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2010-10-26
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I Native Americans · Origin of Native Americans Origin is debatable Siberia->Alaska Crossed the land bridge around 14,000 years ago "ice-free corridor" Hunters, searching for fresh grounds · Different tribes and their way of life In tents, dark skin, hair is long, black and straight, women-agriculture, men- hunting. bands(chief. Travelled together) and tribes land was owned by the tribe that occupied it. 200 different tribes Apache- "enemy"- hunted buffalos, oil and natural gas from their land Cherokee- largest tribe Cheyenne- from Minnesota and S & N Dakota. High system of laws Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Signed in 1787 by Thomas Jefferson. The creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory Ohio River was settled, 5 new states Advancement of education, maintenance of civil liberties, exclusion of slavery Promised not to invade or disturb Indians Northwest Indian War-> to stop white expropriation (sundkoormis) · Indian Removal Act of 1830 D
th western Scotland, until 10 c Mysteriously disappeared Constantly fought with Romans Teir country- Caledonia- Pictland The Scots, Hibernia Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede A monk in the Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow In 731 ,,The Great Ecclesiastical History of the English People"- overshaows all other sources of 7th, early 8th C Well-founded scraps of tradition, first work of history, where AD system is used Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France
In Hadrian's time the ancient race called the Scots inhabited Hibernia (now called Ireland). Irish and Scottish missionaries were spreading Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England during the 6th centurie. The Latin term Scotti refers to the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland and the Irish who settled in western Scotland. *The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time. He is remembered mainly for his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People." This five volume work records events in Britain from the raids by Julius Caesar to the arrival of the first missionary from Rome. Bede's writings are considered the best summary of this period of history ever prepared. Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain Very little is known about
womens magazine. Anti human values of the city. Sacco and Vanzetti-two Americans of Italian origin, who were fighters of rights of workers. They were executed, it is been proved that they have been accused wrongfuly, it wasnt fair, they were communists. The 1930's saw the publications ,,USA trilogy"- 1."The 42nd Parallel", 2. ,,1919", 3. ,,Big Money". All the three books were published in 1930's. It's his masterpiece, the greatest work. He did a huge work. He traces the history of usa to the very end of the 19th century, the american-spanish war-to 1927, the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti. He shows history as a great operative force, wants to recreate history, wants to show that the causes of what is happening now has to be found somewhere in the history. Unlike other modernists Dos Passos is interested in the average man, more than other modernist authors. Geography of the novel extends from east coast to west coast
the past in general. This attention to the past, as Irving scholar William P. Kelly has noted, was one reason for Irving's success with his American audience. Kelly points out that Americans, recently severed from their European heritage, were struggling with an identity crisis at the time they were reading Irving's work, which itself looks both forward and backward. (xii). Irving is a major figure in the history of the short story in America. Indeed, Fred Lewis Pattee begins his book The Development of the American Short Story with Irving and identifies The Sketch Book, which contains "Rip Van Winkle" and the "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," as the starting point for this literary form in the United States. Pattee notes that the short story suited Irving, who tended to write in "spurts and dashes": "He did not deliberately choose the shortened form: he fell into it
.................................................................. 18 References............................................................................................................................ 19 2|Page 17101850 The century and a half following the Great Northern War, which ended with the Peace of Uusikaupunki, was a relatively static period in Estonian history with few momentous events. This was the time of the crystallization and the culmination of serfdom, when various socio- political and cultural undercurrents were also active, preparing the ground for the industrial society and the national-democratic movement in the second half of the 19th century. The 1710 of the corporations of knights and towns, until Alexander II (18551881), established the relationships between Estonia, Livonia and the Russian Empire. The Baltic
17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index A Note on the Abridged Version MANY PEOPLE have urged me to put out a paperback edition of The Codebreakers. Here it is. It comprises about a third of the original. This was as big as the publishers and I could make it and still keep the price within reason. In cutting the book, I retained mainly stories about how codebreaking has affected history, particularly in World War II, and major names and stages in the history of cryptology. I eliminated all source notes and most of the technical matter, as well as material peripheral to strict codebreaking such as biographies, the invention of secondary cipher systems, and miscellaneous uses of various systems. I had no space for new material, but I did correct the errors reported to me and updated a few items. The chapters have been slightly rearranged.
III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSICAL TRENDS. HEINO ELLER: A PROGRAMME PAINTER. VI. THE THIRTIES. THE WIDENING OF NATIONAL SYMPHONISM. THE RISE OF ATTENTION TO HISTORY AND FOLKLORE: JUHAN AAVIK, EDUARD TUBIN, EUGEN KAPP. VII. FURTHER MATURING OF SYMPHONIC MUSIC: HEINO ELLER, EVALD AAV, EDUARD TUBIN. THE FIRST ESTONIAN BALLET. SUMMARY OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD. HALF A CENTURY UNDER SOVIET OCCUPATION. IDEOLOGY OVER MUSIC. EXTENSIVE INFLUX OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS. VIII. THE FORTIES. TRANSFORMATION OF ESTONIAN LIFE. THE WAR-TIME SYMPHONIC OUTPUT. IX. THE PLANTING OF NEW CREATIVE PRINCIPLES DURING THE POST-WAR YEARS. X
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