Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Comparative law". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
court, courts, legal, europe, code, comparative, civil, other, action, case, create, rights, first, judge, decision, different, german, types, similar, once, states, issue, institutions, brought, there, part, actions, these, effect, criminal, study, decisions, based, ages, including, within, concept, laws, follow, comparison, those, often, political11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts..
Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave Break the law – do something illegal Penalty – punishment Government – system by which a state or community is controlled Law – the system of rules System of courts – all judicial institutions Enforce – to make people obey the law Authority – a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity /the moral or legal right or ability to control Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose The word law can have several meanings, it can be divided into prescriptive and descriptive law. Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave, e. g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal
System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law corruption (korruptsioon) - dishonest or unethincal conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority suspension (kõrvaldamine) - form of punisment that people recieve for violating rules and regulations Civil Action (tsiviilhagi) - lawsuit between two private parties prosecution (süüdistus) - the institution and carrying on of legal proceeding against a person injury (vigastus) - an act or event that causes someone/something no longer to be fully healthy claim (nõudeõigus) - to apply for compensation or to inherit something prison (vangla) - residence for incaretaking criminals majority (enamus) - greater amount of the group
https://quizlet.com/388172484/inka-test-flash-cards/? i=25w06u&x=1jqY&fbclid=IwAR1qQksMLyeDlPJwkOTW_Fq18r1xJUkZrlbt6nX49ZocC _ojSaZoykYBJXk Prosecutor, judge, sworn advocate, notary NOTARY JUDGE PROSECUTOR SWORN ADVOCATE/ ATTORNEY-AT- LAW WHAT DO THEY A notary public of the A judge presides over The prosecutor has Attorney at law or DO
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union.EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. At the moment there are 28 member states in the EU. To become a member, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning marketeconomy; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. No member state has ever left the Union. After 1952, there have been 7 enlargements: 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004 (including Estonia), 2007, 2013.
It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms. -To be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims. The Principles of the United Nations: -All Member States have sovereign equality. -All Member States must obey the Charter. -Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means. -Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force. -The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country. -Countries should try to assist the United Nations.
letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they have to be in accordance with each other, the states can always specify these regulations. Therefore, PIL regulates people indirectly. Another unique feature: domestic law sources have a clear pyramid (top to bottom: constitution, laws, individual contracts, they cannot contradict each other) and all sources are written. In PIL there is no such hierarchy, but there are primary sources (all are equally important) and secondary sources and all are not written. Primary sources: written documents
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks
1. Can the PB&R company successfully claim any violation of the EU law related rights? Examination 1. Can we say that an animal (a dog) is a good? – Yes. According to Article 13 TFEU dogs do belong to a “goods” category so as it is described in CJEU case law that a good is a product which can be valued in money and which is capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions. Therefore PB&R company and its business is selling dogs, or shall I say goods not just on a local fields, but the movement of goods is linked to abroad EU countries by making a profit of it I shall conclude that it involves a “movement of goods within the EU Member States” (Articles 26 and 37). 2
Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants. 2 Comparative B A top-down approach to integration that can be best Advantage explained by market failure. 3 Customs Union C Allows for specialization, specialization leads to competitive advantage, and comparative advantage leads to
1. reegleid järgima observe rules 2. reegleid rikkuma break rules 3. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) act violently towards 4. vastuvõetava käitumise reegleid kehtestama establish acceptable rules of behaviour 5. õigusi kaitsma protect rights 6. õigusi maksma panema assert rights 7. õigusi piirama restrict rights 8. kohustusi peale panema impose duties on 9. seadust järgima obey law, observe law 10. seaduskuulekad inimesed law-abiding people 11. seadust jõustama enforce law 12. alaealised minors 13. õiguskaitseorganid law enforcement agencies 14. süütegusid uurima investigate offences 15. karistust määrama impose punishment on 16
also whether the balance of power between institutions within the European Union promotes the ideals of democracy. Firstly,the democratic nature of the European Union must be measured by the extent to which its institutions (particularly those with executive and legislative power) are elected bodies of persons. The European Union is governed by seven institutions; the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union (the Council), the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors.The first four of these hold the executive and legislative power of the European Union. Of these four institutions, the only one directly elected is the European Parliament whose 736 members are elected every 5 years; each citizen in each member state having the right to vote. Seats are subsequently assigned to member-states in accordance with
relationship quickly broke down. War ensued and King John was deposed by his overlord, who took personal control of Scotland. Andrew Moray and William Wallace initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in what became known as the Wars of Scottish Independence. The nature of the struggle changed dramatically when Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick, became king (as Robert I). War with England continued for several decades, and a civil war between the Bruce dynasty and their long-term Comyn-Balliol rivals, the flashpoint of which could be traced to the slaying in a Dumfries church of John 'the Red' Comyn of Badenoch by Bruce and his supporters, lasted until the middle of the 14th century. Although the Bruce dynasty was successful, David II's lack of an heir allowed his nephew Robert II to come to the throne and establish the Stewart Dynasty. The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the Middle Ages
.................................................................. 34 5. BANKRUPTCY/ CLOSING DOWN THE COMPANY ....................................................................... 39 5.1. The procedures applied in the bankruptcy ................................................................................ 39 5.2. Fictitious or deliberate bankruptcy............................................................................................ 42 5.3. Criminal code......................................................................................................................... 42 6. ALLOWANCES/ PERMISSIONS NEEDED, PROCEDURES TO ACQUIRE ........................................ 43 6.1. The privileges granted to foreign investors ............................................................................... 43 6.2. Excise duties ......................................................................................................................
Estonian Court System Estonia has a three-level court system. Estonian court system consists of four country courts, two administrative courts, three circuit courts and supreme court. Country courts and administrative courts are the courts of first instance, circuit courts are courts of appeal and the supreme court, situated in Tartu, is the court of the highest instance The Supreme Court is also the constitutional review court. In the structure of four country courts(Harju, Pärnu, Tartu and Viru) operate courthouses in every country seat(in Ida- Virumaa and Harjumaa there are three courthouses)In the structure of two administrative courts(in Tallinn and Tartu) there are four courthouses: in Tallinn, Tartu, Jõhvi and Pärnu. Three circuit courts are situated in Tallinn, Tartu and Jõhvi. The supreme court The Supreme Court is the court of the highest instance, which shall review
economic challenges due to economic liberalization reforms. In this direction, Georgian Govern- ment made several important steps: Tax -The administration of tax and customs systems has been simplified. The number and rates of taxes have been significantly reduced making it easier for local and foreign businesses to do business. Currently, there are only 6 taxes and no capital gains, inheritance, wealth, property transfer; social, branch remittance or any other taxes are in place in Georgia. The coming into effect of a new comprehensive Tax Code (including customs legislation) on January 1, 2011 con- stitutes a further milestone in the development of tax legislation. Licenses and permits - Georgia has dramatically reduced licensing and permitting requirements to ease constraints on business. The total number of licenses and permits was cut by 84% in re- forms that eliminated 756 licenses and permits and streamlined procedures. Currently, licenses
Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions as Lusitania and part of Gallaecia (both part of Hispania), after 45 BC until 298 AD, settled again by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. Other minor influences include some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer, Coimbra and even Lisbon. THE PRE-ROMAN TRIBES OF ANCIENT PORTUGAL AND THEIR EXPANSION PATTERNS. The region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by
who submits (to God)". There are between 1.1 billion and 1.8 billion Muslims, making Islam the secondlargest religion in the world, after Christianity. Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the fundamental sources of Islam.They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new religion, but as the restorer of the original monotheistic faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Islamic tradition holds that Jews and Christians distorted the revelations God gave to these prophets by either altering the text, introducing a false interpretation, or both. Islam includes many religious practices. Adherents are generally required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that touch on virtually
Essential Vocabulary - I The role of law in society 1. juriidilised kohustused – legal obligations 2. kannatanud pool, kahjukannataja – injured party 3. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) – to settle a dispute in a court of law 4. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega – to risk making transactions 5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice 6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be valid 7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means 8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to using legal means 9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth 10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe, prescription, prescriptional 11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a penalty) 12
neÄlle Töö 1. osa = tõlge EST ing.k. Töö 2. osa = mõistete selgitamine = vt harjutused õpikust Sõnad/tõlked * U6 1. citizenship kodakondsus 2. state riik 3. lawful relationship- seaduslik suhe 4. determines mutual rights and obligations määrab vastastikused õigused ja kohustused 5. questions of citizenship are first of all regulated by kodakondsuse küsimused on eelkõige reguleeritud ... abil/kaudu/alusel 6. the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia EV PS 7. the Citizenship act kodakondusseadus 8. according to § 8 - § 8 alusel/järgi 9. right to õigus millelegi 10. shall be acquired by birth omandatakse sünniga 11
Units 12-18 1. system of pandects pandektiline süsteem 2. general provisions üldosa 3. law of property asjaõigus 4. family law perekonnaõigus 5. law of sucession pärimisõigus 6. law of obligations võlaõigus 7. General Part of the Civil Code Act TsÜS 8. Law of Property Act AÕS 9. Family Law Act perekonnaseadus 10. Law of Succession Act PäRS 11. Law of Obligations Act VÕS 12. persons and transactions isikud ja tehingud 13. natural persons 14. legal persons 15. passive legal capacity õigusvõime 16. active legal capacity (an ability to independently asume civil rights and incur civil obligations) teovõime 17. live birth elussünd 18. bequeath property pärandama 19
King Æthelberht converted to Christianity and also allowed the missionaries to preach freely, giving them land to found a monastery outside the city walls. *St George He is immortalised in the tale of George and the Dragon. According to this story he saved a maiden in distress from a dragon. His memorial is celebrated on 23 April. St. George is a very popular saint and is the patron saint of England, Georgia, Greece, Russia and many other countries. George was offered gifts of land, money and slaves if he made a sacrifice to the Pagan gods, but he refused. So, he was executed for his refusal. Before the execution George gave his wealth to the poor and after his death, the Christians soon came to honor him as a martyr. *St Andrew He is the patron saint of Scotland. He was a very humble man and to honour the Savior he had himself crucified on the X-shaped cross. It was not a regular cross, because
members of the Faithful. Priests, deacons and lay ministers cooperate and assist their bishop(s) in shepherding a flock. Vicar/ priest is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, vicar is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". Minister In Christianity, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church, or other religious organization, to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community. The term is taken from Latin minister ("servant", "attendant"), which itself was derived from minus ("less").[1] In Catholic churches, the concept of a priesthood is emphasised. In Protestant churches, the title usually refers to a member of the ordained clergy who leads a congregation or participates in a
9th of May 2014 Word Count: 8,800 `Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child Appendix 2: Interview with Jamie Richards, the Head Teacher of Cadle Primary School 2 Abstract: Children inherently have had a rather tenuous relationship with citizenship. Similarly to how
EU structural support and regional implementing agencies, that are available for a businessman to apply for a fund. A successful student will be aware of and understand the EU fundraising possibilities in the frames of cooperation with Russian and Eastern Partnership countries, and able to define the financing criteria and priorities. The current reading material summarises the main aspects covered by lectures and structurises the information channels for the future. The course supports the other Traderun courses, especially the course related to EU cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 4 1. UKRAINE 1.1. General information 1.1.1. Country Profile Capital: Kyiv. Total area: 603,550 sq. km (the largest country in Europe by area that is physically within Europe entirely). Population: ~ 45 million (declining). Major cities and estimated population (Good news! Not all the business and capital
Laws are historical conventions, people can be forsed to be free. State of nature Hobes: state of nature is a state of conflict, a state of war. Locke: state of nature is peaceful, all men are equal. They treat others as themselves. Rousseau - people in the state of nature were neither good or bad. Man was like an animal not posessing any needs besides the primary ones. The bad habits of men are byproducts of ingaging in a civil society. All men are equal Sovereign Hobbes: can not be overthrown and can do whatever the fuck it wants. The best one is monarch. Locke: can be overthrown, if fails to do the job. Criticises monarch for haveing hereditary power. Prefers election for a term. Democracy? Rousseau: aristocracy, if not hereditary. (monarchy represents particular will) Authority in the social contract Hobbes: the sovereign Locke: The law over the sovereign
In the strictest terms, Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy means that a perpetrator has Munchausen's syndrome or factitious illness himself/herself and manifests the psychipathology via the child. Aga kas MSBP on vaimne haigus ja kas kohtul on võimalus tunnistada selliseid vanemaid süüdimatuks/kas kohtul on alust karistust selle võrra kergendada? Vastus on ei. (vaata siin järgi USA, Austraalia ja UK seadusi. Kas nendes riikides on ka vaimne haigus süüdimatuse alus?) In majority of legal jurisdiction, doctors are only allowed to give evidence in regard to whether the child is being harmed. They are not allowed to give evidence in regard to the motive as it would be prejudicial to the determination of the guilt. Furthermore, It has been specifically established in legal precedents in Australia and the U.K. that Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy does not exist as a medico-legal entity. About seven years ago, an attorney asked me how much it would cost to assess a mother accused of MSBP
European Union Research Compose: x X School 2009/10 What is European Union? The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries. EU population is almost a half milliard European union stands for caring and fair community. All EU members are devoted to peace, democracy, human rights respecting and working together to spread these values all the world. History The beginning of EU might consider the year 1951, when European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was constitute. Six countries joined with it for peace: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, France and Germany. With that move, coal and steel industry were put under one organisation, so war was almost impossible between these six country. Cooperation in different areas improved, when in 25
Islam Assemblers: ********and ******* ************** 8a form 2011.a Table of contents · Introduction · Muhammad · Angels · Five Pillars · Golden Age · Prophets · Family Life · Modern times Intoduction For other meanings, including people named 'Islam', see Islam (disambiguation). Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allah), and the teachings and normative example of Muhammad, often considered by the adherents of Islam as the last Prophet of God. In addition to referring to the religion itself, the word Islam means 'submission to God, 'peace', and 'way to peace'. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim.
business principles of efficiency. NPM is based on the understanding that all human behavior is always motivated by self-interest and, specifically, profit maximization. Epistemologically, it shares with STE the quantification myth, i.e. that everything relevant can be quantified; qualitative judgments are not necessary. It is popularly denoted by concepts such as project management, flat hierarchies, customer orientation, abolition of career civil service, depolitization, total quality management, and contracting-out. NPM comes from Anglo-America, and it was strongly pushed by most of the International Finance Institutions (IFI's) such as the World Bank and the IMF. It originates from the 1980s with their dominance of neo-liberal governments (especially Thatcher and Reagan) and the perceived crisis of the Welfare state, but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s. NPM is part of the neo-classical economic
Loch In Scotland, the word "loch" is used to describe any large, enclosed expanse of water (such as Loch Katrine, illustrated above), including areas coming in from the sea (equivalent to the Norwegian "fjiords"). Tartan Tartan is a woven material,generally of wool,having stripes of different colours and varying in breadth.Tartan is a pattern consisting of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours. Tartans originated in woven cloth, but are now used in many other materials. Tartan is particularly associated with Celtic countries, especially Scotland. Culture Scottish music is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. An example of a traditional Scottish instrument is the Great Highland Bagpipe, a wind instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe (called the chanter), which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag.Scottish literature includes text
of tasks conferred to the European Community. Amsterdam treaty: encourages cooperation between Member states in order to combat social exclusion. European Council – Lisbon: aimed to make the EU the most competitive economy in the world and achieving full employment by 2010. Treaty of Nice: adopted European social policy agenda up to 2005, converting the political commitments made at Lisbon into concrete action. Treaty of Lisbon: emphasizes EU’s social objectives, among which full employment (social employment policy), solidarity between generations and protection of the rights of the child are mentioned + Charter of Fundamental rights as having the same binding force as the treaties: recognizes the so-called “solidarity rights” such as workers’ right to information and consultation and the right to collective bargaining and to fair and just working
Liberty Security (JLS) and Human Rights and Democracy which was established in 2010. Its first meeting was held on 30 November-1 December 2010. With Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, human rights discussions in the framework of the respective JLS subcommittee meetings have gained new momentum. As regards Ukraine, human rights issues are extensively reflected in the new EU-Ukraine Association Agenda, which replaces the former EU-Ukraine Action Plan. A dedicated and regular EU- Republic of Moldova Human Rights Dialogue was launched in March 2010. The EU and Armenia launched a dedicated and regular Human Rights Dialogue in December 2009. The EU and Georgia further consolidated their exchange on human rights, with three dedicated meetings held so far. The EU welcomed Azerbaijan's readiness to engage in a regular dialogue on human rights issues and democratization.
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