the reservation each year. Two predominant colors in the Navajo weaving designs are indigo blue and red. Other colors often used are greys, shades of browns, yellows and golds. Navajo rugs are one of the most popular crafts, not only for a floor rug but to hang as a wall tapestry. Silversmithing Silversmithing is an important art form among Navajo. Silversmithing dates back to the 1800s when Navajo artists began melting silver coins to make jewelry. By the 1890s, Navajo silversmiths had begun setting turquoise into their jewelry. Navajo smiths began adding large chunks of stones, usually turquoise, to the silver in unique designs. Over time, they developed tools and techniques to stamp or engrave the metal. Today, Navajo jewelry is well known and highly valued by both Native and non-Native Americans. It remains a distinctive feature of Navajo history and culture. Basketry
the engagement. Wedding day is usually Sunday, because it is supposed to bring good luck to the young couple. All the week before the weddings is also important. During the whole week quests visit bride and groom and leave them gifts on their marriage bed. On Wednesday it is customed that relatives come to bride' s and groom' s new house and watch the flour being sieved by a boy and a girl. Through that process there is silence. When there is enough flour people throw coins into it and yell their wishes of good luck. On Friday there is a ritual called " filling of the sacks" . That means that the bride fills sacks with all her possessions while visitors throw coins in among her things. At the same time groom is sending pitchers of wine around the village to friends and family with an invitation to the wedding. The bride's father does the same thing to his friends and family and the bride goes around the village on Saturday, but instead of wine she gives out sweets
parade depicts a specific subject. Among the more popular subjects have been history, children's stories, legends, geography, famous people and entertainment. Pancakes are a traditional food. The Flambeaux Tradition Lighting up the sky with heavy blazing torches, the flambeaux carrier originally served as a beacon for parade-goers to better enjoy the spectacle of night festivities. The flambeaux carriers were originally slaves. Crowds tossed coins to slaves trying to earn money for their task of lighting the way for the floats - a custom that continues today. Now, the torches may be lighter and use butane or kerosene, but the entertaining exchange between the crowd and the flambeaux is a rich Carnival tradition. Mardi Gras History Mardi Gras came to America in 1699 with the French explorer Iberville. Mardi Gras had been celebrated in Paris since the Middle Ages, where it was a major holiday
The Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland Climate January and February are the coldest months of the year. Temperatures 4 - 7 °C July and August are the warmest. Temperatures 14 - 16 °C Ethnic groups Natural resources natural gas petroleum peat copper lead limestone silver President of Ireland Mary McAleese Currency Before the introduction of the euro notes and coins in January 2002, Ireland used the Irish pound. Export goods machinery and equipment computers chemicals pharmaceuticals animal products Import goods data processing equipment machinery and equipment chemicals petroleum and petroleum products textiles clothing THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! used sources : http://www.ireland-information.com/reference/geog.html http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107648.html http://en.wikipedia
Riigi kõrgeim punkt on Olümpose mägi Kreeka on Euroopa tsivilisatsiooni häll, kus antiikaja õpetlased arendasid oluliselt nii filosoofiat, meditsiini, matemaatikat kui ka astronoomiat Kreeka köök põhineb kitse ja lambalihal Populaarsed on samuti kalatoidud Oliiviõli toodetakse suures koguses ja see annab kreeka toitudele iseloomuliku maitse Kasutatud kirjandus http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/ greece/index_et.htm http://www.ecb.int/euro/coins/html/gr.et.html http://www.24tundi.ee/?id=66934 http://www.reisiekspert.ee/default.asp/ac/riik/lan/ee/id/6 5
The present building was built in 1852. By law a copy of every book, periodical and newspaper, published in Britain must be presented in the British museum. It contains books and manuscripts: Greek, Roman, British and Oriental antiques. It has a department of Ethnography. This collection is so vast that only a very small percentage of it is on show to the public. There's also a department of prints and drawings. There're departments devoted to maps, coins, medals and philately. Those who come to the British museum can see a fascinating array of clocks and watches. Cultural life of London would be impossible without the Royal Albert hall, the Royal Festival hall, the National theatre and a great number of museums: the Victoria and Albert museum, the Geological Museum, the Museum of Mankind, Natural history museum and others.
The head of the state is a hereditary monarch eather f or m. Monarch plays a largely ceremonial role and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th century. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns. Shipbuilding and tectile industries flourished. In the 20th century the light industries that use elecricity not raw materials. The consumer boom of the 1980s led to raipin growth in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing.
The head of the state is a hereditary monarch eather f or m. Monarch plays a largely ceremonial role and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th century. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns. Shipbuilding and tectile industries flourished. In the 20th century the light industries that use elecricity not raw materials. The consumer boom of the 1980s led to raipin growth in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing.
kannatava inimkonna heaks kõige rohkem on teinud." ,,Teadus ei tunnista riigipiire, sest teadmised kuuluvad inimkonnale ning valgustavad tõrvikuna tervet maailma." Kasutatud kirjandus: 1) Miksike http://www.miksike.ee/documents/main/elehed/8klass/1mikroskoopilinemaailm/8-2-8- 1.htm 2) Piima termiline tootlus http://www.piimatermilinetootlus.edicypages.com/sissejuhatus 3) Wikipedia http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur 4) Colnect http://colnect.com/et/coins/coin/10847-20_Lire_Louis_Pasteur-Lira_- _Circulation_1972~2001-San_Marino 5) Tsitaadid http://www.tsitaat.com/tsitaadid/autorid/louis_pasteur
pakkumise Soome rahapaja Mint of Finland. Eesti euromünte hakatakse vermima pärast euroalaga liitumise otsuse teatavakstegemist. Esimesed euro rahatähed hangitakse Euroopa Keskpankade Süsteemi vahendusel. Euro rahatähtede trükikulud ja müntide vermimiskulud kannab Eesti Pank. Euromündi rahvusliku külje kujunduse muutmine ei ole võimalik välja arvatud monarhiates iga 15. aasta tagant või monarhi vahetumise korral. Erandiks on mälestusmündid (commemorative coins), milleks on oluliste riiklike sündmuste puhul erilise kujunduse ja piiratud koguses ringlusse lastav käibemünt. Nimetud mälestusmünte võib iga riik ringlusesse lasta kord aastas. Müntide nimiväärtust näitav külg on kõikidel liikmesriikidel ühine, kuid müntide teine külg on rahvuslik ja igas riigis erinev. Vaatamata erinevale tagaküljele on kõik mündid seaduslikud maksevahendid kogu euroalal, nii ka Eesti mündid. Euro sularaha turvalisus
Cambon in Paris, France. Karl Lagerfeld Death · She was working on her collection to be presented in the spring fashion shows · Coco's last collection · Died of a heart attack · Buried in Switzerland · The Fashion Empire of Chanel brought in over $160 million a year after her death Coco's last collection Presented on 26 January 1971 The grave of Gabrielle Chanel Coco Chanel in 1971 At the age of 87 CHANEL coins Karl Lagerfeld with CHANEL coin Film depictions · "Coco Chanel " · "Coco avant Chanel" · "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" · Two more projects Audrey Tautou in "Coco Avant Chanel" Sources · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_Chanel · http://womenshistory.about.com/od/chanelcoco/a/coco_chanel.htm · http://www.angelfire.com/ne/lliegirls/chanel.html · http://www.chanel.com · http://www.zimbio
3 December 2012, St James's Palace announced that the Duchess of Cambridge was expecting her first child. Before the birth there was speculation that it would boost the national economy and provide a focus for national pride. Welsh composer Paul Mealor, who composed a song for the wedding of the Duke and Duchess, composed a lullaby entitled "Sleep On", with lyrics by Irish composer Brendan Graham. A recording was made of it as a gift for the baby. Commemorative coins were issued and it was the first time a royal birth had been marked that way. Birth The Duchess was admitted to the hospital, on the morning of 22 July 2013. She gave birth to a boy weighing 3.80 kg later the same day. The Duke was by his wife's side when she gave birth. The birth took place at the same hospital in which Prince William and his brother, Prince Harry, were born to Diana in 1982 and 1984. The birth marks the second time that three generations of direct heirs
Bermuda's nine parishes: Devonshire Hamilton Paget Pembroke St George's Sandy's Smith's Southampton Warwick Bermuda's two incorporated municipalities: Hamilton (city) St. George's (town) Sport is a popular pastime in Bermuda, especially football (soccer), sailing, cricket, golf, and rugby. Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kg police officer named Dwayne Leverock Coins circulating in 2006 Motto: "Quo Fata Ferunt" (Latin) · "Whither the Fates Carry [Us]" · Anthem: God Save the Queen (official) Hail to Bermuda (unofficial) · Capital (and largest city): Hamilton · Official languages : English · Ethnic groups : 54.8% black 34.1% white 6.4% multiracial 4.3% other 0.4% unspecified · Area : Total 53.2 km2 Water 26% ` · Population: 2009 estimate 67,837 · Currency : Bermudian dollar ·
We all want it, work for it and think about it. If you don't know what money is, you are not like most humans. Most people don't spend much time wondering what money is, their major concern is how much they have, and how to get more. However, it is highly debatable whether it is more important than other considerations, such as health and happiness, which some people consider to be of greater significance. We use money every day to pay for things we buy. We can pay with either coins or paper. This sort of money is known as cash. But there is also another kind of money, like checks, credit cards and so on. The idea of having such thing as money is one of the most best developed by man. I think many people do not know where this idea came from, and why money is valuable. As I know thousand years ago, money was not used. People who wanted to exchange something found that it was sometimes difficult to find someone who had exactly what they wanted and who at the
Canada. Canada is a very large country. It is over 600,000 sq kilometers larger than the United States. Over 5,000 km of border separate Canada and the United States. Canada does not have nearly as many people as the United States, it has only a tenth as many. Its climate helps to explain why there are so few people in so big land. The northern part of Canada is called Eskimo land and there are very cold winters. Only in the southern part and the west coast is the climate as mild as in the western part of the United States. During the Ice Age almost all of Canada was covered time after time whit great sheets of ice. These sheets carried away much of Canada's soil to the United States. Parts of Canada were first settled by the French, part of it by the English. Picturesque Quebec is the most French, of Canada's big cities. Canada's largest city, Montrea...
lahti seletamist, et tänapäeval on ühiskond muutunud täielikult internetist sõltuvaks. Väga hea näide oli aplikatsioonide kasutusest, kui laialt on see levinud. Kui sõltuvuses on juba inimesed interneti kasutamisest. Et tänapäeva äris ellu jääda tuleb järjest enam ja enam välja töötada süsteeme interneti sõbralikumaks kasutamiseks. Mõningaid näited, mida on tehtud internetis: ettevõtted on kasutusel võtnud virtuaalsed kontorid; virtuaalne raha (Q coins, Bitcoin); firmad hakkavad järjest enam kasutama internetti, tuues kokku läbi interneti erinevate kategooriate spetsialistid ja eksperdid, et luua reaalsetele klientidele just nendele parim toode. Häid näiteid kirjutas artikli autor sellisest firmadest nagu Xiaomi, LeTV.com, Huang Taiji. Xiaomi, mille edulugu põhines selles, et kutsuti kokku väga palju erinevaid eksperte läbi interneti, et välja töötada ideaalne toode klientidele. LeTV
Door-to-door salesperson - uksest-ukseni müügimees Tour guide - ekskursioonijuht Executive - ärijuht Interpreter - tõlk Wage - weekly paid, palk, töötasu Salary - monthly paid, töötasu, palk Pay - töötasu, maksma, money given in return for work don Savings - säästud, money saved, putting by Pension - pension, A sum of money paid regularly as a retirement benefit Interest - intress, you earn it on the money you have invested Cash - sularaha, money in the form of bills or coins Pocket money - taskuraha, money that parents give to their children To congratulate sb on sth - kedagi millegi puhul õnnitlema To retire retire from a job - pensionile minema To apply for a position - kohale kandideerima Specialise in sth - millelegi spetsialiseeruma Deal with sth - millegagi toime tulema, millegiga tegelema To have experience with/in -milleski/millegagi kogemust omama To be impressed with sb/sth - keegi või miski avaldab muljet, vaimustunud olema
tonnes of concrete. Interesting Facts · It took seven years and the skills of hundreds of people from five countries to make the London Eye a reality. · You can see around 40KM (25 miles) from the top as far as Windsor Castle on a clear day. · The London Eye welcomes an average of 3.5 million customers every year. · The London Eye can carry 800 passengers per revolution. · Each of the 32 capsules weighs 10 tonnes. It's the same weight as 1,052,631 pound coins! · Each rotation takes about 30 minutes, meaning a capsule travels at a stately 26cm per second. · The height of the London Eye is 135m. · The total weight of the wheel and capsules is 2,100 tonnes . Summary The Merlin Entertainments London Eye isn't just one of London's top tourist attractions, it's an extraordinary piece of engineering design and architecture. References http://www.londoneye.com/ExploreTheLondonEye/ http://www.londoneye
subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________ Regulate Definition: To control or supervise somethin by means of laws or rulers. Currency Definition: A system of mony, or the bills and coins themselves, used in a particular country. Interest rate Def: The cost og borrowing money over a period of time or the pice that lenders charge borrowes for the use of lendedr's money. Exchange rate Def: The value of one currency against the currency of another country. Central bank Def- A national bank that provides financial and banking services for its country's goverment and commercial banking system Monetary policy
. The Grand Duke Alexis was surprised and honored to sit on the float and play the role of Rex. Alexis and Lydia, her loved one whom he had fallowed to New Orleans, probably never even met, but they began a tradition. Rex and his queen are chosen each year to ride on the largest float. They are masked and in costume. Those around the royalty, called "maskers," toss "throw- outs" to the crowd in response to the traditional cry, "Throw me something mister!" The "throw-outs" are large tin coins, plastic beads and other trinkets. Colours The traditional colors of Mardi Gras are purple, green, and gold. These colors are said to have been chosen by Grand Duke Alexis Romanoff Alexandrovitch. For the Grand Duke, the decision was simple, and true to his noble roots, he selected the official colors of the House of Romanov(the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia). Later the colours got their meanings: purple- justice, green-faith, gold-power. Mardi Gras Icons
The best time to advertise on radio is On rush-hours, when there are the biggest amount of people driving home or to work. On the other hand, advertising in radio is much cheaper than on TV, so more companies can afford it. In conclusion, although advertising in radio is not as expencive as adv on TV, it's still not that popular because of the limitations that companies have on their advertisements. For and against the cashless world A cashless world is a world where no paper money and coins are used. Only credit and debit cards and cheques and so on. First of all, In the cashless world if a person gets his wallet stolen, it's easyer and more likely that the thief could not get any money because you can just close the debit card and no harm done. But if you di carry cash with you, it's more likely that you will never see that money again. Secondly, it's much easier to pay bay card, you do not have to handle money and coins to find the right amount of money
In 1993 the single market is created, the next year Austia, Finland and Sweden join the EU. In 1997 the treaty of Amsterdam is signed, which showed the beginnings of a common foreign and security policy. In 1999 The European Central Bank takes responsibility for monetary policy and launches euro to 11 countries, Greek joines in 2001. Same year in Nice the European Council agrees to change the system for enlargement of the EU, in 2001 the treaty is signed. In 2002 new Euro coins and notes are introduced to the eurozone members. In 2004 10 countries join the EU: Estonia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. In 2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU, Slovenia also joins the eurozone. In 2008 Cyprus and Malta also join the eurozone, following Slovakia in 2009 and Estonia in 2011. Today the union has a common single market consisting of a customs union, a common
as zavolodskye chudy, "Chuds in Hinterland" ALDEIGJUBORGLAATOKANLINNA · First town in Karelian lands · Importance declined after rise of Novgorod · Major trading centre, existed already 753 in 10th Century, subjugated to Novgorod CE after period of Swedish Earldom in 11th · Earliest Arab coins from 786 CE Century, regressed from town into a mere · Controlled trade along Volkhov and was fortress major East/West hub · Burnt in 860 possibly in domestic strides of · Ladoga/Volkhov route started Rørik and other old Dukes. substituting Daugava route in 7th Century · Attempt to conquer by Swedes 1164 ·
ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the best known piece of Anglo-Saxon art is the Bayeux Tapestry which was commissioned by a Norman patron from English artists working in the traditional Anglo-Saxon style. The most common example of Anglo-Saxon art is coins, with thousands of examples extant. Anglo-Saxon artists also worked in fresco, ivory, stone carving, metalwork and enamel, but few of these pieces had survived. Literature Anglo-Saxon literary works include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others. The most famous works from this period include the poem Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in Britain. The
Ta s k 2 (5.5 points) Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. An example (0) has been done for you. The Beatles became interested (0) _____ Indian music and began to feature orchestral instruments on their albums. People can see Lambeth Palace (the London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury), the South Bank Centre arts complex and the London Eye (53) _____ the picture (54) _____ the River Thames. According (55) _____ tradition, tourists who toss coins to the fountain will one day return to visit the city. Always look (56) _____ truth no matter where it takes you. In Finland it's common to start summer holidays (57) _____ Midsummer day. The Arctic is sometimes called the "land (58) _____ the midnight sun". Attention! Tomorrow's astronomy lesson is taking place (59) _____ 2 am (60) _____ front of the schoolhouse. Don't be late or you'll miss the most beautiful stars. Artists are the few lucky people who can enjoy working (61) _____ home
The melody comes from the Ninth Symphony, what is composed in 1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven. In 1972, the Council of Europe took Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" theme as its anthem. It's without words. Euro The euro is the legal tender for around 329 million people in 16 EU countries. The symbol for the euro is . The euro paper money is identical in all countries but each country design its own coins with one common side and one side displaying a distinctive national emblem. Motto EU motto is ,,United in diversit" The motto means that, via the EU, Europeans are united in working together for peace and prosperity, and that the many different cultures, traditions and languages in Europe are a positive asset for the continent Estonia in EU In May 2004 Estonia joined with European Union. It's union's one of the smallest member.
corporayion, whose ruling leader is the Quenn Elizabeth II. Royal wedding are another theme to discuss. Those have always been pompous events observed by millions of people. The Future. The time since the House of Windsor was founded has been unlike any other time in history. Life today isn't the same as it was 100 years ago, and neither are the Windsors. A once distant monarchy that in the past many may have only seen in portraits or on coins has become closer to the public. Today, the Windsors embrace the technology of a digital age, in tune with the times and more accessible than ever before.
to be missed. 6. Bedouin Handicafts Tradditionally Bedouin women would weave the family tent from goat or camel hair, and be responsible for the setting up and the packing of the tent when the family would move on to new lands. Today Bedouin women make beautiful handicrafts including woven rugs, necklaces, bracelets and burkas. These are usually embroidered or embellished with beads, sequins and coins using tradditonal designs passed down through the generations. Bedouin children are often found selling these beauitful crafts around Dahab town centre. Many shops also sell these locally made items on behalf of the Bedouin families. 7. What is a Tribe A tribe is a group made up by a number of clans, each clan made up of individual families who can trace their ancestry back to one original source. Each clan always has its own wells, grazing grounds and land
achieved my purpose. European Union is a political and economic union, which has 27 member countries. 17 of them have taken collective currency into use - euro. The main goal of this union is to assure uncommitted movement of citizens, commodities, services and capital. The first usage of euro (as an electronical currency) was in 1999 within banks and enterprises. In 2002 first bank-notes came into money-traffic. The whole value of issued euro coins and notes is over 704 billion euros. In 1995 on 25th November Estonian prime minister Tiit Vähi signed the Kati-Liis Karu 03.01.2011 application, which requested the accession of Estonia into the European Union. As mentioned before, Estonia joined the European Union in 2004. When "we" signed the contract, we also accepted the simple main terms: stable institutions, that can guarantee the democracy and the protection and respect of human rights and minorities;
the area of present day England. Even more likely contacts between Estonia and England date back to the beginning of the second millennium AD. It has been widely acknowledged, that Estonians and Danes often combined forces when attacking larger targets. This would mean that Estonians have made frequent and regular raids to the shores of England. Unfortunately there is no written evidence about these contacts. The only possible source of information is the comparison of coins and pottery found at different excavation sites. 20th century Regular documented contacts between Estonia and English speaking countries begun after Estonia gained its independence in 1918. At that time, England with her colonies was the biggest and the strongest sea power in the world. During the First World War England dominated the high seas and the Baltic Sea. So it is quite obvious that after the Bolsheviks gained power in St. Petersburg, The English navy came to aid the
albumite hulgas. (,,Young-at-Heart"- pealkiri mida kasutati ka 1955. aasta filmil, kus Sinatra mängis peaosa ). Sellele järgnes kauamängiv ,,Songs for Young Lovers" esimene Sinatra temaatilistest albumitest, kus ta kasutas Porter'i, Gershwin'ite, Rodgers'i ja Hart'i klassikalisi laule, lisades neile omapärase vokaalse tõlgenduse, mis aitas esile tuua nende sõnade teravmeelsust ja elegantsi. Album jõudis top 5 hulka. Juulis sai Sinatral valmis uus edetabeli hitt Styne ja Cahn'i ,,Three Coins in the Fountain". Viiekümnentate keskpaigaks oli Sinatra taastanud oma positsiooni laulja na näitlejana või saanud veelgi tunnustatumaks. 1955. jõudis ta singliga ,,Learnin' the Blues" esikohale ja jõudis ,,In the Wee Small Hours" kauamängiva ballaadikogumikuga Grammy Hall of Fame'i. 15. septembril 1955. aastal esines ta telesaates ,,Our Town" ja laulis ,,Love and Mariage", millest sai top 5 hitt. Vara 1956-dal oli ta tagasi edetabelite tipus ja Cahn'i ja
Currency and taxes. In June 1992, Estonia replaced the ruble with its own freely convertible currency, the Kroon (EEK). A currency board was created and the new currency was pegged to the German Mark at the rate at 8 EEK for 1 DEM. When Germany introduced the Euro, the peg was changed to 15.6466 Kroon for 1 Euro. The Estonian government is intending to adopt the Euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2008 due to continued high inflation, and finalised the design of Estonia's Euro coins in late 2004. Some people try to avoid paying taxes. But the situation has changed positively from 1991 and now about 25% of the people don't pay them. Personal income tax in Estonia is 26% and it is the same for all the people with different incomes. Corporate income tax is also 26% but comes only from profit so nothing is deducted from wages/salaries. Value added tax is the country's main income. It is not noticeable as it is already added to prices and no papers have to be filled.
Project ESTONIA MAP OF ESTONIA Southern Viljandimaa The southern part of Viljandi county catches the eye with its sublime scenery. The area today lies in the very heart of the historical Mulgimaa the home of hills, deep valleys and lakes brought together by a beauty spot Halliste primeval valley. According to several folk tales, it is also in these valleys, woods and bogs that Old Nick found refuge.The great variety displayed in the nature is also reflected in the local cultural heritage. At the beginning of the 19th century growing linen spread and became the basis of the legendary wealth of Mulgi farms. The ancient barn-dwellings and decaying manor houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of Mulgimaa owe to the diligence and tenacity of the local people. Village handicraftsmen and masters have always been honoured. Mulgikapsad (stewed sauerkraut with barley gro...
- More legislative powers to the EP + appointment of the Commission - Enhanced cooperation 1998 Establishment of the European Central Bank. 2001 February: Treaty of Nice signed, reforming the institutional structure of the European Union to allow for eastward expansion. - Increase of EP seats - Aim to reduce number of commissioners (only aim) - Sanctions against Member states - Proclamation of Charter of Rights 2002 January 1: euro coins and notes enter circulation in the 12 participating member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. 2004 May: European Union’s biggest enlargement ever as 10 new countries join - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. October: the Heads of State and Government and EU foreign ministers sign
Conservation of the natural environment is well developed and various organisations play an important role in the stewardship of the country's flora. Numerous references to the country's flora appear in folklore, song and poetry. Flora in Scottish culture ! The thistle has been one of the national emblem of the Scots nation since the reign of Alexander III (1249 1286) and was used on silver coins issued by James III in 1470. Today, it forms part of the emblem of the Scottish Rugby Union. As legend has it, an invading army had attempted to sneak up at night on the Scots. One, perhaps barefooted, unwelcome foreign soldier stumbled upon a Scots Thistle, and cried out in pain, thus alerting Scots to their presence. Some sources suggest the specific occasion was the Battle of Largs, which
müntide teine külg on rahvuslik ja igas riigis erinev. Vaatamata erinevale tagaküljele on kõik mündid seaduslikud maksevahendid kogu euroalal, nii ka Eesti mündid. Kas Eesti euromündi motiivi on võimalik muuta? Euromündi rahvusliku külje kujunduse muutmine ei ole võimalik välja arvatud monarhiates iga 15. aasta tagant või monarhi vahetumise korral. Erandiks on mälestusmündid (commemorative coins), milleks on oluliste riiklike sündmuste puhul erilise kujunduse ja piiratud koguses ringlusse lastav käibemünt. Nimetud mälestusmünte võib iga riik ringlusesse lasta kord aastas. Euroala riikide enda poolt emiteeritud mälestusmüntidele lisanduvad ka euroala ühisprojekti raames emiteeritavad sarnased käibemündid, mida antakse välja meenutamaks Euroopa Liidu olulisi sündmusi. Erilise kujundusega on ka meenemünid, mille kujunduse osas ei ole piiranguid.
http://www.keemikud.eu/viewtopic.php?f=26&t=181. Viidatud 5.05.2012 6. K. Lipp. Binoeeri eksperiment: Kas Coca-Colat saab tegelikult ka toidulauaväliselt kasutada? http://www.bioneer.ee/eluviis/tarbimine/aid- 2887/BIONEERI-EKSPERIMENT%3A-Kas-Coca-Colat-saab-tegelikult-ka- toidulauav%C3%A4liselt-kasutada- Viidatud 8.04.2012 7. Euroopa Keskpanga eestikeelne kodulehekülg. http://www.ecb.int/euro/coins/common/html/index.et.html Viidatud 5.05.2012 8. Foorum. http://www.kodutud.com/viewthread.php?tid=4459. Viidatud 15.05.2012 Inglisekeelsed allikad tõlkisin ise. 27
on their hands. after death ... would he have to small towering plateaus onto Challenge! face the tortures of hell? which you could jump if you were 1 wherever 4 however 6 F Nobody doubted that there was feeling very brave. 2 whatever 5 whenever an afterlife. 5 Tourists like to throw coins on to 3 whichever 6 whoever 7 T ... he becomes cut off from his the plateaus, some of which pile family, friends and society. onto the surfaces, while others 10C Happy endings? page 85 8 T The book was also seen as a fall to the valley floor below. criticism of how scientists were 6 Jumping Jack Cash leaped over to
Italy was kind of paradise: pictures, landscapes, seeing things only read about before. Autumn (visitor going to warmth in winter), festivities, spectacles. Critical: Florence, Rome, Naples, Venice. Fount of art, literature, philosophy, music – cultural mecca. Diplomatic representatives, British residents: opened doors, introduced to people. Climax in Rome. Greatest prize: classical antiquities – scuplture, vases, cameos, gems, coins, medals. Purchase-obsessed. Result: publications (what seen). Changed people’s perception of classical past. Returned minds enriched, into culture cosmopolitan influence, refinement of manner, intellectual curiosity -> lasting change in English art, architecture, music, manners. Collecting, works of art, sculpture collections, change in architecture and interior design (neo-classicism), obsession with classical antiquity. 21. Augustan journalism (Addison, Steele)
Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (Hill fort) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered around present-day Portugal, some urban remains are quite large, like Conimbriga and Mirobriga. Several works of engineering, such as baths, temples, bridges, roads, circus, theatres and layman's homes are preserved throughout the country. Coins, some of which coined in Lusitania land, there are numerous pieces of ceramics. Contemporary historians include Paulus Orosius (c. 375-418) and Hydatius (c. 400469), bishop of Aquae Flaviae, who reported on the final years of the roman rule and arrival of the Germanic tribes. MUSLIM IBERIA Portugal was part of the Arab-Muslim world for slightly under five and a half centuries following the Umayyad Caliphate conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 until 1249 with the
The German army continues to weaken, but the war rages on. Paul and his comrades cease to count the weeks they have spent fighting. Paul compares war to a deadly disease like the flu, tuberculosis, or cancer. The men's thoughts are molded by "the changes of the days": when they are fighting, their thoughts go dead; when they are resting, their thoughts are good. Their prewar lives are "no longer valid" since the years before they joined the army have ceased to mean anything. Before, they were "coins of different provinces"; now, they are "melted down," and they all "bear the same stamp." They identify themselves as soldiers first, only second as individual men. They share an intimate, close bond with one another, like that of convicts sentenced to death. Survival requires their complete, unquestioning loyalty to one another. Paul reflects that, for the soldiers, life is no more than the constant avoidance of death. They
when crossing the sea from the European mainland. 27. Britannia. the name that the Romans gave to their southern British province. It is also the name given to the female embodiment of Britain, always shown wearing a helmet and holding 7 a trident. The figure of Britannia has been on the reverse side of many British coins for more than 300 years. 28. Caledonia- Caledonia, Cambria and Hibernia were the Roman names for Scotland, Wales and Ireland respectively. The words are commonly used today in scholarly classifications(for example, the type of English used in Ireland is sometimes called `Hiberno-English') and for the names of organizations(for example, the airline `British Caledonian') 29. The crown dependencies
This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone. Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books, and other art objects. Such private collections are sometimes given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
fighting the Ottoman Sultan. The "Grand Embassy" continued nevertheless. While visiting the Netherlands, Peter learned much about life in Western Europe. He studied shipbuilding in Zaandam (the house he lived in is now a museum, the Czar Peter House) and Amsterdam, where he visited, among others, the upper-class de Wilde family. Jacob de Wilde, a collector-general with the Admiralty of Amsterdam, had a well-known collection of art and coins, and de Wilde's daughter Maria de Wilde made an engraving of the meeting between Peter and her father, providing visual evidence of "the beginning of the West European classical tradition in Russia". According to Roger Tavernier, Peter the Great later acquired de Wilde's collection. Thanks to the mediation of Nicolaes Witsen, mayor of Amsterdam and expert on Russia, the Tsar was given the opportunity to gain practical experience in the largest shipyard in the
Under the Celts Britain became an important food producer. It now exported corn and animals, as well as hunting dogs and slaves, to the European mainland. The two main trade outlets eastwards to Europe were the settlements along the Thames River in the south and on the Firth of Forth in the north. It is no accident the present-day capitals of England and Scotland stand on or near these two ancient trade centres. For money the Celts used iron bars, until they began to copy the Roman coins they saw used in Gaul (France). According to the Romans, the Celtic men wore shirts and breeches (short trousers) and striped or checked cloaks fastened by a pin. It is possible that the Scottish dress and tartan developed from this cloak. Notes 1. The Celts [kelts] (Gr. Keltoi, Lat. Celtae) were a group of peoples and tribes (belonging to the Indo-European language group) which had come from Central
*Redwald and Sutton Hoo Redwald was a rich, influential pagan warrior. He kept both a Christian and a pagan altar in his temple. It seems that he had a last lapse into paganism before his death, for he was burried in the great Sutton Hoo ship burial. The burial site in Sutton Hoo was discovered near his royal court in Suffolk. Only the impression of the wooden vessel remained, but the treasure buried with the king contains a splendid amount of imported silver, jewellery and coins from France. *Alfred the Great and the rise of Wessex to cultural pre-eminence He is said to be one of the best kings ever to rule mankind. He was the king of Wessex. He defended Anglo-Saxon England from the Danes, formulated a code of laws and improved military skill. He limited the practice of blood feuds and took steps to protect the weak. He also promoted learning and literacy, inviting scholars from neighboring nations and Europe to his court during the lulls in fighting
in black business suits at the desk. They stopped me anyway, no doubt because I was majorly underdressed, but then they cleared me through. After I completed an elevator ride up to the twentieth floor, I'd have a general time frame for the whole route from door to door. Score. I was walking toward the bank of elevators when a svelte, beautifully groomed brunette caught her purse on a turnstile and upended it, spilling a deluge of change. Coins rained onto the marble and rolled merrily away, and I watched people dodge the chaos and keep going as if they didn't see it. I winced in sympathy and crouched to help the woman collect her money, as did one of the guards. "Thank you," she said, shooting me a quick harried smile. I smiled back. "No problem. I've been there." I'd just squatted to reach a nickel lying near the entrance when I ran into a pair of luxurious black oxfords draped in tailored black slacks
(D) inordinate (D) highlight TEST QUESTIONS Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase. 1. Modes of suggestion are usually verbal or visual and sometimes may involve the other senses. (A) Enhance (B) Influence (C) Include (D) Disrupt 2. After the War of the Worlds broadcast, law enforcement agencies were inundated by the numerous inquiries they received. (A) Agitated (B) Overwhelm (C) Astonished (D) Delighted 3. Nowadays coins lack intrinsic value and bills can no longer be converted to gold. (A) Inherent (B) Nominal (C) Documented (D) Inordinate 4. Because their presence can upset normal markets, some products with commercial potential are intentionally kept off the market-place. (A) Confidentially (B) Constantly (C) Arbitrarily (D) Deliberately 5. Anaximander argued that human beings are so helpless at birth that they would almost instantly die if put into the world on their own. (A) Gradually (B) Presumably
Reading goingto readan articleaboutthe historyof the Britishmonetarysystem.Choosethe mostsuitable 1 0 Youare fromthe list(A-l)for eachpart(1-7)of the article.Thereis oneextraheadingwhichyou do not needto use.Thec isan example at the beginning. In Fora With the Viking invasionsof Englandcame an enormous in the production of coins. Alfred the Great, who prevented Vikings from conqueringall of England, had eight mints but Penny that he would have enough coins to pay his soldiersand to forts and ships. The kings who came after Alfred had to
Reading goingto readan articleaboutthe historyof the Britishmonetarysystem.Choosethe mostsuitable 1 0 Youare fromthe list(A-l)for eachpart(1-7)of the article.Thereis oneextraheadingwhichyou do not needto use.Thec isan example at the beginning. In Fora With the Viking invasionsof Englandcame an enormous in the production of coins. Alfred the Great, who prevented Vikings from conqueringall of England, had eight mints but Penny that he would have enough coins to pay his soldiersand to forts and ships. The kings who came after Alfred had to
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