1. EPITHET 1. METAPHOR indicates individual 1. ZEUGMA 1. PERIPHRASIS 1. BATHOS based on similarity of 2 evaluation of sth. Logical "to join" w-d is use of longer spoiling the lofty effect. Function notions, hidden comparison attribute is non-evaluative in the same description instead of irony, humour. (dead (faded due to long use "green grass"; grammatical relation plain & short (Author mentions: elevated +down-
+ be able to bring and identify examples. How translators benefit from it? 1. Resolve ambiguity 2. Provide referents to thus, then, he, it , that. 3. Make sense of elliptical sentences (shortened form of sentence) Example: A: Where are you going? B: To school (I’m going to school) – elliptical A: Ready? B: Ready Immidiate words Paragraph The entire text (wtf?) • Register – language user and language use. Language user – time, region and society (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?); language use – tenor, mode and domain (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?). Register-analysis Language user vs. language use – the two main parameters of language change. Variability in the language user is further defined by three broad parameters: 1-Time- (when?) the time when the speaker or the writer lived. For example, if you were to translate a Dickens book from english to russian,
Faktidena sõnastatud väiteis kahtlemine. 4. According to Hume, what two different kinds of mental perceptions can we find in our minds? Ideed ja muljed. 5. What does Hume think about general abstract ideas? Why? Ta leiab, et neid pole tegelikult olemas, kuna inimene konstrueerib ideed muljete põhjal. 6. What does Hume think about the notion of substance? Why? Olemust pole olemas, kuna üldiseid ideid pole olemas. 7. What does Hume think about the notions of God, the world and the self? Why? Neid pole olemas, kuna olemust pole olemas. 8. According to Hume, what is belief and why is important for life? Uskumus on tunne, „elujuht“, mis võimaldab inimelul eksisteerida, kui see peaks olemas olema. G. Kant 1. What is Kant's philosophy goal? Päästa teadus ja usk Hume’i skeptitsismi käest. 2. Why Kant believes that his philosophy is a Copernican Revolution? Sest tema
Frederic Henry - In the sections of the novel in which he describes his experience in the war, Henry portrays himself as a man of duty. He attaches to this understanding of himself no sense of honor, nor does he expect any praise for his service. Even after he has been severely wounded, he discourages Rinaldi from pursuing medals of distinction for him. Time and again, through conversations with men like the priest, Ettore Moretti, and Gino, Henry distances himself from such abstract notions as faith, honor, and patriotism. Concepts such as these mean nothing to him beside such concrete facts of war as the names of the cities in which he has fought and the numbers of decimated streets. Against this bleak backdrop, Henry's reaction to Catherine Barkley is rather astonishing. The reader understands why Henry responds to the game that Catherine proposes--why he pledges his love to a woman he barely knows: like Rinaldi, he hopes for a night's simple pleasures
innocent Clélia Conti, the daughter of Fabrice's jailer, who falls in love with the handsome prisoner. Passion in all its forms is the novel's recurrent theme. And once again, the young hero learns the deeper lessons of spirituality, love, and freedom within the liberating confines of a prison cell. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of The Charterhouse of Parma is its highly sophisticated psychology. Rejecting traditional notions of a fixed and determined psychological makeup, Stendhal never defines his characters and instead depicts individuals in the process of becoming. His literary devices (his authorial comments, the improvisational tone of his narration) seem to grant his characters the freedom to discover themselves. Various forms of freedom are Stendhal's ultimate preoccupation, which probably explains why he repeatedly explores the ambiguities of the prison image
he makes it a rule never to criticize something unless he can offer a solution (p.??). Norman concentrates on person's perception of an object, on nature of human perception of the world in general, on how people approach tasks that designed objects are meant to aid with and poses as an advocate of a user-centered design approach. The book places numerous tools - models, concepts, the whole approach described in detail in 7th Chapter, encompassing all previously mentioned notable notions - at the disposal of anyone involved in design willing to use them. Had it really been made a part of compulsory reading for every designer ever educated from now on, the world undoubtedly would have become a better, more comfortable and user friendly place. One of the leitmotifs of the book that keeps re-emerging throughout is that majority of so called human errors are caused by inadequate design - a notion that serves as an active consolation
bells of the church of St Mary-le-Bow). In fact the term is commonly used to denote people who come from a wider area of the innermost eastern suburbs of London and also an adjoining area south of the Thames. `Cockney' is also used to describe a strong London accent and it is associated with working-class origins. A feature of Cockney speech is rhyming slang : `wife' is referred to as `trouble and strife' and `stairs' as `apples and pears'. 6. Explain the following notions: snobbery, inverted snobbery, posh and being posh, blue/ white collar workers, underclass, social mobility. inverted snobbery middle-class people try to adopt working-class values and habits. posh of a class higher than the one I belong to; being posh being pretentious 7. In the early years of the twentieth century, the playwright and social commentator George Bernard Shaw remarked that an Englishman only had to open his mouth to make some
space, and necessary connection. 20. What does Hume think about the notion of substance? Hume held that since substance cannot be perceived, it should not be assumed to exist. What we call substance is simply a bundle of qualities created by our minds – it is an association of ideas. If qualities were all removed there would be nothing else there. Therefore, substance does not exist. 21. What does Hume thinks about the notions of God, the world and the self? Why? God, the world and even the self, don't exist. 22. According to Hume, what is belief and why is it important for life? Belief is a feeling, a “guide for life”, but we must accept that our knowledge will always be limited, probable and insecure. d. Kant 23. Who said the phrase: “I had to set limits to knowledge in order to make place for faith”? Immanuel Kant 24. What is Kant's philosophy goal? Kant's goal is to save religion from reason
g famous (pos.) = notorious (neg.) 4 Järgnev on pikk näide erinevatest naise kohta käivatest väljenditest (girl, maiden, lass, lassy, baby, young lady), arvan et pole nii oluline, kuna näiteid on konspektis niigi palju, ei hakka üle pakkuma. Inherent connotation 1 IC may be secured by the very object, quality or notion that the word stands for. People appreciate certain notions, as either positive or negative. Negative notions Adj: dirty, nasty, vulgar, obscene, greedy Nouns: sin, fool, death, tragedy Verbs: destroy, offend, steal, ploth (sepitsema) Positive notions Adj: polite, refine, pure, noble, manly Nouns: virtue, beauty, love, bliss Verbs: worship, save, protect 2 This connotation depends on the thing the word stands by. IC may also depend on the structure of the words. Such words usually contain negative affixes, e.g abnormal, heartless,
The count is wiser than he claims, however. He hedges against the transitory nature of love by finding pleasure and amusement in games, birthday parties, and the taking of "a little stimulant." That one can depend on their simple pleasures lends games and divertissement a certain dignity; while they may not match up to the nobility of pursuits such as love, they prove quietly constant. Loyalty versus Abandonment - The notions of loyalty and abandonment apply equally well to love and war. The novel, however, suggests that loyalty is more a requirement of love and friendship than of the grand political causes and abstract philosophies of battling nations. While Henry takes seriously his duty as a lieutenant, he does not subscribe to the ideals that one typically imagines fuel soldiers in combat. Unlike Ettore Moretti or Gino, the promise of honor and the duties of patriotism mean little to Henry.
freedom. John Locke Although John Locke is not the progenitor of social contract theory and is not by any means the last philosopher to wrestle with this concept, his views on fiduciary power, majority consent and limited government have been instrumental in western political thought from the time of the publication of his Two treatises of government to the present day. Locke's writings refute the notions both of the divine right of kings and absolute government by arguing that peoples' destiny should be determined by majority will. In Locke's view this can only be achieved by what he defines as limited government, an overarching framework which allows the people to amend or even dissolve a legislature if it is perceived to break the trust placed in it by the majority. In order to understand the emergence of societies and the concept of limited
how they use the term. /.../ by philosophers of science and are not easily subsumed under more general types of 6. Approaches Emphasizing the Philosophical or Scientific Literature. problems concern the concepts of space and time, and the foundations of mathematics. / Sixth, one may proceed to think critically about science primarily from a .../ Alternative analyses of the notions of space and time have been offered since the consideration of relevant philosophical literature and practice, or from relevant time of Plato and Aristotle, but they apparently have few implications outside of scientific literature and practice. Since the 1940s probably, and the 1950s certainly, it physics, metaphysics, and the philosophy of physics. /.../
Notions for The New World Native Americans Origin of Native Americans Nearly one-third of Native American genes come from west Eurasian people linked to the Middle East and Europe, rather than entirely from East Asians as previously thought, according to a newly sequenced genome. Native peoples of North and South America descended from ancestors who arrived via land bridges from East Asia, possibly in a single migration. Different tribes and their way of life The men were hunters, warriors, and protectors, while the women tended to the children, their homes, and farmed. It depended on the tribe when it came to artwork. In some tribes, the men would actually weave baskets and blankets. Natural foods were consumed and hunted. Deer, buffalo, fish, and various birds were the game of choice. Corn, beans, squash, berries, nuts, and melons were the fruits and vege...
Archaic verbal forms may be used to create the historical background or make the narrative more elevated. On the other hand they may suggest the colloquial speech, because these forms are preserved in dialects (e.g. ending st (you live you livest (second person Singular). ADVERBS: are expressive when used as intensifiers (e.g. terribly smart, horribly polite, awfully pleased, etc.). Such adverbs give a colloquial touch and their expressiveness depends on 2 incompatible clashing notions put together (oxymoron case). Also degrees of comparison may be involved (e.g. better weller). NUMERALS: on the whole numerals are not expressive but become emphatic when used in exaggeration or hyperbole or when used independently standing for a person (metonymy) (e.g. "You are a beautiful 20."). 5. EXPRESSIVENESS ON THE LEVEL OF WORD BUILDING (WB) Words may acquire expressiveness due to their structure.
This was a gradual process where official recognition came after the flag and its colours had gained some sort of symbolic value. It is of course impossible in all cases to establish whether flags had symbolic value for the elites only or whether the people associated themselves with the first flags that were adopted. As we have seen many countries had more than one flag denoting `belonging' before modern times. Varieties of flags referred to vague notions of `nationality' and were in their various designs used at sea by warships, unarmed vessels and privately owned craft be recognised in a context where flags emerged as political symbols in modern times. And flag law was adopted in 1906. England: St. George's Cross (white with red cross) dates from 1348. when Edward III made St. George the patron saint of the Order of the 1348 Cross Flag Garter. Scotland: References to the Saltire (diagonal) cross of St. Andrew (blue with white diagonal cross) N
acceptable in certain circumstances. Regardless, if one wishes to publicly trial a person after they have been tortured, in the eyes of the general public the laws will have to be adhered to and thus grounded evidence must have been obtained by then in order to be able to present it. Failing to do so and deciding to take action behind closed doors would then just be an extension of the lawlessness one has until that moment abided by and if notions could have been stretched to an extent, it now would simply become an outlaw-act. After the events of 9/11, the US government refused to allow some prisoners to testify in criminal court, which stalled the case and led to the sentence to be overturned because of a lack of evidence against who was commonly believed to be an actual terrorist. Disproportionate reasoning Joshua Dratel points to the fact that the life-saving argument of consequentialism can be applied to all situations
emphasis and the relaxed and playful atmosphere in their childhood classrooms. What is needed, however, is paradigm shift from understanding the concept of developmentally appropriate art education in terms of curricula targeting children's actual levels of attainment to that of creating environments that allow children to perform within their "zones of proximal development" (Vygotsky, 1978). This shift can take place only if we free ourselves from the cultural baggage of romanticized notions of child art and accept that while certainly can appeal to our aesthetic sensitivities and emotions, there are other territories of pictorial worlds that children should be free to explore, encouraged to learn about , and provided with assistance to master. Our love of children's natural creative efforts should not become detrimental to their artistic growth in the broadest sense of the term. This revised conception of human development in the area of the
English; connote intimacy and familiarity. "Young lady" if used in formal conversation connotes social distance; but otherwise acquires an ironic ring. Besides "lass / lassie" and "chick / baby" imply approval (positive attitude) and are more expressive than just "girl". INHERENT CONNOTATION (IC) 1. IC may be secured by the very object, quality or notion that word denotes. We mean that people appreciate some certain notions, either positive or negative (e.g. Positively charged words: noble, manly, virtue, beauty, love, etc. Negatively charged words: nasty, vulgar, greedy, sin, death, fool, etc.). This connotation is called referential, it depends on the referent (mean the thing the word stands for). 2. IC may depend on the structure of the word. Such words normally have a transparent structure and more often negative affixes are used (e.g
Steps/Measures should be taken in order to solve/deal with … Et esitada resultaate ja tagajärgi: In this way …; This would …; Then…; if …, the result would be …; The effect/consequence/result … would be … . Lõpetuseks: In conclusion/Finally/To sum up/All things considered 4. The 3 Rs in education are Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic. In our everyday life: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Using the Internet, find definitions to these notions and draw 5 examples how to implement these practices. Reduce Reuse Recycle Let’s Do It! In 2007, a group of people noticed that many of Estonia’s beautiful, native forests were being used as dumping grounds for every kind of garbage imaginable. Soon after, we came up with an ambitious
Words may convey emotional or expressive overtones (gorgeous, okay), or tey may render evaluation (famous, notorious) Inherent connotation--we are dealing with inherent con. When the additional shade of meaning is always present when the word is used, it is a permanent part of the meaning of a word. Inherent connotation may: · Be secured by the very object or notion that the word expresses. People appreciate certain notions as rather positive or negative e.g. pos--pure, noble (adj.); love, beauty (noun); worship, adore (verb) e.g. neg--nasty, dirty; death, fool; steal, destroy · Depend on the structure of the word, mainly on the presence of negative prefixes and suffixes. It is purely linguistic e.g. heartless, impolite, abnormal · Be present in words in synonymic sets that occupy the so-called "final places"
the grammar of print. So he, also, knew when that grammar did not apply. He was asked why he did not write a book on England, since he knew and admired England. He replied: One would have to have an unusual degree of philosophical folly to believe oneself able to judge England in six months. A year always seemed to me too short a time in which to appreciate the United States properly, and it is much easier to acquire clear and precise notions about the American Union than about Great Britain. In America all laws derive in a sense from the same line of thought. The whole of society, so to speak, is founded upon a single fact; everything springs from a simple principle. One could compare America to a forest pierced by a multitude of straight roads all converging on the same point. One has only to find the center and everything is revealed at a glance.
Rõhk on erilise kvaliteedi ja reputatsiooni omamisel, millel on seos vastava geograafilise piirkonnaga; 3 GARANTEERITUD TRADITSIOONILINE ERITUNNUS TSG (Traditional Specialty Guaranteed) GTE On kõige paindlikumate reeglitega Summary The objective of this thesis is to give an overview of the principles of geographical indications and trade marks and to compare the legal protection of the notions. The comparison of geographical indications and trade marks revealed that a geographical indication is not exclusive property in the way that a trade mark is and therefore needs more attention and protection from public authorities. Chapter One gives an overview of the types and protection of intellectual property and presents the main principles of the emergence of the protection of intellectual property. The Chapter
duly mentioned for each of them, this unusual and widely spread gift for communication in Western languages, after a long period of nationalist dictatorship, is never questioned by the travellers. It is never correlated with broader notions of openness to the foreign, hospitality, generosity, and wish for acceptance into wider global spaces. Such qualities are only presented as part of the `positive side' of the Romanians' inscribed identity. They are only highlighted in terms of language-
Jens Qvortrup and Marjatta Bardy and Giovanni Sgritta and Helmut Wintersberger (Aldershot: Aveburry, 1994), pp. 125-143; Morrow Virginia, 'We are people too': Children's and young people's perspectives on children's rights and decision-making in England`, The International Journal of Children 's Rights,Vol 7 (1999): 149-170 (pp.149-151); Children`s Childhoods Observed and Experienced, ed. By Berry Mayhall (London: The Falmer Press, 1994), p.36; Hemrica Jantine and Heyting Frieda, `Tacit Notions of Childhood: An Analysis of Discourse about Child Participation in Decision-Making Regarding Arrangements in the Case of Parental Divorce`, Childhood, Vol 11.4 (2004) 449-468 (p. 459); Such Elisabeth and Walker Oliver and Walker Robert, `Young Citizens or Policy Objects? Children in the “Rights and Responsibilities” Debate` Journal of Social Policy, Vol 34 (2005 b) 39-57 (p.44); Morrow, pp. 149-151; Young Children`s Citizenship, ed
to be looked after in divine sources. Law grew naturally from the people, its customs, its history. Law was a product of the natural spirit, the Volksgeist. The challenging task of the legal profession was to give a form to the concept of law that had thus originated.//The form of the law was a kind of an enlightened doctrinal opinion. It is not a long jump from this conception to the view that the form of the law is expressed by legal concepts and that it is those notions that in a way carry the law from one phase of the development of society to the other. By their means one can in an exact way, as well as exhaustively, present the entire spectrum of cases covered by legal rules.// One finds here a similarity to those German thoughts of 18th century, introduced by Carl Friedrich von Savigny, which emphasized law being a manifestation of common legal ideology.] Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
small from one side to the other; limited adv. narrowly Syn. thin n. narrowness The canal was extremely narrow. The driver narrowly escaped injury when his car went off the road. preconception n. an opinion formed in advance without adj. preconceived experience or knowledge of something v. preconceive Syn. bias It is difficult to overcome preconceptions if we are not open to new ideas. His preconceived notions about Los Angeles disappeared after he visited the city. robust adj. showing good health; in good shape adv. robustly Syn. energetic n. robustness The robust economy is expected to continue growing quickly. The new product is selling robustly. steady adj. firm; in a fixed position; without change; adv. steadily reliable, dependable v. steady n. steadiness Syn
But come now, have I not a just complaint? And truly, are you not a wicked creature To take delight in saying what would pain me? MARIANE And are you not yourself the most ungrateful . . . ? DORINE Leave this discussion till another time; Now, think how you'll stave off this plaguy marriage. MARIANE Then tell us how to go about it. DORINE Well, We'll try all sorts of ways. (To Mariane) Your father's daft; (To Valere) This plan is nonsense. (To Mariane) You had better humour His notions by a semblance of consent, So that in case of danger, you can still Find means to block the marriage by delay. If you gain time, the rest is easy, trust me. One day you'll fool them with a sudden illness, Causing delay; another day, ill omens: You've met a funeral, or broke a mirror, Or dreamed of muddy water. Best of all, They cannot marry you to anyone Without your saying yes. But now, methinks, They mustn't find you chattering together. (To Valere)
Difference between high water mark and low one are internal waters. The beach in side view: from the beach is the baseline. The first territory is territorial sea or territorial waters. According to the UNCLOS (1982) convention (not ratified by all countries, but important, contains all stuff) territorial sea can be max 12 nm. Original idea of territorial sea possible to cover by the artillery from land, so artillery became more powerful, but now such notions are useless. However, some countries want even more. Legal status: under sovereignty of the state. Compared to internal waters, there is one exception to sovereignty innocent passage. This could be exercised in 2 cases: 1) ship needs to shorten the way, siis võib lõigata; 2) to go internal waters, to the ports there, and going out from there. Exception from sovereignty of the state because the state cannot
true or false at all. What bears the properties truth and falsity are rather the statements made when speakers succeed in saying something, and not every act of uttering does succeed in that way, for not every meaningful sentence is always used to make a statement. Definite descriptions 21 Russellians have a standard reply to objection 1, but it depends on some notions that I shall not develop until chapter 13, so I shall postpone it until then. Objection 2 Strawson further criticizes the claim, which he attributes to Russell, that "part of what [a speaker] would be asserting [in uttering (6)] would be that there at present existed one and only one king of France" (1950: 330). That claim too is implausible, for although the speaker presupposes that there is one and only one king, that is certainly not part of what the speaker asserts.
Old M a n . Nevertheless, almost every story calls on the energy of this archetype at some point. INNER M E N T O R S In some Westerns or film noir stories the hero is an experienced, hardened character who has no need for a M e n t o r or g u i d e . H e has i n t e r n a l i z e d the archetype a n d it now lives within h i m as an inner code o f behavior. T h e M e n t o r m a y be the unspoken code of the gunfighter, or the secret notions of honor harbored by S a m Spade or Philip Marlowe. A code of ethics may be a disembodied manifestation of the Mentor archetype guiding the hero's actions. It's not uncommon for a hero to make reference to a M e n t o r who meant something to him earlier in life, even i f there's no actual M e n t o r character in the story. A hero may remember, " M y m o t h e r / father/ grandfather/drill sergeant used to say...," and then call to m i n d the bit of
choose one of the daughters, if he found them as handsome and amiable as they were represented by common report. This was his plan of amends--of atonement--for inheriting their father's estate; and he thought it an excellent one, full of eligibility and suitableness, and excessively generous and disinterested on his own part. His plan did not vary on seeing them. Miss Bennet's lovely face confirmed his views, and established all his strictest notions of what was due to seniority; and for the first evening she was his settled choice. The next morning, however, made an alteration; for in a quarter of an hour's tete-a-tete with Mrs. Bennet before breakfast, a conversation beginning with his parsonage-house, and leading naturally to the avowal of his hopes, that a mistress might be found for it at Longbourn, produced from her, amid very complaisant smiles and general encouragement, a caution against the very Jane he had fixed on
remove the underlying fear and sense of lack that is an intrinsic part of the egoic sense of self. What is commonly called “falling in love” is in most cases and intensification of egoic wanting and needing. You become addicted to another person, or rather to your image of that person. It has nothing to do with true love, which contains no wanting whatsoever. The Spanish language is the most honest in regard to conventional notions of love: Te quiero means “I want you” as well as “I love you.” The other expression for “I love you,” te amo, which does not have this ambiguity, is rarely used – perhaps because true love is just as rare. LETTING GO OF SELF-DEFINITIONS As tribal cultures developed into the ancient civilizations, certain functions began to be allotted to certain people: ruler, priest or priestess, warrior, farmer, merchant, craftsman, laborer, and so on. A class system developed
creative thought. Here we stand face to face with the problem of the highest ideal. The spiritual ideal – Absolute – and striving towards it has been nourishing classical music for many centuries, starting its development in the Orient, lifting it higher for the changing demands of different epochs. Spirituality in its gnosiological aspect means the cognition of the inseparability of a creative artist and the Creator, with the resulting notions about the highest aims of life and art. The spiritualization of a human being is the highest aim of art. The ability for spiritual cognition, as demonstrated by history, does not depend on the church. The spiritual clairvoyance and spiritual clear ability to perceive were vested to the human being long before. So it is not any established religion but our way towards the Highest that widen and deepen our vision: minimize the ego, optimize desires, promote an expanded level of consciousness
changed in this forest for thousands of years, and all the myths and legends of a hundred different lands seemed much more likely in this green haze than they had in my clear-cut bedroom. I forced myself to focus on the two most vital questions I had to answer, but I did so unwillingly. First, I had to decide if it was possible that what Jacob had said about the Cullens could be true. Immediately my mind responded with a resounding negative. It was silly and morbid to entertain such ridiculous notions. But what, then? I asked myself. There was no rational explanation for how I was alive at this moment. I listed again in my head the things I'd observed myself: the impossible speed and strength, the eye color shifting from black to gold and back again, the inhuman beauty, the pale, frigid skin. And more -- small things that registered slowly -- how they never seemed to eat, the disturbing grace with which they moved. And the way be
Thomas Hobbes assures us would render life "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Consequently, we are trained from birth to believe that obedience to proper authority is right and disobedience is wrong. This message fills the parental lessons, the schoolhouse rhymes, stories, and songs of our childhood and is carried forward in the legal, military, and political systems we encounter as adults. Notions of sub- mission and loyalty to legitimate rule are accorded much value in each. Religious instruction contributes as well. The very first book of the Bible, for example, describes how failure to obey the ultimate authority resulted in the loss of paradise for Adam, Eve, and the rest of the human race. Should that particular metaphor prove too subtle, just a bit further into the Old Testament, we can read-
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