Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Mictrocontroller Week 03". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
bits, address, memory, pins, chip, clock, 1111, convert, following, eeprom, binary, cycle, 1011, 0101, string, assume, four, module, select, signal, numbers, result, logic, variable, store, strings, processor, code, gates, circuit, scheme, base, choose, suitable, loop, below, chips, lines, frequency, delay, command, sent, internet, signals, serial, 0111Mictrocontroller Week 03 Numbering systems 1. Convert the decimal number 123.456 to the following formats, taking whole numbers and fractions into account. Show calculations. a) Binary Fractional part : Reading direction Integral part: Reading direction 0,456 x 2 = 0,912 0 123 / 2 = 61 1 0,912 x 2 = 1,812 1 61 / 2 = 30 1 0,812 x2 = 1,624 1 30 / 2 = 15 0 0,624 x 2 = 1,248 1 15 / 2 = 7 1
Cat. No. W317-E1-11 SYSMAC CPM1A Programmable Controllers OPERATION MANUAL CPM1A Programmable Controllers Operation Manual Revised October 2007 iv Notice: OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator and only for the purposes described in this manual. The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual. Always heed the information provided with them. Failure to heed precautions can result in injury to people or dam- age to property. ! DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Additionally, there may be severe property damage.
Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43 Design Checklist 45 v 3 Sensors 47 Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82 Motion/Acceleration Sensors 86 Strain Gauge 90 4 Time-Based Measurements 93 Measuring Period versus Frequency 95 Mixing 97
This is known as a data will not acknowledge after the error checking. EOT (End of Transmission) framing/error detection: · Type of CRC (2B or 4B) transparency problem an can be rectified with byte stuffing (for byte-oriented protocols) and bit ·Indicates that a station has no data to transmit. Has 2 address fields (source & destination) for multiaccess · Disable or select authentication stage (PAP, CHAP, EAP) stuffing (for bit-oriented protocols). >Bit oriented synchronous transmission: preferred scheme · transparent to either Lacks framing delimiters and CRC · Line quality monitoring during normal operation (the
Response 1. 11131 0% Student Value Correct Answer Feedback Response 2. 11264 100% 3. 12522 0% 4. 1023 100% 5. 10037 0% Score: 0/10 2. Kuidas nimetatakse mälupesa, mis hoiab infot mälupesa kohta, kus asub programmi jaoks oluline informatsioon? Student Value Correct Answer Feedback Response 1. Direct 0% address 2. Count 0% 3. Flag 0% 4. Pointer 100% 5. Loop 0% Score: 0/10 3. Kui palju mälu on Ecki xComputer´l? Student Value Correct Answer Feedback Response 1. 512 B 0% 2. 1KB 0% 3. 2KB 100% 4. 4KB 0% Score: 0/10 4. Kas register ja mälupesa on samad asjad? Student Value Correct Answer Feedback Response 1
+= (9+D=16; A+4+1= F; 3+2=5) 6. Y=X shl 3 7. (A and B) or ((not A) and (not B)) 8. Y = true for i from 1 to 20 for j from 1 to 8, excluding 3 bitindex = j + (i-1)*8 if S1[bitindex] S2[bitindex] Y = false Exit loop end end end 9. A) V and C (the operation produced an overflow and the operation produced a carry) b) N (The result of the operation is negative) 10. 10 17 memory chip 11. a) Suitable clock frequency 0 400 kHz b) The loop lasts 1 µs (1/16*4*4). The delay should be for half (5 µs) the clock period. 12. Connect the following pins: MAX232:T1IN PIC:Tx MAX232:R1OUT PIC:Rx MAX232:R1IN RS232:TxD MAX232:T1OUT RS232:RxD
motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X (66MHz), 2X (133MHz), or 4X (266MHz). PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - a high speed interface for video cards, sound cards, network interface cards, and modems; runs at 33MHz. ISA - Industry Standard Architecture - a relatively low speed interface primarily used for sound cards and modems; runs at approx. 8MHz. RAM - Random Access Memory - see System RAM Port (serial, parallel, PS/2, USB, sound, LAN, VGA, SCSI) - interface connectors for the associated types of devices Serial - a low speed interface typically used for mice and external modems Parallel - a low speed interface typically used for printers PS/2 - a low speed interface used for mice and keyboards USB - Universal Serial Bus - a medium speed interface typically used for mice, keyboards,
83V? 15 bit = 32768 10V/ 32768 = 0,0003 V 6,83V / 0,0003 = 22767 22767 = 01011000 111011112 Question 4 What is the value of the quantization error between an input voltage of 2.3V and quantized voltage with the output code word equal to 011101012 using an 8 bit ADC with 5V reference? 011101012 = 117 Correspond to 5V * 117/256 = 2.2852V Error = 2,3V – 2.2852 = 0,0148V Question 5 A digital multimeter is designed to have a readout with four decimal digits. How many bits will be required in its ADC? MAX = 9999 213 = 8192 214 = 16384 (too many digits) 13 Bit will be required in ts ADC. Question 6 Draw a circuit diagram of a 2 bit flash ADC using only resistors, comparators and NAND gates. Question 7 Given the following dual-slope ADC: a) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-up phase? 𝑅𝐶 𝑡𝑢𝑝 = − ∙ 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −400𝜇𝑠 𝑉𝑖𝑛
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS
Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, 2ms a) 20 MHz? =40000 counts 50 ns 2ms b) 18 MHz? =36 000 counts 55,55 ns What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Between 20MHz and 18MHz are 4000 counts. Question 2
Homework-04 Solution (100 marks) Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, a) 20 MHz? b) 18 MHz? What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Solution: 1 1 a) Converse 20 MHz to time length: T 0.00005ms f 20,000,000
-- Autor: Merike Hein --> Kahendarvu teisendused teistesse koodidesse Binaarkood Positiivsete arvude märgibitt on 0, negatiivsetel 1. Kümnendkood, kui Kümnendkood, kui H Binaarkood binaararv on H Binaarkood binaararv on otsekoodis täiendkoodis otsekoodis täiendkoodis F 1111 15 -1 7 0111 7 +7 E 1110 14 -2 6 0110 6 +6 D 1101 13 -3 5 0101 5 +5 C 1100 12 -4 4 0100 4 +4 B 1011 11 -5 3 0011 3 +3
Week 4 homework. Question 1: 1. SNR – Ratio of root mean square signal to root mean square. 2. SINAD – Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean of value of the root sum square. 3. ENOB – The effective number of bits and relates to SINAD. 4. THD – Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR – Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6. Channels – multiple analog signal inputs to the ADC that can be individually selected or selected through a multiplexor. 7. Linearity – Describes how an ADC conveter follows a linear function. 8
two states or conditions. These binary circuits have only two states, ON or OFF. Standardized means of storing these codes: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) UNICODE (Extended ASCII) Each pixel contains a value representing some shade of gray. The more shades of gray possible, the more memory will be needed. Instructions: Must be stored within the computer before use. Must be stored in binary form. A set of binary instructions is called a program. Program: A collection of instructions for the computer to perform one by one. Machine Language: The language of the computing machine. All instructions must be in the form of binary numbers (binary code).
the sender to the addressee between one or several participants. SIP describes only rules of connection between devices, therefore together with SIP the information transfer protocol is used. SIP uses for data transmission protocols RTP (Real-Time Protocol) and SDP (Session Description Protocol). So, let's make a simple configuration between two PBXs. Figure 5.The scheme of SIP connection Stations' data: PBX 1 address: http://192.168.252.41 PBX 2 address: http://192.168.252.42 User: admin User: admin Pass: trikstriks Pass: trikstriks Phone Numbers: 100-199 Phone Numbers: 200-299 To configure a SIP connection between PBX 1and PBX 2, first of all we need to go to their addresses (http://192.168.252.41 http://192.168.252.42). We write given User name and Password. Firstly, let configure SIP Trunks
1. Üldine kommunikatsioonimudel Sõnumi allikas->saatja(allikast info)->edastussüsteem->vastuvõtja->sihtjaam [üheks näiteks võiks olla: Arvuti->modem->ÜKTV->modem->arvuti] sisendinfoAllikas(sisendandmed g(t))->edastaja e. transmitter(edasi saadetud signaal s(t))->edastussüsteem(saadud signaal r(t))->vastuvõtja(väljund andmed g'(t))- >lõppunkti saaväljund informatsioon m' 2. Kommunikatsioonisüsteemi ülesanne • mõistlik kasutamine/koormamine • liidestus(kokku ühendamine. Ntx: võrk+võrk, arvuti+võrk) • Signaalide genereerimine(edastamine)(signaalide ühest süsteemist teise üleviimine) • Sünkroniseerimine [andmeedastuse algust(saatja) ja lõppu(vastuvõtjat)] • Andmeside haldamine • Vigade avastamine ja parandamine(näiteks side mürarikkas keskkonnas) • Voojuhtimine (vastuvõtja saab pakette vastu võtta kindla kiirusega->on vaja kont
1969 AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer Thompson re-wrote Space Travel game in assembly language for Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-7 with help from Dennis Ritchie. This experience, combined with his work on the Multics project, led Thompson to start a new operating system for the PDP-7. Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated is founded. Intel's Marcian (Ted) Hoff designs an integrated circuit chip that could receive instructions, and perform simple functions on data. The design becomes the 4004 microprocessor. Intel announces a 1 KB RAM chip, which has a significantly larger capacity than any previously produced memory chip. Bill Gates and Paul Allen, calling themselves the "Lakeside Programming Group" sign an agreement with Computer Center Corporation to report bugs in PDP-10 software, in exchange for computer time.
Individual game sales are also increasing: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City from Take Two Interactive sold 1 Games Programming with Java and Java 3D an estimated 3 million copies in its first month of release. This game is likely to become the best selling title of 2002, and of all time. 1.2. Console Hardware Since consoles are so central to gaming, it is interesting to consider their capabilities. The PlayStation 2 processor runs with a clock speed of 294 MHz, has 32Mb of RAM, and a separate graphics chip that can render about 66 million polygons per second. The small amount of RAM is an important constraint upon games wishing to use Java. The introduction of the Xbox changed the game rules (so to speak), with its Pentium III, 64Mb RAM, a 8Gb hard disk, and the ability to render 150-200 million polygons per second. Sony and Microsoft have recently released network adapters for their consoles,
where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components. SINAD is usually expressed in dB. For examples to calculate the ratio of 1 kW (one kilowatt, or 1000 watts) to 1 W in decibels, use the formula 3. ENOB is the effective number-of-bits related to SINAD and the quality of a digitized signal. The 6.02 term in the divisor converts decibels (a log10) to bits (a log2) The 1.76 term comes from quantization error in an ideal ADC 4. THD - Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the root-sum-square of its harmonics (generally, only the first 5 harmonics are significant). 5. SFDR- Spurious free dynamic range is the ratio of the rms value of the signal to the rms value of the worst spurious signal (fake signal)
voltages and currents of a circuit in which the diode is used, the oputput characteristic of the diode can be idealized as shown in the figure. This corner can be used for analyzing the circuit topology, but should not be used for actual circuit design. At turn on, the diode can be considered as an ideal switchbecause it turns on rapidly as compared to transients in the circuit. 6) One of its main applications is in rectifiers, circuits that convert the Alternating voltage or alternating current into direct voltage or direct current. It is also applied in detectors, which find the signals in the noisy operation conditions. The third application is in switching circuits because an ideal rectifier acts like a perfect conductor when forward biased and lik a perfect insulator when reverse biased. 7) A power diode is more complicated in structure and operational characteristics than the small signal diode
per inch). Seotud sellesosas, et pikslid võivad olla eri suurustega. (suurem ekraan ei tähenda, et on rohkem piksleid, vaid seal võivad olla suuremad pikslid, mis viivad PPI indeksi alla(teravus häguneb)). 40. Mida tähendab kui helisignaal on salvestatud 24 bitisügavuse ja 48 kHz? Mida need parameetrid tähendavad? In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample. Examples of bit depth include Compact Disc Digital Audio, which uses 16 bits per sample, and DVD-Audio and Blu-ray Disc which can support up to 24 bits per sample. 48kHz viitab Sampling-ule (signal processing) - it is the reduction of a continuous- time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a
the letter would look impolite. · There are certain characteristics which allow us to distinguish between formal and informal letters. These are: ~ The salutation (e.g. Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Bill) ~ The style or language (e.g. use of formal language for formal letters, or the use of slang and idioms for informal letters) ~ The closing remarks (e.g. Yours faithfully, Lucy Cohen ; Yours sincerely, Lucy Cohen / Love, Lucy) Note: 1. In formal letters your address and the date as well as the recipient's address are included in the letter. When you do not know the name of the recipient, you should include their title in the address. e.g. The Director of Studies, St Michael's School, 15, Pine St., London. You should begin the letter with Dear Sir/Madam, and end with Yours faithfully, Peter Jones. When the name of the recipient is known, their name and title should be included in their address, e.g. Mr Witkins, Accounts Manager, Rockdell
State-space-reduction methods exploit certain characteristics of the system under analysis. Furthermore, the methods often limit the verification-question answers. Also use two or more reduction methods. On-the-fly verification means that the verification question stated before state-space exploration. Sweep-Line Method exploit a certain kind of progress exhibited by many systems and makes possible to store small fragment of state space in memory. This means that the peak memory usage is significantly reduced. Symmetry Method represents symmetric markings and symmetric binding elements using equivalence classes. State spaces can be condensed by factoring out this symmetry, and the symmetry- condensed state space is typically orders of magnitude smaller than the full state space. The equivalence method is a generalisation of the symmetry method, where the constraint that
[10] 7. (i) plasmid cut by restriction enzyme; at specific sequence; same enzyme as used to cut (insulin) gene; sticky ends / described; ref. complementary sticky ends; ligase seals (sugar-phosphate) backbone / AW; max 4 (ii) credit any two from the following: 1 antibiotic resistance (gene) introduced and survivors have plasmid; 2 fluorescent marker (gene) introduced and glowing bacteria have plasmid; 3 identify bacteria producing insulin using antibodies; 2 [6] 8. referring to pig insulin: ethical / religious, reasons;
a design computed a diagnostic imaging test used to create kompuuter- tomography detailed images of internal organs, tomograafia bones, soft tissue and blood vessels DAC digital-to-analog converter, a system digitaal- that converts a digital signal into an analoogmuund analog signal ur data encoding information using fewer bits andmetihendu compression than the original representation s DSP digital signal processing, various digitaalne techniques for improving the accuracy signaalitöötlus and reliability of digital communications echo control methods in telephony to improve voice kajakontroll quality by preventing echo from being created or removing it after it is already
The Model •The model defines an abstract view to the problem. This implies that the model focuses only on problem related stuff and that you try to define properties of the problem. These properties include: 1 •the data which are affected and 2 •the operations which are identified by the problem. Object-oriented Paradigm •Everything is an object •A program is a bunch of objects telling each other what to do by sending messages •Each object has its own memory made up of other objects •Every object has a type •All objects of a particular type can receive the same messages Domain Model •A domain model does not represent the entire domain as it is in the real world. It includes only the concepts that are needed to support the application. Object •Is a partitioned area of memory where object code is stored •The area of memory is protected •This code can function relatively independently of other objects
that creates a single plan for the framework and seeks to achieve flow of products and information linkage and coordination between through a business process of other entities in the pipeline i.e. suppliers and costumers, and the organization it self. COMPONENTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The following are the five basic components of Supply Chain Management: 1. Plan:- This is the strategic portion of SCM. You need a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for your product or service. A big piece of planning is developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers. 2. Source:-
interface element. Multiple views can exist for a single model for different purposes. Controller Processes and responds to events (typically user actions) and may indirectly invoke changes on the model. In computer programming, the proxy pattern is a software design pattern. A proxy, in its most general form, is a class functioning as an interface to something else. The proxy could interface to anything: a network connection, a large object in memory, a file, or some other resource that is expensive or impossible to duplicate. A well-known example of the proxy pattern is a reference counting pointer object. In situations where multiple copies of a complex object must exist the proxy pattern can be adapted to incorporate the flyweight pattern in order to reduce the application's memory footprint. Typically one instance of the complex object is created, and multiple proxy objects are created, all
microchips tiny pieces of silicon containing complex electronic circuits design to make or draw plans for something financial relating to money or how money is managed electronic involving the use of electric current in devices such as TV sets or computers Internet the large system of connected computers around the world print to produce text and pictures using a printer unformatted a disk that is completely blank, so information can't be recorded onto it Extranet a network that allows communication between a company and the people it deals with transmission the process of sending data over a communication channel reboot to restart the computer, without switching it off completely microbrowser a web browser designed for small screens on handheld devices software engineer a person who designs and maint
1·4 Maintenance schedule Every 12 000 miles (20 000 km) or 12 months - whichever comes first Every 250 miles (400 km) or weekly In addition to all the items in the 6000 mile (10 000 km) service, carry out the following: See "Weekly checks" On OHV and HCS engines check and if necessary adjust the valve clearances (Section 21) Check the exhaust system condition and security (Section 22)
Read Chapter_6_Analog_Outputs.pdf and Chapter_8_EMI_ElectroMagnetic_Interference.pdf Question 1 Given the below open sensor detection: a. Derive equations for both outputs VO and Vsense as a function of VR, R1, Rth, RH, RL and RF. b. What value will appear on each output if the thermistor fails (becomes an open circuit)? c. How can the above schem be modified to implement temperature reading with open sensor detection using only one ADC and one digital input pin of the microcontroller? Solution: a. Derive equations for both outputs as a function of VR, R1, Rth, RH, RL and RF. Rth Writing the equation for V1 : V1 VSense VR th R R1 V0 V2 VR V2 V2 Writing the equation for V2 : RF RH
Backdoor - Trojan remote administration utility Utility hidden controls allow you to do with the computer all that they laid the author: to take or send files, start and destroy them, display messages, erase, reboot the computer, etc. Trojan-PSW - stealing passwords When you start looking for PSW-Trojan sictemnye files stored on a range of confidential information (usually phone numbers and passwords to access the Internet) and send it to the specified code in the "Trojan" e-mail address or addresses. Trojan-Clicker - Internet clickers. This family of Trojans, whose main function - the organization of unauthorized access to Internet resources. Trojan-Downloader - Ships other malware Trojan horses of this class are designed to download and install on the victim machine new versions of malicious programs, install Trojans or advertising systems. Trojan-Dropper - installers other malware
xii. Primaadid Vastus: gi|83674984|gb|ABC40672.1| rcTPI1 [Gorilla gorilla] 192 4e-48 f. Võrrelda erinevatele valkudele leitud liikide identsustasemeid (%). Milline grupp on selle põhjal kõige lähedasem ja milline kõige kaugem sugulane leitud järjestusele. VASTUS: Kõige lähedasem on: Bacteria triosephosphate isomerase [Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933] Score = 520 bits (1338), Expect = 1e-145 Identities = 255/255 (100%) Kõige kaugem on: Protozoa, keda üldse ei leitudki. Viirused hypothetical protein [Ostreococcus virus OsV5] Score = 32.7 bits (73), Expect = 5.8, Identities = 16/46 (34%) 2. BLAST programmi kasutamine valgumotiivide otsimisel. a. Valida sobiv programm sarnasuste leidmiseks motiivile VEHINKTIAPALVSK ning valida otsimiseks andmebaas, mis sisaldab kõik
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