Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. I lived in Brazil for two years. I studied French when I was a child. Active =
The sun does not circle the Earth. Past Simple: (midagi on tehtud. Tegusõna tuleb panna minevikku ehk II põhivormi. Seda aega tuleb kasutada siis, kui lause väljendab tegevust, mis minevikus tehti ja ka ära lõpetati!) EXAMPLES: I saw a movie yesterday. (Ma nägin eile filmi. Nägin filmi lõpuni.) I didn't see a movie yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. (Sõitsin Jaapanini välja, mitte ei jäänud reisi peal kuhugi toppama) Last year, I didn't travel to Japan. She washed her car. (Ta pesi auto ära! Mitte ei pesnud natuke ja jooksis siis tuppa multikaid vaatama, vaid lõpetas töö ära ja siis tegi muid asju edasi) She didn't wash her car. Present Perfect: (midagi on tehtud. Eesti keeles tunneme seda täismineviku nime all. Näiteks: Ma just võtsin mõned õunad. Ta on juba välja läinud.) => Have+III põhivorm (he, she, it has!) EXAMPLES: I have seen that movie twenty times. (Ma olen seda filmi näinud 20 korda)
• when we talk about a specific thing. • when it is clear which thing or person we mean. A – AN - THE • when there is only one of something. Examples: What is the highest building in the world? Washington is the capital of the United States. The moon is bright tonight.
I am flying to Toronto next Friday. Negative form: We aren't (are not) working at the moment. I am not enjoying this show very much. Question form: Are they playing football in the park right now?Why is she laughing? Signal words: at the moment, now, right now, Listen!, Look! etc. PRESENT PERFECT (täisminevik) Form: have/has + past participle (3. põhivorm) Use: 1. An action in the past, where the fact, not the time, is important. I have been to England four times. 2. An action in the past that has a result now. She has lost her keys. 3. Something that began in the past and still continues now. He has been in hospital since Monday. Negative form: We haven't (have not) done our homework yet. He hasn't (has not) visited his granny since August. Question form: Have we met before? How much of that book has she read? Signal words: already, ever, just, yet, so far, till now, up to now, never, since, etc.
Verbs! Verb forms Review of tenses Chapter 12, Pg 215 1 Timeline Draw a timeline of your life. List 810 events on the time line. Make sure you list your future graduation date! Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native
'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted
tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words always, every ..., action in the present Simple Present A: He speaks. never, normally, N: He does not speak. taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I
1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a new job A work B have worked C is working D worked 5) My father........already worked for two years before he went to University. A was B had C has D is 3. Change the order of the words to make a correct sentence. ( 5 points ) 1) I wonder / can / you / me / help / if 2) a / my / to / written / I / mother / already / letter / long / have
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
expressions, I'd say that they are 5 haven't finished enjoying their lesson. They look 3 She was unlucky because she was 6 have/'ve known interested and it looks as though shipwrecked three times. 7 walked they are working hard. Most of She was lucky because she survived 8 have you phoned them are looking at the experiment each of the three disasters.
John has arrived. I have finished writing a letter. Oh God! I have cut my finger. · Tegevust, mis algas enne kõnemomenti, kestab selleni või jätkub edasi. Tegevus võib olla määratletud sõnadega since, for. They have lived here for two years. · Tegevust, mis lõpeb enne mingit tegevust või muutust tulevikus, näiteks ajamääruslausetes, kus kasutatakse sidesõnu when, until, till, before jt. Katie will go for a walk when she has finished her homework. Pane tähele! Täisminevikku saab kasutada koos just, already, yet. Hello! Have you just called me? When is Tom leaving? He has already gone. I have not eaten yet. Present Perfect Continuous Kestva täismineviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm
englisch-hilfen.de LEARNING ENGLISH ONLINE Examples Examples Examples Tense Signal words Use Form affirmative negative interrogative every day something happens repeatedly sometimes how often something happens always I work
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them to form new sentences constitute the grammar of a language" Prescriptive grammar vs. Descriptive garmmar: Descriptive grammar: the systematic study and description of a language. Descriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers. Prescriptive grammar: a set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language, usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as certain people think itshould be used. Phonology: the subfield of linguistics that studies the structure and systematic patterning of sounds in human language. Phonetics: of the acoustic detail of speech sounds and how they are articulated. Phone: [p] A phone is actual pronunciation of a phoneme
Studium Units 1-4 e-formaat Toimetatud Tartu Emajõe Koolis Toimetaja I. Tars Tartus, 2016 Elektroonilisse vormingusse kohandatud õpikus kasutatud märgised, mis aitavad otsingukäsu kasutamisel navigeerida * Tavakirjas leheküljenumbri ees on kolm järjestikust sidekriipsu, tühik ja vastava lehekülje number, näiteks, --- 5; * peatüki ette on kirjutatud kolm x-i, tühik ja vastava peatüki number, näiteks xxx 5; * visuaalne info on pandud kahekordsete ümarsulgude vahele. I Love English 6 töövihik sobib inglise keele õpetamiseks 8. klassis Töövihik vastab riiklikule õppekavale Retsenseerinud Piret Kärtner, Viive Latt, Ingrit Tera Toimetanud Viiu Menning, Nicola Fyfe, Tiina Helekivi Kujundanud ja küljendanud Eve Kurm Tehniliselt toimetanud Andero Kurm Illustreerinud Ülle Meister Esikaas: Boswell and Dr. Johnson (foto Scanpix). Vaata Unit 20. Autoriõigus: Mare Jõul, Ülle Kurm, 2009 Kirjastus Studium, 2009 Kõik õigused on kaitstud
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening etc, at night/the weekend, on Fridays etc. Present Continuous · Actions taking place at or arount the moment of speaking (The kids are watching TV..) · Fixed arrangements in the near future (I'm going to the dentist tomorrow) · Currently changing ang developing situations (The number of burgularies is increasing)
· Shall/will · Should/would · Can · Could · May · Might · Must · Have/has to · Ought to · Had to CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE · DIRECT · INDIRECT · NOW · THEN · TOMORROW · THE FOLLOWING DAY · NEXT WEEK · THE FOLLOWING WEEK · TONIGHT · THAT NIGHT · TODAY · THAT DAY · YESTERDAY · THE DAY BEFORE · LAST NIGHT · THE NIGHT BEFORE · LAST WEEK · THE WEEK BEFORE · HERE · THERE · THIS · THAT · THESE · THOSE CHANGES OF TENSES · DIRECT · INDIRECT · SIMPLE PRESENT · SIMPLE PAST · SIMPLE PAST · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT · PAST CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT CONT. CONT.
Hmm. That's a very interesting question 11 didn't / didn't use to 4 subterfuge 8 surge ... Well, physically, I take after my mum, 12 say 13 don't / won't Challenge! Students' own answers I suppose. Our facial features are pretty similar same eyes, same-shaped 14 borrowed forehead. I've seen photos of her when 1E Phrasal verbs page 8 5 (possible answers) she was my age and apart from the 1 1 go ahead 5 come to eighties hairstyle we're the spitting 1 Well, you will go to bed late every night
It was in this town that I'd been compelled to spend a month every summer until I was fourteen. That was the year I finally put my foot down; these past three summers, my dad, Charlie, vacationed with me in California for two weeks instead. It was to Forks that I now exiled myself-- an action that I took with great horror. I detested Forks. I loved Phoenix. I loved the sun and the blistering heat. I loved the vigorous, sprawling city. "Bella," my mom said to me -- the last of a thousand times -- before I got on the plane. "You don't have to do this." My mom looks like me, except with short hair and laugh lines. I felt a spasm of panic as I stared at her wide, childlike eyes. How could I leave my loving, erratic, harebrained mother to fend for herself? Of course she had Phil now, so the bills would probably get paid, there would be food in the refrigerator, gas in her car, and someone to call when she got lost, but still... "I want to go," I lied
Simple Present Present Progressive/Continious (99%) infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking they speak they are speaking
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3
Reported Speech (in other words Indirect Speech) If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. .........
Will he have worked for twenty years by Will he really have been wo then? hours? He will not have worked for twenty He will not have been worki years. TEGUSÕNA AKTIIVI AJAD (be + verb 3) Lihtolevik Kestev olevik Perfekti olevik [ minu käest küsitakse (alati [ (just praegu) küsitakse minu [ (täna) töötanud (juba arvamust) arvamust) ] käest (arvamust) ] küsitud ] O L E I am I am being I, you, we, they have been asked
......................................117 Chaos and Higher Order.............................................................................118 Good and Bad.............................................................................................119 Not Minding What Happens.......................................................................120 Is That So?..................................................................................................121 The Ego and the Present Moment .............................................................122 The Paradox of Time...................................................................................124 Eliminating Time.........................................................................................125 The Dreamer and the Dream.......................................................................127 Going Beyond Limitation...........................................................................128
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