Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor, an illustrator, museum curator and pottery designer, was the principal and professor of architectural sculpture at the newly- founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Later in life Kipling illustrated many of Rudyard Kipling's books, and other works. Kipling also remained editor of the Journal of Indian Art and Industry, which carried drawing works from the students of the Mayo School. COUPLE named their son after the place they had first met Rudyard Lake. Alice Kipling Fleming - Sister of British author Rudyard Kipling who became a well-known psychic, producing automatic writing under the name "Mrs. Holland." Born June 11, 1868, Alice Kipling was privately educated. She went to India at age 16 and married British army officer John Fleming. While in India she wrote a number of poems, and in 1893 initially experimented with automatic writing. After a
One of the most memorable English writers of all time Family of Joseph Rudyard Kipling Mother Alice MacDonald Kipling Father John Lockwood Kipling Sister Alice Kipling Fleming Early Life 30 December 1865 in Bombay, in British India Captain and Mrs. Holloway - Lorne Lodge Paradise at Aunt Georgie's and her husband 1878 - admitted to the United Services College Bombay in 1865 Travels & First writings 1883 - visited Simla thirty-nine stories appeared in the Gazette included in Plain Tales from the Hills Kipling's first prose collection 1887 Allahabad in the United Provinces published six collections of short stories 1889 sold the rights to his six volumes of stories Life London published a novel - The Light that Failed and on the 18 January 1892 Carrie Balestier (29) and Rudyard Kipling (26) were married in London United States didn't find a country that lived up to his expectations
pressures that some people were experiencing. Unlike other such writings at the time, the novel is unusual in that it is not set in London. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas (commonly known as A Christmas Carol) is a novella by Charles Dickens first published on December 19, 1843 with illustrations by John Leech. The story was an instant success, selling over six thousand copies in one week, and the tale has become one of the most popular and enduring Christmas stories of all time. William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society. Thackeray, an only child, was born in Calcutta, India, where his father, Richmond Thackeray (1 September 1781 13 September 1815), held the high rank of secretary to the board of revenue in the British East India Company.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was a British author and poet. He was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay, in India which was part of the British Empire then. he is best known for his works of fiction The Jungle Book (1894) (a collection of stories which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including The Man Who Would Be King (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), and If-- (1910).He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works speak to a versatile and luminous narrative gift. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in English, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
jordan. She places love above war, politics. Pablo is another type, he is a moral coward, he is a defeatist, who wants to avoid personal danger and wants to save his life, he is mean and betrays his country men. Pilar, Pablo's woman, strong, courageous, patriot, never the less understands the importance of individual human happiness. Human independence and solitarity. Jordan dies, he is left to die. Maria problably is pregnant. Towards the end of his life Heingay wrote short stories. 1952 novella ,,The old man and the sea". The protagonist is an old cuban fisherman. Cuba was that time almost the colony of usa. Santiago is an old fisherman who isn't able to catch anything for several days. One day he catches enormous fish. He is exhausted from trying to fight that fish and has to tie the fish to the boat. While he is rowing back to village the sharks eat the fish when he arrives back to village. It is a moral victory of defeat. Man may be destroyed but not defeated
process. Consequently, they were attracted to the idea of democracy, where the government is "of the people, by the people, for the people," as Lincoln later expressed in his Gettysburg Address. Religious Tolerance: Much impetus for the ideas of religious tolerance came from the rule of King George II, who was a staunch Catholic and did not allow freedom of religion to Protestants in New England. Voltaire was among the first to denounce Christianity and other organized religions as mere ploys to support monarchy. What emerged was Deism, which was more or less a new religion that considered reason its foundation. In Deism, there is no interference by a deity, and man controls his own destiny. These ideas stirred the masses into action, as the people dreamed of carving their own futures. Adopted by the Founding Fathers, Enlightenment
Legends of the Fall Jim Harrison Kasper Keps 11c About the author James "Jim" Harrison Born in December 11, 1937 in Grayling , Michigan. American author known for his poetry, fiction, essays, reviews, and writings about food Blind in one eye since childhood (left eye) . He was educated at Michigan State University where he received his B.A. (1960) and M.A. (1964) in comparative literature Married and has two daughters. Has written over 50 books. Main Characters COL. WILLIAM LUDLOW - Idealistic, formalistic, rational, stong willed, so principled that he left his job because of unethical behavor in the army, it's
American literature The literary history of this nation when the first humanbeing living in what has since become the U.S used language creatively. · Mid to late 18 century put down · Words are powerful, magical · Words must be remembered · Native Americans stories creation of the world · Attidude thought their land/language · Similar stories Dates and names · America was discovered in 1492 by Columbus · 1497 John Cabot went to Canada · 1579 San Fransisco/St. Fransis · 1607 Jamestown collony/John Smith · 1620 a boat called MayFlower · 1630 Boston was established · 1636 Harvard University · 1773 Boston Teaparty · 1775 War of Independence · 1776 4 July Declaration of Independence
stories. His first significant work was A Study in Scarlet, which appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university professor, Joseph Bell. Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Interestingly, Rudyard Kipling congratulated Conan Doyle on his success, asking "Could this be my old friend, Dr. Joe?" Sherlock Holmes, however, was even more closely modelled after the famous Edgar Allan Poe character, C. Auguste Dupin. While living in Southsea he played football for an amateur side (that disbanded in 1894), Portsmouth Association Football Club. (This club had no connection with the Portsmouth F.C. of today.) In 1885, he married Louisa (or Louise) Hawkins, known as "Touie", who suffered from tuberculosis and died on 4 July 1906. He married Jean Leckie in 1907, whom he had first
Denial of conventions, traditional structure, plot and presentation of character. The stream of consciousness. Allusiveness. Virginia Woolf's Modern Fiction as a theoretical platform for Modernism. Criticism of Realist literary method. Literary modernism: end of the 19th century-1920 (reached its height) and ended 1940s. A self- conscious break with traditional aesthetic forms. Rejecting the sentiment and discursiveness typical of Romanticism and Victorian literature for poetry that instead favored precision (täppis) of imagery and clear, sharp language. Modernist writers embraced the unconscious fears of a darker humanity. Sub movements: surrealism, formalism, avant-garde, symbolism, imagism Structuralism: Writers used myth and music as a part of the books structure. J. Joyce "Ulysses". Deep structure is the same as in "odyssey" and T.S. Elliot "the fisher king"-more complicated experiment
period. Importance of religion; the stories of King Arthur (also Tristan and Isolde, based on Celtic legends). Importance of the church during the Middle Ages (5th c to 15th c). Three languages used in England: French, English and Latin. Main literary genres: (1) chivalric romance, (2) the fabliau (a comic, often anonymous tale that is characterised by an excess of sexual and other types of obscenity) and (3) literature on religious topics – either moralistic
the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine minds of this incomparable pair. Arts role – to set a noble ideals, to strengthen practice of virtue. He and queen living incarnations of ideals
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began construction in 122 AD.
colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John Donne and the metaphysical poets. All 17 th cent Am writings were, both in content and form, similar to English lit of the same period. The great literary figures of the 18th cent were Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826).
dozens of smaller-scale variants. The dialects often show distinct and non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language. The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye (). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /ei/ in the place of Proto-Slavic * and /ou/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e
Outstanding figures in British literature Eva Martina Põder 11.b British literature Refers to all literature produced by British authors from the United Kingdom, which includes England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man Includes early works written in Gaelic, Welsh, and Latin, works in Old, Middle, and Modern English, each of which represents a different period Full of great works British works in Latin Venerable Bede He lived between 673 and 735 AD The greatest of all the AngloSaxon scholars He's the earliest English historian, whose work has shed light on a period of English history that would have otherwise been unknown
Blandings Castle by P.G. Wodehouse Wodehouse was an acknowledged master of English prose admired both by contemporaries and by modern writers. He has been called "English literature's performing flea", a derogatory description that Wodehouse cherished and adopted as the title of his autobiography. Best known today for the Jeeves and Blandings Castle novels and short stories, Wodehouse was also a talented playwright and lyricist who was part author and writer of fifteen plays and of 250 lyrics for some thirty musical comedies. Wodehouse took a modest attitude to his own works. In Over Seventy (1957) he wrote: "I go in for what is known in the trade as 'light writing' and those who do that humorists they are sometimes called are looked down upon by the intelligentsia and sneered at."
Jake quickly grows bored of their superficial conversation and abandons her in a club to be with Brett. Belmonte - A bullfighter who fights on the same day as Pedro Romero. In his early days, Belmonte was a great and popular bullfighter. But when he came out of retirement to fight again, he found he could never live up to the legends that had grown around him. Hence, he is bitter and dejected. He seems to symbolize the entire Lost Generation in that he feels out of place and purposeless in his later adult life. Harvey Stone - A drunken expatriate gambler who is perpetually out of money. Harvey is intelligent and well read, yet he cannot escape his demons of excessive drinking and gambling. Like many of Jake's friends, he is prone to petty cruelty toward Cohn. Jake Barnes The key events in the formation of Jake's character occur long before the novel's action begins. As a soldier in World War I, Jake is wounded
Trust and National Arts Collections Fund and Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings); conservation movement · What were their aims/concerns? Main aims were to restore old things; make new things more like Gothic (old); displaying old things etc. · What was the ides behind the creation of the public park? In towns there was a need for "green lungs"; air of the city was problematic; people had a place to go on a free day (people started to work 6 days in a week- 1 day off); a place for different classes to mingle and mix (Georgian/landscape park with Romantic/pleasure garden etc.) 3) Lord Tennyson and Victorian poetry · What was his main source of inspiration? He was inspired by romantic authors, especially Keats; another source was King Arthur and Arthurian Tales; (also inspired by nature many descriptions of nature, in many works discussed the role of man and woman in society; morbid themes/deaths etc.); · His works: Collection ,,Poems", ,,The Epic
Paul is the protagonist and narrator of the novel. He is, at heart, a kind, compas-sionate, and sensitive young man, but the brutal expe-rience of warfare teaches him to detach himself from his feelings. His account of the war is a bitter invective against sentimental, romantic ideals of warfare. Read an in-depth analysis of Paul Bäumer. Stanislaus Katczinsky - A soldier belonging to Paul's company and Paul's best friend in the army. Kat, as he is known, is forty years old at the beginning of the novel and has a family at home. He is a resourceful, inventive man and always finds food, clothing, and blankets whenever he and his friends need them. Albert Kropp - One of Paul's classmates who serves with Paul in the Second Company. An intelligent, speculative young man, Kropp is one of Paul's closest friends during the war. His interest in analyzing the causes of the war leads to many of the most critical antiwar
demolished, water hose was very short. 1666 September 2 fire started from a bakery near midnight. Fire lasted for 4 days, 80% of London burnt down. People flee over Thames. Refugee camps were overloaded with crowds. Only a few people died (5-10), the plague ended, many famous buildings were destroyed. Sir Christopher Wren made the plans to rebuild the city. A monument. Siim: "Jane Austen" Born 16 December 1775 in South England. There were 8 children in the family, educated at home, she played piano, read books, wrote poems at the age of 11, 1802 she got proposed which she declined. She moved to Chawton, published novels, got Hodgkin´s disease and died in 1817. 5 unpublished novels. "Sense and Sensibility"the 1st novel, published under a pseudonym "A Lady", has been the material in TV many times. "Pride and Prejudice". Henno Rajandi translated the last into Estonian in 1985, it ends with 2 major weddings
other European countries. English boys play it at school, and in public parks. When they grow up, they play as members of important amateur teams or as a professional in teams competing in football ,,leagues". Professional football is as much a business as a sport. Rugby football was first played in 1823. In rugby every player is allowed to carry the ball. The ball is oval, not round. Each team contains 15 players. The oldest game of football in England is probably the football match which takes place at Ashburn on Shrove Tuesday every year. The game starts in the centre of the town, and the distance between two goals is two miles. The only rule is not to use motorcycles, cars and lorries in the game. In 1958 one team buried the ball. The other team didn't know and ran after them. Later first team took the ball and won. 3) JAMES WATT He was born in the small port of Greenock on the river Clyde in Scotland in 1736. His
Dolly has discovered his affair - with the family's governess - and the house and family are in turmoil. Stiva's affair and his reaction to his wife's distress shows an amorous personality that he cannot seem to suppress. In the midst of the turmoil, Stiva reminds the household that his married sister, Anna Arkadyevna Karenina is coming to visit from Saint Petersburg. Meanwhile, Stiva's childhood friend Konstantin Dmitrievich Levin ("Kostya") arrives in Moscow with the aim of proposing to Dolly's youngest sister Princess Ekaterina Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya, "Kitty". Levin is a passionate, restless but shy aristocratic landowner who, unlike his Moscow friends, chooses to live in the country on his large estate. He discovers that Kitty is also being pursued by Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, an army officer. At the railway station to meet Anna, Stiva bumps into Vronsky
laws to a new province of the Roman Empire and started to build good roads. Officials were appointed (governors, procurators to collect taxes, look after the estates and mines and se that the gold, silver, iron and lead were exported back to Rome). Introduced schools,a new language Latin, large farms (villas), baths. In AD 410 they had to leave . roman occupation lasted nearly 400 years. They left behind very little. Roman province of Britannia covered most of present-day England and Wales. 4. Latin influence on English *The influence of Latin is noticeable also in the names of European cities: the Latin noun colonia (settlement, colony) may be found in numerous place-names: Lincoln, Colchester, Cologne ; from Latin word castrum (military camp) were derived English affixes -chester and -castle: Manchester, Lancaster, Newcastle; Latin word portus (seaport) in Portsmouth *-tor - person, doer, masculine form
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders.
Filtered all the misery. To see human being as several. Every human has some bad in him and every good human some bad. 1920 das kabinett des dr caligari Directed by Robert Wiene. Story of a madman. Mise en scene-all the elements all the elements you find in a theater on the stage. Studio productions, unreal dark settings, contrasted light, extreme stylisatsion, focus on the mood. Narratives: portrayal of subjective realities in objective terms, thematic ambiquity, dark- distorted characters, stories related to the topic of death Influence of german expressionism: Alfred hitchcock, film noir, horror film, fantasy ilm. And via the idea of the artist as an author on the Nouvelle Vague. F. W. Murnau (1888-1931) Initial education: art historian. Started directin feature films in 1919: der knaube in blau. One of the founding fathers of expressionst film and kammerspielfilm. Most influental films: nosferatu, der letzte mann, faust, sunrise. UN CHIEN ANDALOU, ANDALUSIAN DOG, BUNUEL AND BATTLESHIP
Lloyd, an apothecary is summoned. He talks with Jane and sympathetically suggests that she should go away to school. [edit] Chapters 5-10: Jane's education at Lowood School Mrs. Reed sends Jane to Lowood Institution, a charity school, and warns them that Jane is deceitful. During an inspection, Jane accidentally breaks her slate, and Mr. Brocklehurst, the self-righteous clergyman who runs the school, brands her as a liar and shames her before the entire assembly. Jane is comforted by her friend, Helen Burns. Miss Temple, a caring teacher, facilitates Jane's self-defense and writes to Mr. Lloyd whose reply agrees with Jane's. Ultimately, Jane is publicly cleared of Mr. Brocklehurst's accusations. Jane mistakes Mr. Rochester for a Gytrash. While the Brocklehurst family lives in luxury, the eighty pupils are subjected to cold rooms, poor meals, and thin clothing. Many students fall ill when a typhus epidemic strikes. Jane's friend Helen dies of consumption in Jane's arms. When Mr
feet, inches-roman measurements;christianity; Roman basilica in curches; reading, writing; buildings, roads Christianity in Roman Britain Until 4th C christians were persecuted 313 AD Emperor Constantine legalised christianity 380 AD Emperor Theodosius I made it the official religion of the empire Paganism had been eclipsed but continued to pose a political, religious challenge Boudicca Queen of Iceni people of Eastern England, led an uprising against Roman forces Prasutagus(ruler) was first allowed to rule when romans conquered England, after his death, romans decided to rule Iceni and flogged Boudicca and raped her daughters 60-62 AD Iceni rebelled, Boudicca´s warriors defeated Roman Ninth Legion, destroied capital-Colchester Finally Boudicca was defetated, she poisoned herself to avoid capture Hadrian´s wall A defensive barrier builtin 122 AD by Roman
The Renaissance In the history the Middle Ages were followed by the Renassance period. During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy
60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honsh. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales. All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff. The Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the political union of the kingdoms of England
baths. The Boston Public Library is the largest municipal public library in the United States and was established in 1848. It was the first publicly supported municipal library in the United States and the first public library to allow people to borrow books and other materials. The Bodleian Library, the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England is second in size only to the British Library. It is one of five copyright deposit libraries in the United Kingdom. The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is based in London and Boston Spa and is one of the world's most significant research libraries, holding over 150 million items. The Library's collections include around 25 million books,[1] along with substantial additional collection of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC
as she is desperate to fit in with the other children in her neighbourhood while forever feeling like an outsider because she is "different". She and her family are the only immigrants in the village. They are trying to work out how to fit into British society while attempting to maintain their own culture. Meena's house is always full of a constant stream of ethnic visitors and her parents seem to see no need to integrate futher. Namely, her parents considered every Indian immigrant in England as a friend or even as a part of the family. Meena's family are keen to see her keeping up the family's cultural tradition. Meena on the other hand, is caught between two cultures. She is having a difficult time adjusting to her surroundings, wishing she were blonde and carefree like her 14-year-old neighbor, Anita (Brewster). Meena idolizes Anita for her looks and free spirit, and in many ways wants to be
1. Beowulf. The dating of Beowulf is still controversial. The poem is one of the earliest and greatest monuments of the Germanic literatures. The main stories of the poem (the fights of B.) are versions of common folk-tales, but the poet also introduces many incidental stories, some of which belong to the world of ancient Germanic legend. He writes his folk-tales and legends in a web of other events, mainly set in the Baltic Kingdoms. He shows a very rich and leisurely portrayal of this Baltic world, providing many customs like the close relationship between lord and man in the war-band and others. All this encouraged the supposition that the unknown author of the poem was himself a bard of the ancient type portrayed within the poem (a lord's scoop)
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