. . 125 5-6 Troubleshooting Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 5-7 Maintenance Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 5-8 Handling Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SECTION 6 Expansion Memory Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 6-1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 6-2 Specifications and Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 6-3 Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
two states or conditions. These binary circuits have only two states, ON or OFF. Standardized means of storing these codes: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) UNICODE (Extended ASCII) Each pixel contains a value representing some shade of gray. The more shades of gray possible, the more memory will be needed. Instructions: Must be stored within the computer before use. Must be stored in binary form. A set of binary instructions is called a program. Program: A collection of instructions for the computer to perform one by one. Machine Language: The language of the computing machine. All instructions must be in the form of binary numbers (binary code).
1. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 0 2. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 0; V = 0 3. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 1; V = 0 4. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 0 5. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 0 6. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 0 7. N = 1; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 1 8. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 1; V = 1 9. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 1; V = 1 9. a) V and C b) N == Input and output 10. You have four PROM modules like the below figure and a sufficient collection of logic gates. Draw a circuit diagram showing how you can implement 4 kB of MP addressable memory to your Microprocessor with12 address bits. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) scheme has 10 address pins == 10. There was an error in the question. Assume the PROM module to be used has only 10 address pins. The input consists of 12 address bits. Use the most significant 2 bits to select a memory chip and the least significant 10 bits to select an address within the chip. The least
Motherboard - the principle printed circuit board assembly in a computer; includes core logic (chipset), interface sockets and/or slots, and input/output (I/O) ports. Printed circuit board (PCB) - a thin, laminated sheet composed of a series of epoxy resin and copper layers and etched electronic circuits (signal, ground and power) Chipset (or core logic) - two or more integrated circuits which control the interfaces between the system processor, RAM, I/O devises, and adapter cards. Processor slot/socket - the slot or socket used to mount the system processor on the motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X
parameters can be calculated in software and stored. For example, you might bring the system (or just the sensor) to a known temperature and measure the output. You know that an ideal sensor should produce an output voltage X for temperature T, but the real sensor produces an output voltage Y for temperature T. By measuring the output at several temperatures, you can build up a table of information that relates the output of that specific sensor to temperature. This information can be stored in memory. When the micro- processor reads the sensor, it looks in the memory (or does a calculation) to determine the actual temperature. You would want to look at storing this calibration with the sensor if it is not physically located with the microprocessor. This way, the sensor can be changed without recalibrating. Figure 1.1 shows three means of handling this calibration. In diagram A, a microprocessor connects to a remote sensor via a cable.
1950 Engineering Research Associates of Minneapolis built the ERA 1101, the first commercially produced computer; the company's first customer was the U.S. Navy. 1951 The UNIVAC I delivered to the U.S. Census Bureau was the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine often was mistakenly referred to as the "IBM UNIVAC." Remington Rand eventually sold 46 machines at more than $1 million each. The first AI program to run in the U.S. was also a checkers program, written in 1952 by Arthur Samuel of IBM for the IBM 701. 1952 Heinz Nixdorf founded Nixdorf Computer Corp. in Germany. It remained an independent corporation until merging with Siemens in 1990. 1953 IBM shipped its first electronic computer, the 701 Speedcoding: John Backus. 1954 Texas Instruments announces the start of commercial production on silicon transistors.
60 - 80 -20 0 1 0 0 Result is negative (N) Z remains 0, because result isn’t zero. Input and output 10. You have four PROM modules like the below figure and a sufficient collection of logic gates. Draw a circuit diagram showing how you can implement 4 kB of MP addressable memory to your Microprocessor with12 address bits. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) scheme has 10 address pins The input consists of 12 address bits. Use the most significant 2 bits to select a memory chip and the least significant 10 bits to select an address within the chip. The least
· LLC Service Access Point the expiration of an idle-period timer, `11111' detected -> insert `0' flag pattern can never be present in frame data performed by transmit media) node's destination address precedes user data (payload) clock identifies a protocol or the administrative closing of the link. circuit at PISO output disabled during transmission of SOF, EOF · receive circuit: if `111110' synchronization achieved when sender transmits preamble allows other nodes to within the device having that hardware interface. LCP Frame types detected -> remove `0' prior to input into SIPO normally FCS data (prior EOF) subjected to same bit obtain bit synchronization. 3. scheme: bit-encoding violations ( also used w/ SAPs are 7b: shortage -> SNAP above LLC
) 1973 ETHERNET, Bob METCALFE Sholes' klaviatuur (qwerty) ca 1874: 1974- Intel releases its 2-MHz 8080 chip, an 8-bit microprocessor Dvoraki klaviatuur ca 1936 1974 - Bravo is developed for the Xerox Alto computer. It is the first WYSIWYG Perfokaardid ca 1800 Jacquard program for a personal computer. Difference Engine 1822 analüütiline masin, Charles Babbage, progr. Ada 1974- MITS (omanik Ed Roberts) completes the first prototype Altair 8800 Lovelace microcomputer 1837 Morse: elektritelegraaf Altair was one of the first successfully sold personal computer kits for do-it-
At breakdown, the diode goes into avalanche where a number of carriers appear suddenly in the depletion layer. With a rectifier diode, breakdown is usually destructive. 4)Typical values: Uknee- approximatly 0.7V; UF 0.7-2.0V; leakage (IR) 1-10 microA/200- 700microA. 5) Idealized characteristic. In view of a very small leakage current in the reverse- bias state and a small voltage drop in the forward-bias state as compared to the operating voltages and currents of a circuit in which the diode is used, the oputput characteristic of the diode can be idealized as shown in the figure. This corner can be used for analyzing the circuit topology, but should not be used for actual circuit design. At turn on, the diode can be considered as an ideal switchbecause it turns on rapidly as compared to transients in the circuit. 6) One of its main applications is in rectifiers, circuits that convert the Alternating voltage or
the chosen JVM; IBM's implementation exceeded the performance of C++ code compiled with gcc [Ladd 2003]. A detailed comparison of difference versions of Java and other companies' virtual machines and native code compilers can be found in [Doederlein 2002]. An area of Java that is still slow is its GUI API, Swing. GUI components are created and controlled from Java, with little OS support: this increases their portability and makes them more controllable from within a Java program. The downside is speed since Java imposes an extra layer of processing above the OS. This is one reason why some games applications still utilise the original Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) -- it is mostly just simple wrapper methods around OS calls. However, most games do not require complex GUIs: full-screen game play with mouse and keyboard controls are the norm, so GUI speed is less of a factor. Another speed drain is Java's garbage collector, which is run automatically by the
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut Projekt ainetes ,,IRT0030 Andmeside" ja ,,IRT0100 Kommunikatsioonivõrkude struktuurid ja teenused" teemal «VoIP teenus» Üliõpilane: Ruslan Karpovits Õpperühm: IATM Matrikli nr: 050829 Õppejõud: Avo Ots Tallinn 2008 Author's word This project is written to show some interesting aspects of working with VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) service. The project briefly describes the process of finding a solution for based VoIP problem and its realization.
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR Available Bit Rate
microchips tiny pieces of silicon containing complex electronic circuits design to make or draw plans for something financial relating to money or how money is managed electronic involving the use of electric current in devices such as TV sets or computers Internet the large system of connected computers around the world print to produce text and pictures using a printer unformatted a disk that is completely blank, so information can't be recorded onto it Extranet a network that allows communication between a company and the people it deals with transmission the process of sending data over a communication channel reboot to restart the computer, without switching it off completely microbrowser a web browser designed for small screens on handheld devices software engineer a person who designs and maint
of project documents was AutoCAD. Although AutoCAD has a variety of three- dimensional drawing tools, it has been primarily used as a 2D drawing device. AutoCAD documents have their limitations, primarily in that they lack “intelligent” properties. For example, a beam drawn on a 2D AutoCAD document would be symbolized by a single line. The beam size information would be shown in text adjacent to the drawn line. Internally, within the computer memory, no information about the beam is known or compiled. 8 In typical projects, the general contractor takes responsibility for procuring the steel, arranging for fabrication, and ultimately building the structure. The contractor first selects the shop drawing detailer and the steel fabricator. The detailer develops preliminary shop
programm, mille tehnoloogia põhines vaakumtorudel 1950 ERA esimene avalikult esitletud arvuti 1951 UNIVAC I esimene arvuti, mis võitis avalikkuse tähelepanu 1962 võidab esimest korda programm inimest kabemängus. 1952 Heinz Nixdorf asutas Nixdorf Computer corp. Saksamaal hiljem 1990 ühines Siemensiga 1953 esimene elektrooniline arvuti 701 1954 Texas Instruments teatab silikoon transistorite tootmisest Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1955 and 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert Simon and J. C. Shaw.Newell, Simon and Shaw went on to construct the General Problem Solver, or GPS. The first version of GPS ran in 1957 1955 William Shockley leiutab Shockley pooljuhi 1956 IBM leiutab esimese kõvaketta RAMAC 305 5 MB 1956 valmib esimene transistorpõhine arvuti 1957 Fortran (Formula Translator) 1960 IBM avab masstootmishoone; AT&T esimene avalikult müüdav modem; COBOL üks vanimatest
1. OBJECT-ORIENTED PARADIGM The Model •The model defines an abstract view to the problem. This implies that the model focuses only on problem related stuff and that you try to define properties of the problem. These properties include: 1 •the data which are affected and 2 •the operations which are identified by the problem. Object-oriented Paradigm •Everything is an object •A program is a bunch of objects telling each other what to do by sending messages •Each object has its own memory made up of other objects •Every object has a type •All objects of a particular type can receive the same messages Domain Model •A domain model does not represent the entire domain as it is in the real world. It includes only the concepts that are needed to support the application. Object •Is a partitioned area of memory where object code is stored •The area of memory is protected
Eriala: Informaatika Inglise keel Referaat «Trojan horse » Lektor S.Remmelg Üliõpilane A.Parts Rühm RDIR23 Kood 103373 Introduction Trojan (also - troyamn, troyamnets, troyamnsky horse Troma) - a program used by an attacker to gather information, its destruction or modification of, computer malfunction or use of its resources in the wrong purposes. According to the principle of distribution and of the Trojans is not a virus because it does not spread by self-reproduction. This Trojan is run by the user manually or automatically - the program or part of the operating system running on a victim computer (as a module or utility). For this program file (the name,
support is required in this area. ..................(15), ..................(16) your claims and guarantees regarding these products, we feel that you have supplied us with goods that were falsely represented and which are clearly unsuitable for our purposes. Under these circumstances, we ..................(17) believe that your company bears a responsibility to compensate for these unsatisfactory items. We would be grateful if you could inform us as soon as possible of the action which you intend to take. 1 also / either / both / besides 2 However / Although / But / Moreover 3 However / Although / But / Moreover 4/5 either ... or / not only ... but also / firstly ... secondly 6/7 either ... or / not only ... but also / firstly ... secondly 8 in addition / however / therefore / alternatively 9 In addition / However / Therefore / Alternatively
PRAISE FOR The 4-Hour Workweek "This is a whole new ball game. Highly recommended." --Dr. Stewart D. Friedman, adviser to Jack Welch and former director of the Work/Life Integration Program at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania "It's about time this book was written. It is a long-overdue manifesto for the mobile lifestyle, and Tim Ferriss is the ideal ambassador. This will be huge." --Jack Can eld, cocreator of Chicken Soup for the Soul®, 100+ million copies sold "Stunning and amazing. From mini-retirements to outsourcing your life, it's all here. Whether you're a wage slave or a Fortune 500 CEO, this book will change your life!" --Phil Town, New
recording on conventional DVD-R media with compatability with blu ray players. Most editing software these days will handle both HDV and AVCHD formats. When I have done side by side tests comparing my AVCHD camera to my HDV cameras, I am hard pressed to see any real difference. They are very good. When it comes to editing, the AVC format is moch more finicky to work with. If is it a single camera personal video, then I may shoot it on my flash memory camera just because it is convient. If I am shooting anything 2 camera, or any commercial shoots that I know I am going to need to edit, then I shoot HDV, and leave the AVC camera at home. Why? The editing process for HDV is no different than for shooting DV. I plug the player into my old tired work station, and fire up Adobe Premiere pro, and capture my clips no differently than working with DV. In the background Cineform is making I frame versions of the IPB stream. Now I have frame
ABC computer 1939-1942 , Atanasoff-Berry esimene elektronarvuti Esimene transistor - 1947 EDSAC 1949, esimene praktiline stored-program arvuti, programmid olid aukudega peberiribadel ERA 1101 1950 ESIMENE KOMMERTS-TOOTMISES ARVUTI, hoidis bitte magneetilises trumlis, lõpuks suutsid kuni 4000 sõna hoida UNIVAC I 1951 Esimene kommerts-tootmises arvutis, mis äratas suurt tähelepanu, 46 masinat müüdi, 1 million dollarit tükk, Remington Rand tootis Prinz´s chess program -1951 Stratchey checkers program 1952 IBM saadab välja oma esimese elektroonilise arvuti 1953, nimi: (IBM) 701 Texas Instruments alustab silikon-transistoride kommerts-tootmist 1954 Shockley Semiconductor 1955 asutati Arthur Samuel 1955, õpetas Stratchey programmi põhjal tehtud programmi ise õppima, 1962 võitis see programm Connecticuti tsempionit ühe korra ja siis sai 6 korda järjest pähe. IBM toodab/arendab esimese kõvaketta 1956, 5MB mälu FORTRAN 1957, IBM
1 Introduction at the same time as the suspension and regarding the overall performance of the main steering components. internal components. Such a test can be used The first step in this maintenance program as a basis to decide on the extent of the work General information is to prepare yourself before the actual work to be carried out. If for example a This Chapter is designed to help the home begins. Read through all the Sections relevant compression test indicates serious internal mechanic maintain his/her vehicle for safety, to the work to be carried out, then make a list engine wear, conventional maintenance as
against cyber attacks. The protective grid moves a bit, seemingly protecting the code inside. 0:58 1:05 Denotative look : - Words numbers and characters are transformed into another set of randomly positioned characters symbols and numbers. Connotataive look : - Computer code is encrypted by the software. Output code of the encryption seems like random characters, numbers and symbols. For the program, with right key and this code sequence, this is totally in order and it can decrypt it to reveal the message in a way that also humans could read it. 1:17 Denotative look : - Padlock with squares on its corner lightning up Connotative look : - Lock represents protection from the thiefs, security, and it can be opened/unlocked only by the person who have a key for that lock. In this video it means that the data is
interface element. Multiple views can exist for a single model for different purposes. Controller Processes and responds to events (typically user actions) and may indirectly invoke changes on the model. In computer programming, the proxy pattern is a software design pattern. A proxy, in its most general form, is a class functioning as an interface to something else. The proxy could interface to anything: a network connection, a large object in memory, a file, or some other resource that is expensive or impossible to duplicate. A well-known example of the proxy pattern is a reference counting pointer object. In situations where multiple copies of a complex object must exist the proxy pattern can be adapted to incorporate the flyweight pattern in order to reduce the application's memory footprint. Typically one instance of the complex object is created, and multiple proxy objects are created, all
microprocessor? b) Explain why this method results in higher resolution. Solution: a) 20 MHz divide by 10000 producing 2000 Hz or time length = 0.5 ms. Number of counts = 0.5ms/100ns=5000 counts 18 MHz divide by 10000 producing 1800 Hz or time length = 0.5555 ms. Number of counts = 0.555ms/100ns=5555 counts The difference is 555 counts. b) Because that the second method has increased the sampling rate. Question 3 (10 marks) Consider the following simple mixer circuit. a) Why do we require a low-pass filter when using this mixer circuit? b) Name another disadvantage of such a mixer circuit. Solution: a) Because the mixer outputs become four (4) including the two input frequencies, the sum and the difference of them. Actually we need only the difference output frequency (Offset – Input) and the lowpass filter will help to filter aways the higher three output frequencies. b) Name another disadvantage of such a mixer circuit (page 97-98)
Tallinna Polütehnikum Automation Author: TomTom2 Group :AA-09 Instructor: Marina Zotikova Tallinn 2010 Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................3-4 Person Knowledge Technologies supports......................................................................4-6 Online Essay Evaluation Service.....................................................................................6-7 WordNet lexical database................................................................................................7-8 Practice Online (TPO)......................................................................................................8-9 Conclusion..........................
GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforcement or intervention. · Illustrated lessons are tightly focused on core concepts of grammar · Nearly 70 practice exercises are included for ready reinforcement · A wealth of examples are provided on every topic · Concise explanations are bolstered by extra grammar tips and useful language notes
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE Codebreakers
jooksvad programmid, kasutavad mälu, olek(registrid, jms), 2. processes can create other processes, child processes multitasking Eksam– EksamMitu programmi jookseb samaaegselt paralleeltöö Eksam- EksamParalleelselt jooksvad programmid vahetavad kiiresti oma korda CPUs wait/run Eksam– Eksamprogramm ootab oma korda kuni running process on ready/terminated/blocked interrupt Eksam– EksamCPU vastus, et vajab tarkvara tähelepanu. Tehakse kiire koopia program counterist ja registritest. OS üritab peita interrupte kasutajate eest virtuaalmälu Eksam– EksamOS mapib protsessikaupa reaalse mälu “näilikuks”, vabadesse mäluallikatesse ja aadressidele Tekstitöötlus: lihttekst Eksam– Eksamkogu Eksaminfo Eksamainult Eksamtekstina, võib sisaldada kujundusmärgendeid, lõppvarianti kubab mõni teine rakendus või seade
kontroll; info vormile; saadakse datagramm * saadetakse datagramm teisele suhtluspoolele * oodatakse ack kviitungit Võrgukiht(network) Protokollid defineerivad andmeformaadid, sõnumite Rakendus(applicatio järjekorra(nii saatmisel kui vastuvõtmisel), tegevused n) vastuvõtmisel. Transport Juhib kommunikatsiooni:1)süntaks – formaat, keelereeglistik; 2) semantika - loob tähenduse andmetele; 3) ajastusreeglid – kiiruse sobitamine, järjestus jne Protokolli vaja selleks, et lähtepunkt saaks kuidagi aktiverida ühenduse või informeerima ühendust Kanal(link) sihtpunktist. Liskas peab olema kindel, et sihtpunkt on
In the picture above, electrons flow from the negative end of the battery through the wire to the lightbulb. The electricity flows through the wire in the lightbulb and back to the battery. 23 Picture 7.3. Batteries produce electricity 7.5 Electricity travels in circuits Electricity travels in closed loops, or circuits (from the word circle). It must have a complete path before the electrons can move. If a circuit is open, the electrons cannot flow. When we flip on a light switch, we close a circuit. The electricity flows from the electric wire through the light and back into the wire. When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit. No electricity flows to the light. When we turn a light switch on, electricity flows through a tiny wire in the bulb. The wire gets very hot. It makes the gas in the bulb glow. When the bulb burns out, the tiny wire has broken. The path through the bulb is gone.
6 "Use" theories 76 Overview 76 "Use" in a roughly Wittgensteinian sense 77 Objections and some replies 79 Inferentialism 83 Summary 84 Questions 85 Further reading 85 7 Psychological theories: Grice's program 86 Overview 86 Grice's basic idea 86 Speaker-meaning 88 Sentence meaning 92 Summary 96 Questions 96 Further reading 97 8 Verificationism 98 Overview 98
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