The word "petroleum" comes from Greek: πέτρα (petra) for rock and Greek: ἔλαιον (elaion) for oil. The term was found (in the spelling "petraoleum") in 10th-century Old English sources. It was used in the treatise De Natura Fossilium, published in 1546 by the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, also known as Georgius Agricola. In the 19th century, the term "petroleum" was frequently used to refer to mineral oils produced by distillation from mined organic solids such as cannel coal (and later oil shale), and refined oils produced from them; in the United Kingdom, storage (and later transport) of these oils were regulated by a series of Petroleum Acts, from the Petroleum Act 1862 onwards. Composition In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases,
......................16 3. Conclusion............................................................................................................ ....18 4. Sources............................................................................................................... .......19 Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources--such as , wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat--which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation),followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. While there are many large-scale renewable energy projects and production, renewable technologies
.................................................................................................31 9.2 How wind machines work..........................................................................................32 9.3 Types of wind machines............................................................................................. 32 9.4 Wind power plants......................................................................................................33 9.5 Wind production......................................................................................................... 34 9.6 Wind and the environment..........................................................................................34 TIDAL ENERGY............................................................................................................... 35 10.1 Wave Energy............................................................................................................ 36 10
It's geographical position in co- ordinates is 83°N north, 42°N south, 53°W east, 141°W west. Canada borders with United States of America by land; Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Atlantic Ocean by coastline. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia in territorial size. It has a total area of 9.9 million square kilometers. This includes 755,170 square kilometers of water. Toronto is the largest city in Canada with a population of 4.3 million. Other major cities include Montreal (3.3 million people), Vancouver (1.8 million people). Located in the southeast corner of the nation, Ottawa is the nation's capital. Relief Canada is a vast country comprised of a multitude of very different landscapes: Atlantic provinces, the Appalachians, St. Lawrence and Great Lakes lowlands, Canadian Shield, The Prairies, mountain ranges and high plateaus of the Canadian Cordillera, and northern Canada. Climate
prospects of the biogas. I have tried to make this report as understandable as possible. By the end of this report I want to come to a conclusion whether biogas is the best source of future energy or are there any other sources that are better. What is biogas? Typically it refers to the gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste. If opportunely refined it can be used for electricity production. Also for space-, water- or process heating. Unintentional production of biogases has been an ongoing issue in many regions of the world, and several nations have also looked to biogas as a potential source of clean energy. India and China have both invested extensively in creative biogas technology to provide fuel for their citizens and there are a number of interesting applications for this gas which appeal to people who are interested in sustainable energy and the health of the environment.
It is energy released by the splitting (fission) or merging together (fusion) of the nuclei of atoms. The conversion of nuclear mass to energy is consistent with the mass-energy equivalence formula E = m.c², in which E = energy release, m = mass defect, and c = the speed of light in a vacuum. Nuclear chemistry can be used as a form of alchemy to turn lead into gold or change any atom to any other atom (albeit through many steps). Radionuclide (radioisotope) production often involves irradiation of another isotope (or more precisely a nuclide), with alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. Iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any atom. If an atom of lower average binding energy is changed into an atom of higher average binding energy, energy is given off. What is nuclear fusion? Nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple like- charged atomic nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus
Margit Tepner k0848752 Sustainability aspects of biofuels 1. Introduction The literature review will discuss the sustainability aspects of biofuels. Food production will be the main concern as it is the most debated issue, but other aspects, such as land use change and water consumption will be also considered as they are essential aspects in the biofuels sustainability criteria. The review will discuss the viability of biofuels based on the current technologies. Second-generation biofuels are not yet commercially viable and therefore will not be discussed; although they could significantly improve the sustainability of biofuels when they break through to the industrial scale. 2. The scale of biofuels production 2.1. Drivers of biofuels production
Author Group Girli Vasiljev RB1X Title of report Number of pages Economic Country Review: Finland, Estonia 20 and Hungary Teacher Kalevi Torunen The goal of this paper is to compare the economic performance of Finland, Estonia and Hungary. First, a general overview on the countries will be given. After, economic indicators (real GDP growth rate, inflation, unemployment, household consumption, investment, current account, government budget and deficit) of the three countries will be compared to draw a conclusion. Keywords GDP, inflation, unemployment, household consumption, investment, current account, government budget, deficit, surplus Table of contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................1 2 Country Specs ......................................
communication). Currency: Hryvnya (UAH). Government type: republic. Membership: the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), etc. Ukraine is bordered by Russia in the east, the Black Sea in the south, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland in the west, and Belarus in the north. The country is rich in mineral resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas (shale costly and dangerous to extract), oil, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and others. It's commonly known that Ukraine is politically divided between its Western and Eastern regions. Ukraine's geography and history have played an important role in the country's current political crisis. Western parts of the country at times belonged to Poland, Austro-
The coming into effect of a new comprehensive Tax Code (including customs legislation) on January 1, 2011 con- stitutes a further milestone in the development of tax legislation. Licenses and permits - Georgia has dramatically reduced licensing and permitting requirements to ease constraints on business. The total number of licenses and permits was cut by 84% in re- forms that eliminated 756 licenses and permits and streamlined procedures. Currently, licenses and permits are only used in the production of highly risky goods and services, also usage of natural resources and specific activities. The procedures of issuing licenses and permits were significantly simplified to the "one-stop shop" and "silence is consent" principles. Customs Reform - From January 1, 2011 the new Tax Code of Georgia took effect which also includes the provisions regulating customs. Tax Code established business friendly customs pro- cedures
hydrogenated oils and shortenings. While the vibrant, strong sunflower is a recognized worldwide for its beauty, it is also an important source of food. Sunflower oil is a valued and healthy vegetable oil and sunflower seeds are enjoyed as a healthy, tasty snack and nutritious ingredient to many foods. Sunflower is an important agricultural crop choice for US producers in the northern plains of the Dakotas to the panhandle of Texas. Browse this complete site on US sunflower production to learn about the sturdy sunflower and the healthy products it provides. Introduction Sunflower seeds are an American original. Called either confection or non-oil, seeds are a delicious and nutritious snack or addition to your favorite food. It is a native species to North America and was used by American Indians for an important, high-energy food source. Spanish explorers carried it with them to Europe. Russian agronomists were responsible for the first agricultural hybrids
Photographs on pages 58, 62- 63 (Southern California) Agricultural ,Employment 37 Ccpynqbt © 2005 Drqital Stock Corp. World Resources Photograph on page 62 (Rockiespring) Copynghl © 2005 Freestockphotos ccm Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal 38-39 Pnotcqraphs on pages 68--69 No!. 194 ) Major Minerals 38-39 Copynqbr © 2005 Corbrs Corp. Electrical Energy Production 39 World Communications
military products and owing the NBC-TV network. That is what I see on the bulb. If we could stop deluding ourselves. I have no doubt that the descendants of the original company are not my people. I am sitting here and looking at my nephew’s great stereo. It was made in Japan by the Aiwa corporation. In fact, since Africans love music so much you would have anticipated that they would control the production of all products pertaining to music. Yes, we can sing, we can dance. That is just about it. In fact, it has been shown that Black people spend more money on purchasing musical equipment than any other group, but do we produce any these products? The answer is a resounding NO! Do we even have a factory owned by a Black person where these musical products are assembled? The answer is a resounding NO! In fact, Africans consume more Japanese products percentage wise than any other group, yet the
Viimasel ajal on areng aeglustunud. Kõige kiiremini on arenenud Ida-Aasia, 2010. aasta näitaja on 0,24 ühiku võrra kõrgem kui 1980. aasta näitaja. Mujal on areng jäänud 0,1 ühiku kanti. Ida-Aasia hakkab OECD-le järgi jõudma, Must Aafrika aga jääb veelgi rohkem maha. Kaubandus Koguväärtus mln USD Inimese kohta USD Eksport 1 299 922 4 206 Import 2 164 833 7 005 Kaubandusbilanss -864 911 -2 799 (ekspordi-impordi vahe) Tabel 3: USA kaubandusbilanss Negatiivne kaubandusbilanss, nagu USA'l (Tabel 3), tähendab, et sisse veetakse rohkem kaupa kui välja. See viitab sellele, et riik ei suuda ise ennast ära elatada ning nö. sööb ennast võlgadesse.
chapters distributed in three parts. The first guished international experts from fifteen part deals with the description of meat chem- countries. The editor wishes to thank all the istry, its quality for further processing, contributors for their hard work and for and the main technologies used in meat sharing their valuable experience, as well as processing, such as decontamination, aging, to thank the production team at Wiley- freezing, curing, emulsification, thermal pro- Blackwell. I also want to express my appre- cessing, fermentation, starter cultures, drying, ciation to Ms. Susan Engelken for her kind smoking, packaging, novel technologies, support and coordination of this book. and cleaning. The second part describes the manufacture and main characteristics of Fidel Toldrá
It often doesn't. I'm not suggesting that you start injecting yourself with odd substances never before tested on humans. I am suggesting, however, that government agencies (the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration) are at least 10 years behind current research, and at least 20 years behind compelling evidence in the field. More than a decade ago, a close friend named Paul was in a car accident and su ered brain damage that lowered his testosterone production. Even with supplemental testosterone treatments (creams, gels, short-acting injectables) and after visiting scores of top endocrinologists, he still su ered from the symptoms of low testosterone. Everything changed-- literally overnight--once he switched to testosterone enanthate, a variation seldom seen in the medical profession in the United States. Who made the suggestion? An advanced bodybuilder who knew his biochemistry. It shouldn't have made a difference, yet it did.
in peak condition at all times, you may wish to perform some of these authorised dealer service department, in order to preserve the factory procedures more often. We encourage frequent maintenance, because warranty. it enhances the efficiency, performance and resale value of your vehicle. 1·4 Maintenance schedule Every 12 000 miles (20 000 km) or 12 months - whichever comes first Every 250 miles (400 km) or weekly In addition to all the items in the 6000 mile (10 000 km) service, carry out the following: See "Weekly checks" On OHV and HCS engines check and if necessary
ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR Available Bit Rate ABRD Automatic Baud Rate Detection ABRS Automated Book Request System [British Library] ABS Address Book Synchronization [IBM] + Absolute ABT Abort ABTS ASCII Block Terminal Services AC Autocheck + Automatic Computer + Alternating Current ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol ACC Accumulator ACCMAIL Accessing the Internet Via Email ACD Automatic Call Distribution ACDI Asynchronous Communications Device Interface
New insights are derived from the become the most popular feature of research findings, sayings, and customs the book. Boston. New York • San Francisco Mexico City • Montreal • Toronto • London • Madrid • Munich • Paris Hong Kong • Singapore • Tokyo • Cape Town • Sydney Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Limoges Editorial Assistant: Christina Manfroni Executive Marketing Manager: Wendy Gordon Production Supervisor: Liz Napolitano Editorial Production Service: Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: JoAnne Sweeney Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Modern Graphics, Inc. Photo Researcher: Rachel Lucas Cover Design: Joel Gendron For related titles and support materials, visit our online catalog at www.pearsonhighered.com Copyright © 2009, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be
CHAPTER 1 GETTING TO KNOW THE TOEFL WHAT IS THE TOEFL? The TOEFL is a comprehensive English language examination required by more than 3,000 colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world. In addition, foreign born professionals frequently need a TOEFL score for certification to practice their profession in the United States or Canada. The TOEFL is a timed test that consists of the three sections listed here. THE TOEFL Section 1 Listening Comprehension 50 questions 35 minutes Part A Statements 20 questions Part B Short Dialogs 15 questions Part C Minitalks and Extended Conversation
opposite number in S.I.S. to the President, the secretaries of State, War, and Navy, and a handful of top-ranking Army and Navy officers. The two others were file copies. This decode was part of a whole series of Japanese intercepts, which had long ago been given a collective codename, partly for security, partly for ease of reference, by a previous director of naval intelligence, Rear Admiral Walter S. Anderson. Inspired, no doubt, by the mysterious daily production of the information and by the aura of sorcery and the occult that has always enveloped cryptology, he called it MAGIC. When Bryant had finished, Kramer sent S.I.S. its seven copies, and at 8 o'clock took a copy to his superior, Captain Arthur H. McCollum, head of the Far Eastern Section of the Office of Naval Intelligence. From: Tokyo To: Washington December 7, 1941 Purple (Urgent - Very Important) #907. To be handled in goverment code. Re: my #902a.
What is going on outside of you is a reflection of what is going in inside of you. You can tell the inner condition of a person by looking at the outer conditions of his or her life. And it cannot be otherwise. ■ THOUGHTS ARE THINGS Your mind is extraordinarily powerful. Your thoughts control and determine almost everything that happens to you. They can raise or lower your heart rate, improve or interfere with your digestion, change the chemical composition of your blood, and help you to sleep or keep you awake at night. Your thoughts can make you happy or sad, sometimes in an instant. They can make you alert and aware, or distracted and de- ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:23 PM Page xv Introduction ➤ xv pressed
projects before beginning construction in order to resolve unforeseen design issues and check for constructability. During the last decade, this model-building has moved into the virtual world in the form of Building Information Modeling (BIM). The idea of an intelligent information rich building model is not new. The identity of BIM dates back nearly 30 years, while the terminology of the “Building Information Model” has been in circulation for at least 15 years. Mass production and standardization that dominated the 20th century steel industry, is now, as a result of the proliferation of 3D computer aided design and manufacturing tools, turning into mass customization. The first notable steel structure to utilize 3D modeling was a copper-clad fish sculpture designed by Frank Gehry for Barcelona’s 1992 Olympic village. A key reason for Gehry’s adaptation of digital tools was the increasingly difficult task of describing the innovative new designs to the contractor
! Caution Take appropriate and sufficient countermeasures when installing systems in the following locations: xvii Application Precautions 5 • Locations subject to static electricity or other forms of noise. • Locations subject to strong electromagnetic fields. • Locations subject to possible exposure to radioactivity. • Locations close to power supplies. ! Caution The operating environment of the PC System can have a large effect on the lon- gevity and reliability of the system. Improper operating environments can lead to
A complaint is filed against IBM, alleging monopolistic practices in its computer business, in violation of the Sherman Act. G. W. Dummer, a radar expert from Britain's Royal Radar Establishment presents a paper proposing that a solid block of materials be used to connect electronic components, with no connecting wires. 1953 IBM shipped its first electronic computer, the 701. Speedcoding: John Backus. 1954 Texas Instruments announces the start of commercial production on silicon transistors. [110] Herbert Simon and Allen Newell unveiled Logic Theorist software that supplied rules of reasoning and proved symbolic logic theorems. The Logic Theorist, as the program became known, was the major exhibit at a conference organised in 1956 at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, by John McCarthy, who subsequently became one of the most influential figures in AI. Newell, Simon and Shaw went on to construct the General Problem Solver, or GPS. The first
A n d so on. Studios have to use design principles and apply some k i n d of standards to evaluating and developing stories, if only because they produce so many of them. T h e average studio or division in H o l l y w o o d has bought and is developing one hundred fifty to two hundred stories at a time. T h e y must spend more resources evaluating thousands of potential projects submitted by agents each year. To handle the large number of stories, some of the techniques of mass production, such as standardization, have to be employed. But they should be employed sparingly and with great sensitivity for the needs of the particular story. S T A N D A R D LANGUAGE A most important tool is a standardized language that makes possible the thousands of communications necessary to tell so many stories. N o one dictates this language, but it becomes part of everyone's education in the unwritten rules of the business.
widespread violence inflicted for religious and ideological reasons. Humans suffered more at the hands of each other than through natural disasters. By the year 1914, however, the highly intelligent human mind had invented not only the internal combustion engine, but also bombs, machine guns, submarines, flame throwers, and poison gas. Intelligence in the service of madness! In static trench warfare in France and Belgium, millions of men perished to gain a few miles of mud. When the war was over in 1918, the survivors look in horror and incomprehension upon the devastation left behind: ten million human beings killed and many more maimed or disfigured. Never before had human madness been so destructive in its effect, so clearly visible. Little did they know that this was only the beginning. By the end of the century, the number of people who died a violent death at the hand of their fellow humans would rise to more than one hundred million
EHITUSTEADUSKOND Eesti eluasemefondi puitkorterelamute ehitustehniline seisukord ning prognoositav eluiga Uuringu lõpparuanne Ehituskonstruktsioonid Ehitusfüüsika Tehnosüsteemid Sisekliima Energiatõhusus Tallinn 2011 EHITUSTEADUSKOND Eesti eluasemefondi puitkorterelamute ehitustehniline seisukord ning prognoositav eluiga Uuringu lõpparuanne Targo Kalamees, Endrik Arumägi, Alar Just, Urve Kallavus, Lauri Mikli, Martin Thalfeldt, Paul Klõšeiko, Tõnis Agasild, Eva Liho, Priit Haug, Kristo Tuurmann, Roode Liias, Karl Õiger, Priit Langeproon, Oliver Orro, Leele Välja, Maris Suits, Georg Kodi, Simo Ilomets, Üllar Alev, Lembit Kurik
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Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu digitaalarhiiv DIGAR Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu digitaalarhiiv DIGAR Ain Tulvi LOGISTIKA Õpik kutsekoolidele Tallinn 2013 Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu digitaalarhiiv DIGAR Käesolev õppematerjal on valminud „Riikliku struktuurivahendite kasutamise strateegia 2007- 2013” ja sellest tuleneva rakenduskava „Inimressursi arendamine” alusel prioriteetse suuna „Elukestev õpe” meetme „Kutseõppe sisuline kaasajastamine ning kvaliteedi kindlustamine” programmi „Kutsehariduse sisuline arendamine 2008-2013” raames.
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