print by theJapanese artist Hokusai. An example of ukiyo-e art, it was published sometime between 1830 and 1833[1] (during the Edo Period) as the first in Hokusai's series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji(Fugaku sanjrokkei (?)), and is his most famous work. This particular woodblock is one of the most recognized works of Japanese art in the world. It depicts an enormous wavethreatening boats near the Japanese prefecture of Kanagawa. While sometimes assumed to be a tsunami, the wave is, as the picture's title notes, more likely to be a large okinami literally "wave of the open sea." As in all the prints in the series, it depicts the area around Mount Fuji under particular conditions, and the mountain itself appears in the background. COPIES Copies of the print are in many Western collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
has reigned longer. Her Silver and Golden Jubilees were celebrated in 1977 and 2002; her Diamond Jubilee is being celebrated during 2012. Cultural Life in Great Britain Artistic and cultural life in Britain is rather rich, like in most of the European countries. It has passed several main stages in its evelopment. The Saxon King Alfred encouraged the arts and culture. The chief debt owed to him by English literature is for his translations of and commentaries on Latin works. Art, culture and literature flourished during the Elizabethan age, during the reign of Elizabeth I; it was the period of English domination of the oceans and colonies, and, due to the strong political and economic position of the country, there were few obstacles in the way of the cultural development. This time is also famous for the fact that William Shakespeare lived and worked then. The empire, which was very powerful under Queen Victoria, saw another cultural and artistic
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia
Rudyard Kipling - One of the most memorable English writers of all time Family of Joseph Rudyard Kipling Mother- Alice MacDonald Kipling. Alice Kipling (one of four remarkable Victorian sisters) was a vivacious woman about whom a future Viceroy of India would say, "Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room."[3] Father - John Lockwood Kipling. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor, an illustrator, museum curator and pottery designer, was the principal and professor of architectural sculpture at the newly- founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Later in life Kipling illustrated many of Rudyard Kipling's books, and other works. Kipling also remained editor of the Journal of Indian Art and Industry, which carried drawing works from the students of the Mayo School. COUPLE named their son after the place they had first met Rudyard Lake.
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning �
George Caleb Bingham (early-C19). He depicted the everyday life of the frontier. He depicted river life and politics. His West is pleasant, sunny and free of civilized constraints. His manner is grand and his figures are precisely placed. He selected subjects both singular and typical. He displayed his faith in the democratic process with his series of paintings on elections. John James Audubon (early-C19). He studied American birds. His works are both records and masterpieces, thus his achievements are dually great. He was self-taught. He had a sense of design and an ability to render the characteristics of the bird. George Catlin (early-C19). He painted Indians and their life. The paintings are authentic and lively. He spent some eight years living with them. His style is sketchy, free and more graphic than painterly. Among his works are portraits. Subsidiary artists: Richard C. Woodville, John Quidor.
George Caleb Bingham (early-C19). He depicted the everyday life of the frontier. He depicted river life and politics. His West is pleasant, sunny and free of civilized constraints. His manner is grand and his figures are precisely placed. He selected subjects both singular and typical. He displayed his faith in the democratic process with his series of paintings on elections. John James Audubon (early-C19). He studied American birds. His works are both records and masterpieces, thus his achievements are dually great. He was self-taught. He had a sense of design and an ability to render the characteristics of the bird. George Catlin (early-C19). He painted Indians and their life. The paintings are authentic and lively. He spent some eight years living with them. His style is sketchy, free and more graphic than painterly. Among his works are portraits. Subsidiary artists: Richard C. Woodville, John Quidor.
president of the US from 193345. · Hans Rebane = 1897 founded the first Estonian-language newspaper in the US Eesti Ameerika Postimees (published in NY until 1911) · 1898 founded an Estonian Lutheran congregation in NY (still exists today) 2. Signficant waves of migration from Estonia to the US in the 20th century, their reasons. *The failure of the 1905 Revolution: The first significant wave of immigration · Brought a strong Socialist contingent to the United States; led to the formation of many Estonian American Socialist and Communist organizations. * The 1920s30s: · Establishment of independent Estonia · Tightening of American immigration laws · Estonian immigration to the United States slowed down dramatically 1924 The Estonian quota fixed at 116; even this small annual quota was not used up
and America. 1929-stock market crash. 1930's-great depression. Mass unemployment in Britain, nazism in germany, fascism in italy, terror in stalinist russia. Fear of both fascism and stalinism. A turn in the mood, aesthetic programme, moral convictions and public taste. The Golden Age of the detective story. 1920 Agatha Christie's first novel (out of 80). The Mysterious Affair of Styles. Belgian private detective Hercule Poirot. 1926-1939-most famous crime stories. Crime wave after WWI. A renewed interest in crime fiction. A general tiredness with high intellectual demands of high modernism. Quest for 'fair play'. Detective story-traditional, one dimensional, rules that imply 'fair play'. A general tendency of returning to realism, rules, structure. 'fair play' dominates the iction of 1930s-1950s. Graham Greene (1904-1991). Journalist, wide travel. 'I have to travel because i have to see the scene". 50 books recording the scenes. Own fictional world-greeneland
between a deliberately narrow range of forms, mostly the koru or fern bud. The rendering of this local Maori symbol in a recognizable European abstract style, which is almost similar to Klee or Mondrian, gives Walters' work a distinctively New Zealand flavor. Housing many collections of modern New Zealand art is Auckland's Aotea Centre. Many newcomers and established international New Zealand artists such as Sir Toss Woollaston, Gretchen Albrecht, Pat Hanly, and Ralph Hotere have their works displayed in art galleries around the country. Visual art is another increasing art form in New Zealand. Most visual artists here are involved with matters concerning political causes or movements. Works of Maori women such as Robyn Kahukiwa, Kura Te Waru Rewiri, and Shona Rapira Davies illustrate a concern for the land, whanau (family), antiracism and antisexism, and reflect the revival of Maori pride and values. The greatest expatriate artist of New Zealand was Len Lye (1901-80) who won an
Pikk Jalg was among the first to be paved. Town Hall Square got its cover in 1310. There were no streetlights. The houses had no numbers and were known by the owner's name. Churches The Cathedral of St. Mary the Virgin (the Dome Church) was consecrated in 1240. The church suffered in the fire of 1684 and was largely reconstructed. A Baroque tower was added in the 18th century and the dated weather-vane (1779) crowning the spire is the only original one on Toompea today. Among other functions, the church served as a burial ground for the rich and the noble. The church also features grave slabs, an oaken Baroque altar by Christian Ackermann and a number of monuments to famous people (e.g. Pontus de la Gardie. Karl Horn and Admiral Adam Johann Krusenstern). The church has also a valuable collection of Baltic- German noblemen's coats of arms, many of them were carved from wood by the famous
medieval royal Palace of Westminster. It was built in approximately 1365 to house the treasures of Edward III and its alternative name was the "King's Privy Wardrobe". It displays a fascinating exhibition about the history of Parliament `Parliament Past and Present', and the second floor includes panels telling the story of this small but important building. · Madam Tussauds is a wax museum in London with branches in a number of major cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud and was formerly known as "Madame Tussaud's". It displays waxworks of historical and royal figures, film stars, sports stars and famous murderers.
Promotion of foreign culture, Renaissance Italy, world of classical antiquity. Virtue: civility, grace, elegant manners, interest in learning. In Italy excavated, brought findings to England, books, statues in anitque manner, drawings. A decade of aesthetic change and collecting mania. Had great collection, displayed in his house, medieval house got overlay in classical manner, new gallery built, Italian palazzo beside the Thames. Fame of his collection in classical antiquities. A museum garden in Italian renaissance manner. Appreciation of the significance of antiquities. Expnasion of the orbit of gentleman. Man who was interested in anything cultural. Change in attitude to learning. Charles I: virtuoso king, connoisseur and collector of pictures, best collection in Europe. 5. The Caroline court culture and Cavalier poetry (Carew, Suckling, Lovelace, Waller, Cowley, Herrick) 17th C, from classes supporting Charles I in Civil War
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred
pronounced, and used words differently. The Romantic Traditions James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, which many consider to be his masterpiece. Further information: List of James Fenimore Cooper writings. He anonymously published his first book, Precaution (1820). He soon issued several others under his own name. In 1823, he published The Pioneers; this was the first of the Leatherstocking series, featuring Natty Bumppo, the resourceful American woodsman at home with the Delaware Indians and especially their chief Chingachgook. Cooper's most
divisions of architrave, frieze and cornice for the picturesque, the curious, and the whimsical, expressed in plastic materials like carved wood and above all stucco (as in the work of the Wessobrunner School). Walls, ceiling, furniture, and works of metal and porcelain present a unified ensemble. The Rococo palette is softer and paler than the rich primary colors and dark tonalities favored in Baroque tastes. A few anti-architectural hints rapidly evolved into full-blown Rococo at the end of the 1720s and began to affect interiors and decorative arts throughout Europe. The richest forms of German Rococo are in Catholic Germany (illustration, above).
10. Two Americans 11. Secrecy for Sale 12. Duel in the Ether: I 13. Duel in the Ether: II 14. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 15. The Scrutable Orientals 16. PYCCKAJI Kranrojioras 17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index A Note on the Abridged Version MANY PEOPLE have urged me to put out a paperback edition of The Codebreakers. Here it is. It comprises about a third of the original. This was as big as the publishers and I could make it and still keep the price within reason. In cutting the book, I retained mainly stories about how codebreaking has affected history, particularly in World War II, and major names and stages in the history of cryptology. I eliminated all source notes and most of the technical matter, as well as material peripheral to strict codebreaking such as biographies, the
.............................3 2. History.........................................................................................................4 3. Early History...............................................................................................4 4. The Post-War Years....................................................................................5 5. Recent History.............................................................................................6 6. Estonian Maritime Museum and the Seaplane Harbour.............................6 7. Comments on the Seaplane Hangars...........................................................7 8. Restoration..................................................................................................7 9. Interesting Facts..........................................................................................8 10. Summary...................................................................................................9 11
Tallinn University Briti ja Ameerika kunst ja kultuur 20.-21. sajandil GRA6221 Course project: Street Art Viktoria Gumennaja 2018 INTRODUCTION "The city's the best gallery I could imagine." — JR I choose the topic for writing an essay - street art. Why did I choose this genre? Because for me it is something magical and special, not at all similar to those works that are in museums, at exhibitions and so on. Think for yourself, because street art began with the graffiti, and now we can see on the streets of our city just a work of art. I think graffiti, by the way, is also a great and invaluable work. Trends are changing. Now, young artists are moving from an endless unthinking tagging to a more conceptual and rich sense, abstract and volumetric work. Street art has become popular among the general public, because it is more accessible to him both in
· The Coronation Chair(the stone of Scone) · Tudor roses The Squares Leicester Square Leicester Square is a tree-lined square in the centre of London which provides much needed shade in summer. Major cinemas stand on three sides of the square. Restaurants, night clubs, portrait artists and outdoor entertainers strive to catch the attention of the passing public. There is the pavilion where you can buy the cheapest tickets. In the centre of the square there is a copy of the Shakespeare memorial in Westminster Abbey. Statues of Sir Isaac Newton, Joshua Reynolds and William Hogarth stand nearby. A modern statue of Charlie Chaplin was added in 1981. Piccadilly Circus It is the centre of the West End. It is also considered to be the real centre of London by many people, as it lies in the heart of London's entertainment world, full of theatres and cinemas, the most famous restaurants and the most luxurious night-clubs. In the middle of the Circus
Aastatel 19021904 õppis Pariisis Academie Humbert'is. Georges Braque teenis Esimese maailmasõjas Prantsuse sõjaväes ja sai raskelt haavata. Ta kasutas maalis esimesena kirjatähti, imiteeris puu ja marmori faktuuri ning leiutas kollaazitehnika Robert Delaunay Robert Delaunay (12 April 1885, Paris 25 October 1941) was a French artist who used Orphism, which is similar to abstract art, abstraction and cubism in his work. Delaunay concentrated on Orphism, while his later works were more abstract, reminiscent of Paul Klee. His key influence related to bold use of colour, and a clear love of experimentation of both depth and tone. While he was a child, Delaunay's parents divorced, and he was raised by his uncle, in La Ronchère (near Bourges). He took up painting at an early age and, by 1903, he was producing mature imagery in a confident, impressionistic style. In 1908, after a term in the military working as a regimental librarian, he met Sonia Terk, who
FOREWORD This book is first and foremost written by a composer. I am of the opinion that it is a creative individual that must take on this hard task: realising it, presumably, more profoundly as he stands nearer to the Source of all sources from which all the innermost sublime and substantial ideas stream. In this book Estonian symphonic music is discussed from its starting point, the pathetic overture Julius Caesar (1896) by Rudolf Tobias, up to the works of the young composers of the 1990s. This is the first book that presents a general treatment of the Estonian symphonic music. Other Estonian literature on this subject has offered a broader background. This book should appeal to composers, musicologists, conductors, educationalists, instrumentalists, music students, as well as everybody interested in Estonian symphonic music. The book is divided into 29 chapters where more than 70 orchestral compositions of 32 composers are examined
new farming methods and founded thousand self-sufficient villages. 1 7.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries across England and were independently updated. In one case, the chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154. Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value and none of them are the original version. 8. Beowulf Beowulf is the most famous heroic poem (written down 8-9cc) Beowulf is a war-leader from Scandinavia.He rescued the land of the Danes from a man-like monster Grendel. The monster kills the hero
optional courses of science and the Humanities. The Department of Theory of Literature and the Department of General and Comparative Linguistics teach a vast number of core courses to junior students, both offering major courses to senior students in all the divisions of the faculty. The Department of Theory of Literature teaches literature as a type of art, focusing on the genesis, structure, classification, and functioning of literary works, on stylistics and versification, as well as on the methodology of literary criticism, a number of major courses being offered in these specialist areas. The Division of the Russian Language and Literature unites the Department of the Russian Language, the Department of Russian Literature, the Department of Russian Literature of XX century, and the Department of Russian Folklore. The core curriculum includes courses in the
Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). The common sense and witty aphorisms of Franklin's popular Poor Richard's Almanac series appealed to colonial readers. Franklin also wrote effectively on the question of allegiance to the British crown but it was his protégé, Thomas Paine, who inspired colonists during the dark days of the Revolution with his stirring pamphlet Common Sense (1776), which sold over half a million copies, and American Crisis Papers (1776-1783). Thomas Jefferson was also an influential political writer. He made important contributions to the 85 essays of The Federalist papers, which effectively outlined the Am governmental system and the basic principles of republican theory. Jefferson also wrote the Declaration of Independence (1776), which identifies the moment in which the nation was born, and in stirring language explains the reasons for its birth.
gabled houses, half-hidden courtyards and grandiose churches is, quite rightly, the city's biggest tourist draw. And the fact that it's all neatly packaged within a mostly-intact city wall and dotted with guard towers gives it an extra dose of fairytale charm. http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/eng/fpage/explore/attractions/old_town Kiek in de Kök Those interested in walls, towers, cannons and the like should drop into this museum of the town's defences. Visitors of this museum will see examples of Medieval fire power, displays detailing how the city's system of fortification walls and towers developed through the centuries and an exhibit on crime and punishment in old Tallinn. The name of this massive, 38m-high cannon tower literally means "Peek into the Kitchen." It was so high that Medieval guards joked they could see right down the chimneys and into the kitchens of the houses below.
The volume was a great success. At once the poet become famous and burns didn't leave the country but went to Edinburgh instead. He also toured Scotland and northern England collecting ballads and folktales. For the last 6 years of his life he served as a tax collector. Burns died on the 21st of July, 1796. When he was only 37 years old. His poems touch the heart of every reader. Burns wrote about feelings of ordinary people. Burns used in his works the songs and stories he had heard in his little cottage home. Now Robert burns is considered the national poet of Scotland. And the 25th January- the date of his birth is always celebrated by Scotsmen as a national holiday. 10) FLAG DAY AND INDEPENDENCE DAY June 14 is Flag Day in the USA. On that day in 1777, the Americans adopted their own flag the Stars and Stripes as it is often called. No one really knows who
.....................................................................................................33 9.5 Wind production......................................................................................................... 34 9.6 Wind and the environment..........................................................................................34 TIDAL ENERGY............................................................................................................... 35 10.1 Wave Energy............................................................................................................ 36 10.2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) .......................................................... 37 10.3 Solar..........................................................................................................................37 10.4 Wind........................................................................................................................
B. Potter Gallery in London. Drew illustrations, pictures, there are 2 films and many books about her. Eliis: "Woodstock Festival" 5 festivals have been held, the first in 1969. There is rock, folk and jazz music. It was held to make peace, enjoy good music and pleasant atmosphere, to connect different people, to make profit. There was a bigger interest than expected. There is one film about it, made in 1970 to take the festival´s message all over the world. There is a plaque at the original festival grounds and a museum. Kristel: "The Longest-running Shows in the West End" "The Mousetrap", for 57 years, over 23 000 shows, based on a novel by A. Christie. Very mysterious piece, the murderer is unknown. "Les Misérables", for 24 years, based on Hugo´s novel. St Martin´s theatre was built in 1916, Queen´s theatre. "The Phantom of the Opera" is played in Her Majesty´s Theatre since 1986. The name varies according to whether the monarch is male of female.
from a theatre stage for the first time. Early in the 19th century city architect Carl Ludwig Engel (helped rebuild Helsinki and also built the palace at 8 Kohtu Street on Toompea) designed a sumptuous hall for the theatre, but it was destroyed in a fire. Another fire devastated the theatre in 1902, after which it moved out from Old Town. The premises came into the possession of the Puppet Theatre in 1955. In 1991, the whole building was given to the theatre. Renovation works took place in 2001-03. 5 17 Lai Street Lai 17, so-called Menshikov House was completed about 1685 in the Dutch Baroque style. The family coat-of-arms on the pediment was added in 1817 by then owner Count Stenbock (Sweden origin Russian brigade leader and estate owner). It belonged to Prince Alexander Menshikov, the governor- general of Estonia in 1710-19. He was born in the family of a groom at the
British Cuisine Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian,
religion and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world. Muhammad Muhammad (c. 570 June 8, 632) was a trader later becoming a religious, political, and military leader. However, Muslims do not view Muhammad as the creator of Islam, but instead regard him as the last messenger of God, through which the Qur'an was revealed. Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophets. For the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE, Muhammad started receiving revelations from God. The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his companions. During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, imploring them to abandon polytheism.
developments in engineering theory, technology, construction, transportation, and communication; Be an outstanding example of a type which illustrates a significant stage in bridge engineering or technological developments. A World Heritage bridge, like other properties, must meet the test of authenticity in design, materials, workmanship, or setting (the Committee has stressed that reconstruction is only acceptable if carried out on the basis of complete and detailed documentation of the original artefact and to no extent on conjecture). The criteria of authenticity may apply to Japanese bridges like the Kintaikyo spanning the Nishiki River in Iwakuni or Palladio's bridge over the River Brenta at Bassano a Grappa near Venice (Italy). In the same context, some bridges have been moved when unable to function at their original location. It is not unusual in the USA, for example, to relocate a
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