVE (FESTO) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram Component list: PC with Wmmemoc software SEC-AC-305 controller MTR-AC-55 servo motor with encoder External 24VDC power supply unit Test stand with slide and limit switches 4. Tables of observations
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 2 on General Course of Electrical Drive STEP DRIVE (FESTO) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram 2. Program texts Program parts concenring the tasks of my variant are marked in bold, with an explanation of their meaning marked with // after them. Program 2: Velocity Profiles N000 G01 X180.13 FX20
deterioration and wear (Section 38) Renew the brake fluid (Section 39) Maintenance - Component location 1·5 Engine and under bonnet component location on 1986 1.4 litre models (air cleaner removed for clarity) 1 Fuse and relay box 2 Windscreen wiper motor 3 Engine oil dipstick 4 Carburettor 5 Fuel pump 6 Battery negative terminal 7 Brake master cylinder reservoir 8 Distributor 9 Ignition coil 10 Washer reservoir 11 Thermostat housing 12 Oil filler cap 13 Vehicle identification plate 14 Engine tuning decal 15 Cooling system expansion tank 16 Suspension strut top mounting 1
-(,)stator; (d,q)rotor;(x,y)arbitrary 8. What natural reference frames do you know? -3 phase 9. What stationary reference frames do you know? -stator 10. Write the frequency equilibriums that you know. -induction:w1=w2+w12;synchronous:w1=w12;DC:w2=-w12 11. What is the result of the mutual motion of the stator and rotor windings? -torque??? 12. What variables does the flux depend on? -L12 I12? L ja I 13. Write the formulae of the synchronous speed. -2*pii*f1/p 14. Write the formulae of the motor speed. -2*pii*n/60 15. If the stator EMF is 150 and the stator flux is 30, what will be the stator field frequency? - 16. If the rotor EMF is 150 and the rotor flux is 30, what will be the slip frequency? - 17. If the slip frequency is 150 and the rotor EMF frequency is 30, what will be the stator field frequency? - 18. If the stator field frequency is 150, what will be the synchronous frequency of the 4-pole motor? - 19
As the next pair of coils is energized, the rotor advances to the next position. The permanent magnet (PM) stepper has a rotor with alternating north and south. As the coils are energized, the rotor is pulled around. This figure shows a single coil to illustrate the concept, but a realstepper would have stator windings surrounding the rotor. The PM stepper has more torque than an equivalent VR stepper. The hybrid stepper essentially adds teeth to a permanent magnet motor,resulting in better coupling of the magnetic field into the rotor and moreprecise movement. In a hybrid stepper, the rotor is split into two parts, anupper and lower. One half is the north side of the magnet andone is the south. The teeth are offset so that when the teeth of one magnetare lining up with the mating teeth on the stator, the teeth on the other arelining up with the grooves, the tops of the teethare crosshatched for clarity). Some hybrid steppers have more than one
segregated into various spaces. The engine room is one of these spaces, and is generally the largest physical compartment of the machinery space. The engine room houses the vessel's prime mover, usually some variations of a heat engine - diesel engine, gas or steam turbine. On some ships, the machinery space may comprise more than one engine room, such as forward and aft, or port or starboard engine rooms, or may be simply numbered. 1.1)Main engine The engine room of a motor vessel typically contains several engines for different purposes. Main, or propulsion engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, and may be able to switch between the two. There are many propulsion arrangements for motor vessels, some including multiple engines, propellers, and gearboxes. Large engines drive electrical generators that provide power for the ship's electrical systems.
purpose and under the specified conditions, especially in applications that can directly or indirectly affect human life. You must consult with your OMRON representative before applying a PC System to the above-mentioned applications. 3 Safety Precautions ! WARNING Do not attempt to take any Unit apart while the power is being supplied. Doing so may result in electric shock. ! WARNING Do not touch any of the terminals or terminal blocks while the power is being supplied. Doing so may result in electric shock. ! WARNING Do not attempt to disassemble, repair, or modify any Units. Any attempt to do so may result in malfunction, fire, or electric shock.
Therefore manufacturer's data sheet specifies the maximum forward current, that diode can withstand. This average current IF is the rate a diode can handle up to the forward direction when used as a rectifier. Another entry of interest in the data sheet is the forward voltade drop UF(max) when the maximum forward current occurs. An usual diode has this value 0.7-2.0V. Diode conducts easily when forward biased. Reverse biasing. The reverse current is a leakage current at the source rated voltage. Typically, silicon diodes have 1-10 microA and germanium 200-700 microA of leakage current. This value includes thermally produced current and surface leakage current. Only these currents take place, when a diode is reverse biased. At breakdown, the diode goes into avalanche where a number of carriers appear suddenly in the depletion layer. With a rectifier diode, breakdown is usually destructive. 4)Typical values: Uknee- approximatly 0.7V; UF 0.7-2.0V; leakage (IR) 1-10 microA/200-
electric car, how much costs electric cars. The problems for electric cars, there are many problems why peoples still can´t use quiet and more green cars. But even the electric car is not all green because the electricity produced for nuclear, coal, oil shale and natural gas. These ways to get electricity pollutes nature, the only difference between lies in the fact that pollution is in the one place. Coal Electric power station Oil shale power station in Narva What is a electric car An electric car is a plug-in battery powered automobile which is propelled by electric motor. Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV); the term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion, while "electric car" generally refers to road-going automobiles powered by electricity. While an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on-board battery, electric cars with motors
Since the invention of the internal combustion engine, automotive engineers, speed junkies and racecar designers have been searching for ways to boost its power. One way to add power is to build a bigger engine. But bigger engines, which weigh more and cost more to build and maintain, are not always better. Another way to add power is to make a normal-sized engine more efficient. You can accomplish this by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. More air means more fuel can be added, and more fuel means a bigger explosion and greater horsepower. A turbo/supercharged engine produces more power overall than the same engine without the charging
· Effect of clock drift on bit synchronization Bit synchronization is unreliable at higher data-rates use by a 1. Unbalanced configuration - consists of a primary station No selective reject no playback protection -> PAP should be avoided! detection of bits are only an approximation clock drift can cause incorrect sampling instant. and one or more secondary stations. Primary is responsible for controlling all · For acknowledged connectionless service: CHAP(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol): encrypted password > Byte synchronization Bit counting used to determine byte boundary e.g
............................................................................................27 SOLAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................27 8.1 Photovoltaic energy...................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Solar thermal heat.......................................................................................................29 8.3 Solar thermal power plants......................................................................................... 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9.1 The History of Wind ..................................................................................................31 9
pressure fluctuations. If the oscillations are ‘in phase’ with already existing waves a furthermore in wave development occurs. If waves have reached a certain high, wind can attack them directly and causes an additional wave growth. Wave energy is a very dense form of indirect solar energy. To compare energy W densities: mean solar power density on earth (over a year) is about 250 . m2 kW Regarding waves this solar energy can be transferred up to 100 inside a wave mcrl per meter of crest length.
of substances in an electric field. Principle of CE devices is very simple and is shown in Fig. 1. Analysis sequence is also very simple. Both ends of the capillary with electrodes immersed in the electrolyte container. The capillary is filled with buffer, to which the sample solution is applied on one side. Then, sample components are separated by an applied voltage, as they move in a buffer at different speeds. Fig. 1: Diagram of capillary electrophoresis system The principle of electrophoresis is strictly obeys Ohm's law. For the electrophoretic separation must be keeped a constant voltage. The buffer is needed to provide an electrolytic
ADDING MUSCLE The Kettlebell Swing Touch-and-Go Deadlifts Two-Legged Glute Activation Raises Flying Dog The Myotatic Crunch Abdominal Muscles Cat Vomit Exercise Front Plank Side Plank Hip Flexor Stretch Alpha-Actinin 3 (ACTN3) Time Ferriss, Before-and-After Shots Pull-down Machine Shoulder Press The Locked Position Slight Incline/Decline Bench Press Leg Press Leg Press Barbell Overhead Press Squat Sample Workouts Calendars The "Yates" Bent Row The Reverse Drag Curl Sacroplasmic Hypertrophy and Myofibrillar Hyertrophy IMPROVING SEX Conventional Missionary and Improved-Angle Missionary Improved-Pressure Missionary Conventional Cowgirl and Improved-Pressure Cowgirl The Clitoris The 15-Minute Female Orgasm The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testosterone Axis (HPTA) The Menstrual Cycle PERFECTING SLEEP FitBit Sleep Analysis WakeMate Sleep Analysis Zeo--Good Sleep Example Zeo--Bad Sleep Example Monophasic Sleep and Polyphasic Sleep
connector and the system display monitor. SCSI (interface) - Small Computer System Interface - the interface between a SCSI controller and an external or internal SCSI device. Jumper - a small block (approx .250" wide x .312" long x .125" thick with two holes running lengthwise which are connected with a metal structure), or the functionally equivalent electronic "interconnect"; used to enable, disable, or select operating parameter on a motherboard or other PCB by either electrically connecting two pins on the PCB (closed) or separating them (open - only one pin is covered or the jumper is removed). Connector header - a series of two or more metal pins on the motherboard or other PCB; used to attach a cable to indicator lights, switches, and/or other devices in the computer Jumper header - two pins or a series of two-pin groups where jumpers are used. BIOS - Pronounced "bye-ose," an acronym for basic input/output system
lubricating oil off the piston rod. From the three lowermost grooves the oil is returned to the crankcase, through bores in the stuffing box housing. VOCABULARY prevent takistama; vältima ; scraper ring õlirõngas scrape kraapima, kratsima CROSSHEAD WITH CONNECTING ROD The connecting rod connects the top and bottom end bearings and converts the reciprocating forces on the piston into rotating power in the crankshaft. The connecting rod is made of forged steel and provided with bearing caps of nodular iron for the crosshead bearing and crankpin bearing. An oil hole is bored through the center of the rod to allow passage of lubricating oil between the bearings. The crosshead bearing transmits the full gas load from the piston to the connecting rod and crankshaft. The crosshead is designed as a center part with a bearing journal fitted at each end, on which the guide shoes are fitted
delicious - disappointing - to lend cuisine British Youth (2) Most 18 and 19 year-olds in Britain are quite independent people. English people say that children grow up more quickly now. Relationships within the British family are different now. Children have more freedom to make their own decisions. For example, children aged 13 may be employed part time in Great Britain. Age 15 is legally a "young person" not a "child". Age 16 is a school leaving age. They can leave home, drive a moped, marry with "parents' consent" buy beer. Age 17 can drive a car. Age 18 can vote, get married, drink in pubs. Education is a very important part in the life of British youth. One can't become an independent person without it. When time comes to enter a college a young Englishman chooses one far away from home. It is a necessary part of becoming adult. During the last 30 years there were a lot of different trends in youth movements. All of
Main winch pull tons Traalvintsi tõmbejõud Main warp diameter. mm Traalvaieri diameeter Target species Peamised püügiobjektid 1) Diameter of the propeller. Note if two or more propeller are on the vessel then specify the number. Two propellers each 1200 mm would fec. be 2 x 1200. (2) If the main engine is used to generate electrical power for the factory or other use, than kindly specify the average power output, in kW, of electrical generation. (3) If a net drum is on board then specify the volume of the47netdrum in m³. If on the other hand there is not a net drum then mark N/A. GLORIA High Opening 48 GLORIA Long Wing 49 50 · 07. september lõpp 51 Pelaagilise traallaua jõukolmnurk
the advancement in spacecraft related research. The purpose of this essay is to explain what a railgun is and how it works along with a little history and the recent advancements in railgun related science. 3 1. What a railgun basically is A railgun is an electrically powered electromagnetic projectile launcher and a large electric circuit, made up of three parts: a power source, a pair of parallel rails and a moving armature. Along the pair of parallel conducting rails a sliding armature is accelerated by the electromagnetic effects of a current that flows down one rail, into the armature and then back along the other rail. Railguns have long existed as experimental technology but the mass, size and cost of the required power supplies have prevented railguns from becoming practical military weapons.
External marketing environment is divided into 4 different groups; socio-cultural, economic, technological and political factors. Internal marketing evironment is divided into 6 different groups; which are customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, employees and stakeholders. Also this assignment is provided with the SWOT analysis, where strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are examined. Mini Mini was at first manufactured by the Austin Motor Company Ltd. In 1957 Alec Issigonis was commissioned to develop a new type of small car. At the same year were the first sketches of Mini made and after that the Mini model is been created from wood and also the most important mechanical parts for Mini has been developed. Four years later the Mini hits the streets. In 1965 the first Mini with an automatic transmission enters the market and in 1969 Mini gets itself an own badge. In 1971 Mini was the best-selling British car in the world. 1994
room." in 384-322 before Christ the optical illusion was understood by Aristotle. The crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve, and the gaps between leaves of a plane tree was viewed by him. Full account of the principle including experiments with five lanterns outside a room with a small hole was given by The Islamic scholar and scientist Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham) (c.965 - 1039) Two clear descriptions of the camera obscura were given (1490) in the notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. Many of the first camera obscuras were large rooms like that illustrated by the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use in observing a solar eclipse. The image quality was improved with the addition of a convex lens into the aperture in the 16th century and the later addition of a mirror to reflect the image down onto a viewing surface. Giovanni Battista Della Porta in his 1558
geothermal heat--which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation),followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. While there are many large-scale renewable energy projects and production, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development.Kenya has the world's highest household solar ownership rate with roughly 30,000 small (20100 watt) solar power systems sold per year.
larly: a subtitle with those characteristics should stay on screen about 5 and a half seconds. The author proposes to increase this suggested time to 6 seconds, because "the brain needs ¼½ of a second to start processing the subtitle it has traced". This initial period, supposedly needed for reading preparation is usually referred to as "onset". Likewise, the author indicates that such a subtitle should not be more than 6 seconds on the screen, because "this would cause automatic re-reading of the subtitle, especially by fast readers". These statements have been decisive to the creation of the so-called "6 second rule", which has become a best-known teaching standard for subtitling over the years. Mayoral (2001, 4) mentions variable reading speeds for cinema (10 frames per foot of film--between 14 and 15 characters per second), as used by the Ameri- can company 20th Century Fox, while the values for television and video would be lower
International Research Corp. is incorporated by Wayne Pickette as a one man, California corporation. Purpose, to research educational resources and technological improvements for education. 1967 The first Consumer Electronics Show is held in New York City. International Research applies for a patent for a method of constructing double sided magnetic tape utilizing a MU-Metal Foil Inter layer. Legal problems with a professor at the University of North Carolina, cause Wayne Pickette to drop the quest for that patent. Wayne Pickette makes acquaintence with the famous entrepreneur Arthur Rock of San Francisco. IBM builds the first floppy disk. Seymour Papert designed LOGO as a computer language for children. 1968 Edsger Dijkstra's "GO TO considered harmful" letter, published in Communications of the ACM, fired the first salvo in the structured programming wars. International Research Corp., in San Martin, California, develops the architecture for a computer-
channels of mass communication as they are increasing all the time. But any form of communication which is seen and understood by a large mass of people can be taken to mean mass communication or mass media channels. Why is mass media so attractive to people? Mass media holds a kind of mystique in the minds of the people. It is because the communication is designed in such a way that it appeals to a larger demographic segment. The test of a good mass communication marketing drive is to see if it gets the people talking. If it does, then not only does it mean that the advertising drive has been successful, but the organization in charge of the mass communication is also getting publicity by the word-of-mouth channel! Mass Media Influence It is hard to argue with the fact that mass media has a compelling effect on the human mind. Especially on minds which are more impressionable. For example, the mass
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drugs have been developed stimulating or blocking certain neurotransmitters. Psychologists however, consider the role of neurotransmitters on behavior, but do not solely rely on it to explain behavior. Brain technology has developed rapidly during the past century and is now used extensively in neuropsychology because it provides an opportunity to study the active brain. EEG Prints out brainwaves, registers patterns of voltage change in the brain. PET scan monitors radioactive glucose metabolism in brain. Produces colored maps of brain activity. Can record ongoing activity. fMRI provides 3D pictures of the brain structures, using magnetic fields and radio waves. It shows actual brain activity and has a higher resolution that PET scans. Experiments with animals are still used a lot because this enables psychologists to study specific biological correlates of behavior using invasive techniques (removing
Comparison to other materials ABS 1% PE 4.0% PVC-U 1% PVC-O 1.3% Steel & DICL Not relevant GRP 0.2 to 0.6 % Stiffness AS 2566.1 ABS is classified as a rigid thermoplastic over its working temperature range of -30º to 70ºC Stiffness AS 2566.1 ·2 year value can be used where soil support is provided ·50 year value should be used in poor soils Creep Variation of properties in time Long Term Loading/Stress Relaxation Reverse Loading/Stress Magnitude Repetitive Loading/Fatigue Creep Intermittent Loading This is also known as ratchet creep The strain increases incrementally as the sample is loaded repetitively Temperature The design temperature may vary due to :- ·Ambient diurnal or seasonal temperature variations
Advanced Communications Function ACH Automated Clearing House ACIAS Automated Calibration Interval Analysis System ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems ACK Acknowledgment ACL Access Control List + Asynchronous Connection-Less (link) ACM Association for Computing Machinery Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft] ACMS Application Control Management System ACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxiliary Control Process ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACR Allowed Cell Rate ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System ACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + * Advanced Computer System [IBM] + Anti Curl System + Asynchronous Communication Server ACSS Audio Cascading Style Sheets ACTLU Active Logical Unit ACTPU Active Physical Unit ACTS Automated Computer Time Service ACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology [Seiko] ACU Automatic Calling Unit
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