Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is a set
of metods, directed on artificial creating of new combinations of genes that are not meeting in the nature . Nowadays genetic
engineering is using much more difficult methods and hundreds
business concerns around the world are engaged in receiving and testing of genetically modified plants. However , there are different meanings concerning this theme .
It is known, that the
population of our globe is growing steadily and because of it has appeared a problem of shortage of the food. And genetic engineering
is able to solve this problems, because there are used some
technologies which modify organisms genes and give them new
properties, such as resistаnce to some diseases , cold weather or
wreckers. Also was found out that it is possible to treat oncological
diseases or hereditary diseases of a brain and nervous system by
using genetic engineering and research inflammatory and immunological
diseases. In the economic plan genetic engineering is very favorable. First of all, terms of creating of a new sort are reduced to a
minimum, and it means that time and money , which are usually left for selection works , are saved. Secondly, genetically modified products are steady against insects and do not need toxic chemicals and
productivity of genetically modified organisms is much higher, than of the usual organisms.
On the other hand, geneticists
recognize that intervention in a genome of live organisms can not completely be safe. In organisms are happening mutagen changes which
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pollutants which are a major threat to human health. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION. 9. Urban Sprawl: Urban sprawl refers to migration of population from high density urban areas to low density rural areas which results in spreading of city over more and more rural land. Urban sprawl results in land degradation, increased traffic, environmental issues and health issues. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO FIX URBAN SPRAWL. 10. Genetic Engineering: Genetic modification of food using biotechnology is called genetic engineering. Genetic modification of food results in increased toxins and diseases as genes from an allergic plant can transfer to target plant. Genetically modified crops can cause serious environmental problems as an engineered gene may prove toxic to wildlife. Another drawback is that increased use of toxins to make insect resistant plant can cause resultant organisms to become resistant to antibiotics.
4 lactose binds to repressor; 5 changes shape of protein molecule; 6 unable to bind (to operator); 7 RNA polymerase binds (at promoter) / transcription occurs / genes switched on; 8 AVP; e.g. production of lactose permease / production of beta- galactosidase; max 5 [5] 4. a change in the genetic material; unpredictable / AW; extra detail; e.g. addition / substitution / deletion / frame shift / small part of chromosome / may code for different protein / may code for no protein [2] 5. 1 mark max for general effect of mutations: mutation may give different, amino acid / primary structure; A ref stop codon
Many countries have air transport companies, such as Air France and Air India. Biotechnology-Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines biotechnology as:[1] Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. Biotechnology is often used to refer to genetic engineering technology of the 21st century, however the term encompasses a wider range and history of procedures for modifying biological organisms according to the needs of humanity, going back to the initial modifications of native plants into improved food crops through artificial selection and hybridization. Bioengineering is the science upon which all biotechnological applications are based. With the development of new
The rats spent 30 or 60 days in their environment and were then sacrificed. The results showed that the rats that lived in a stimulating environment had a thicker cortex. The frontal lobe, associated with thinking, planning and decision-making was heavier in these rats as well. Similar studies show that if the rats were put in together with other rats, the thickness increases even more. These findings can be generalized to humans only to some extent because of the difference in genetic make-up. However, if learning always results in the development of the brain then the animal studies that show plasticity in response to environmental factors are important for the human cortex as well. Environmental changes can disrupt our circadian rhythms, that is, our biological 24- hour clock. Jet lag is a sudden circadian disruption caused by flying across several time zones in one day. Flying east, you lose hours of the day; flying west extends your day
Water pollution Attention for water pollution exploded in the 1980s. The oil spill of the Exxon Valdez showed many around the world just how horrible the effects of water pollution could be. However, even the Exxon Valdez spill barely touched the surface of the problem of water pollution. The ship spilt only 5% of the oil spilt that year, and oil is just one of many pollutants that people dump into the water every year. Every year, 14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world's oceans. 19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water annually. The problem of ocean pollution affects every nation around the world. This is especially true because water is able to transport pollution from one location to another. For many years, chemicals were dumped into bodies of water without concern. While many countries have now banned such behavior, it continues to go on today. As the world has industrialized and its population has grown, the problem of water poll
Callahan Keizo Arihara Food Technology and Safety Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kitasato Bldg 201, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland University, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, 20705, USA. Japan. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Marta Castro-Giráldez M. Concepción Aristoy Institute of Food Engineering for Department of Food Science, Instituto de Development, Universidad Politécnica de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 (CSIC), PO Box 73, 46100 Burjassot Valencia, Spain. (Valencia), Spain. E-mail: [email protected] Pier Sandro Cocconcelli Istituto di Microbiologia, Centro Ricerche
Moreover, there are no students who have both breakfast and school lunch, eat more than four slices of brown bread per day, and avoid fat. In this essay, I will discuss whether prevention is better than trying to treat people who are ill and whether or not this is possible in all cases. I will divide the subject into illnesses caused by lifestyle, and illnesses caused by other factors such as genetic factors. First of all, a person's lifestyle can be a major factor in their wellbeing, both physical and mental. People who eat too much fast, fatty, or sugary foods without doing enough physical activity, may put on weight. This has serious effects and can lead to heart disease. Similarly, people who smoke and drink too much run the risk of getting cancers and heart disease. However, by
which are believed to have left the laboratory. To make this comprehensible to the non- genetics expert I have referred to "copies of genes" or "versions" of genes although the correct terminology is "alleles". There is also a brief guide to Shaw's terminology at the end as Shaw's writing pre-dated modern "standard" symbols and terminology. Don Shaw was an early feline geneticist in the USA. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was no standard form of genetic coding and Shaw used his own system of genetic coding which can be difficult to read today. He also referred to chocolate, which is a mutation of the black gene, as "chocolate dilution". What modern fanciers call dilution, Shaw called "maltesing" (Maltese i.e. blue cats were a genuine dilution of black). Shaw viewed dilution as being due to the reducing amount of melanin present in the hair and not by the way pigment forms clumps in the hair
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