Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Reported speech". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
perfect, continuous, simple, previous, before, present, bought, asked, infinitive, imperative, following, teacher, come, having, lunch, parents, could, swim, france, times, working, hard, tickets, advance, shall, might, change, possible, smoke, tell, told, shut, here, again, money, night, started, arrived, already, living, five, years, positive, todayReported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his I'm having lunch with my parents. parents. past perfect simple
present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher present continuous past continuous. I'm having lunch with my parents. He said he was having lunch with his parents. present perfect simple past perfect simple I've been to France three times. He said he had been to France three times. present perfect continuous past perfect continuous I've been working very hard. He said he had been working very hard. past simple past perfect I bought a new car. He said he had bought a new car. past continuous past perfect continuous It was raining earlier
We can report people's words by using direct speech or direct speech reported speech. speech `I'm tired!', Helen said. Helen said (that) she was tired. The main verb of the sentence is usually past ( Tom said that... / I told her that...) and the rest of the sentence is usually past too. Sequence of tenses if the verb in the main sentence is in the past tense the other verbs are usually in one of the past tense too. Present Simple Past Simple I'm a teacher. He said (that) he was a teacher Present Progressive Past Progressive I'm having lunch with my He said (that) he was having parents. lunch with his parents. Past Simple Past Perfect He said (that) he had bought a I bought a new car. new car.
3 TALLEGG 11 MIZDE 4 VESITERM 12 LADA 5 STOW 13 SCHWUNG 6 KALEV 14 MAIASMOKK 7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes,
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3
· Shall/will · Should/would · Can · Could · May · Might · Must · Have/has to · Ought to · Had to CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE · DIRECT · INDIRECT · NOW · THEN · TOMORROW · THE FOLLOWING DAY · NEXT WEEK · THE FOLLOWING WEEK · TONIGHT · THAT NIGHT · TODAY · THAT DAY · YESTERDAY · THE DAY BEFORE · LAST NIGHT · THE NIGHT BEFORE · LAST WEEK · THE WEEK BEFORE · HERE · THERE · THIS · THAT · THESE · THOSE CHANGES OF TENSES · DIRECT · INDIRECT · SIMPLE PRESENT · SIMPLE PAST · SIMPLE PAST · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT · PAST CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT CONT. CONT.
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7 Eessõnad 7 Kesksõnad 8
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no.
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
INGLISE KEELE KORDAMINE TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening
· For certain/sure Tel · The truth l · A lie, story, secret, joke · The time · The difference · One from another · Somebody one's name · Somebody the way · Somebody so · Someone's · fortune as · a question k · a favour · the price · after somebody · the time · around · something/somebo dy Direct speech Reported speech Present simple Past simple My flight leaves He said his flight left at 3 3 o'clock. o'clock. Present Past Continuous continuous He said he was playing I am playing tennis that afternoon. tennis this afternoon. Present Perfect Past Perfect I have cleaned I said he had cleaned my room. his room. Past Simple Past Simple or Past I paid 12 for the Perfect video. He said he paid/had
A – AN - THE Time Expressions • we don't use an article: at night, at noon, every We don't usually use an article week, every day, every night, last morning, last • to talk about things in general. • before the names of countries, cities, towns and villages. week, all night, all day, tomorrow, yesterday,... • with plural nouns and uncountable nouns when talking about them • use the with in the morning, in the afternoon, generally. during the night, the winter, the summer, the day Examples: She has got long hair
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
term. We would be grateful if you would allow us to hold the party in the main hall on 30th May from 8pm to 11pm. We plan to have a disco and some refreshments. Melanie Clark is making the arrangements for the food and drink and Vicki Brown is organising the decorations. In accordance with the college rules, we will make sure the hall is cleaned immediately after the party. Also, as the party will be over before midnight I can assure that there will not be a problem about the noice. I hope that this meets with your approval. If you have any questions please do not hestitate to ask. Yours sincerely, allkiri Liis Perekonnanimi Application Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of information officer which was advertised in ,,The Evening News". I am 19 years old and am studying German at university. I am in my third year and would like the
I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking? He/she/it is going He/she/it is not going Is he/she/it going? We/you/they are making We/you/they are not making Are we/you/they making? NB! ERANDID!
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused)
kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river. et rääkida sündmusest, mis oli kestev, kui teine sündmus aset leidis They were driving down the road when a dog ran in front of the car. et rääkida tegevustest, mis leidsid aset samal ajal minevikus While I was cooking lunch, Gina was washing the floor. 4.2c Past perfect simple (Had+past participle) Kasutame et rääkida sündmustest, mis leidsid aset enne, kui teine mineviku vorm When I saw her, I realised I had met her before kaudses kõnes 4.2c Kestev täisminevik Kasutame: et rääkida tegevusest, mis kestsid kuni nimetatud sündmuseni minevikus I had been walking for three hours when I came to a small village. kaudses kõnes UNIT 5 5.1 Time expressions .
Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
Kõik õigused on kaitstud. Ilma autoriõiguse omaniku eelneva kirjaliku loata pole lubatud ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ..
REPORTED SPEECH (Kaudkõne) Muutuvad ajamäärused ja mõned teised sõnad: He says, ,,I'm not a bully." He says (that) he is not a bully. today -> that day He said ,,I'm not a bully." He said (that) he was not a bully. tomorrow -> the next day Pealause Kõrvallause yesterday -> the day before Kui pealause on minevikus (said, asked), siis toimub last week -> the week before kõrvallauses muutused. this week -> that week Present Simple Past Simple this -> that write(s) wrote these -> those Present Continuous Past Continuous now -> then am/ is/ are writing was/ were writing ago -> before
· · Past tenses Past Simple is used for: Past actions which happened one immediately after the other. E.g. She stood up, went up to her and grabbed her wrists. Completed actions or events, which happened at a stated past time. E.g. I went to the cinema last night. Past habits or states. E.g. my grandfather always wore a hat. Complete actions not connected to the present with a stated or implied time reference. E.g. Beethoven created wonderful classical pieces. Time expressions used with Past Simple: yesterday, last week/month etc, ago, then, just, now, when, in 1991, etc Past continuous is used for: Actions in the middle of happening at a stated past time. E.g. She was flying to Paris this time last Monday. A past action in progress interrupted by another past action. The longer
Ways of expressing the Future Table of Contents Future Simple ...................................................................... 2 Be going to ........................................................................... 3 Present Continuous .............................................................. 3 Present Simple ..................................................................... 4 Future Continuous ............................................................... 4 Future Perfect....................................................................... 6 Other ways of referring to the future ..................................... 7 Other future references......................................................... 8 Future Simple In Future Simple we use the modal verb will + the verb. It is the same in all persons. I will work I’ll work
PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + Ving + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Past Tense
Iga aeg võib esineda neljas eri rühmas 1.IndefiniteTenses (üldajad) 2.Continious Tenses (kestvad ajad) 3.Perfect Tenses (perfekti ajad) 4.Perfect Continious Tenses (perfekti kestvad ajad) Indefinite Tenses (üldajad) used to describe actions but do not state whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti Peter visits us every day. Peter visited us yesterday. Peter will visit us tomorrow. Continuous Tenses (kestvad ajad) are used when talking about a particular point in time · We were sleeping when the storm began. What were you doing at five o'clock? When I came, the children were sleeping. Perfect Tenses are used when an action or situation in the present is linked to a moment in the past often used to show things that have happened up to now but aren't finished yet to emphasize that something happened but is not true anymore Mary was tired
REPORTED SPEECH Jutustav lause olevikus Present Simple ---> Past Simple Present Continuous ----> Past Continuous Ann said ,,I am reading a book Ann said (that) she was reading a book Palved to + algvorm Tom said to me, ,,Find me her number, please!" Tom asked me to find him her number. Kelsie said to Lisa ,,Don't argue with me!" Kelsie told Lisa not to argue with her. Jutustav lause minevikus Past Simple --> Past Perfect (had + 3.pv) Present Perfect --> Past Perfect Past Continuous ---> had + been + ing Lynn said ,,I went to the cinema last night." Lynn said (that) she had gone to the cinema the night before. Ed said ,,I have finished the exercise."
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