loomist. · Peale rolli mängimise seente levikus, on SNARE ka seotud postinvasiivsete kaitsekihtide regulatsiooniga. · Odra Qa + Qb-SNARE kodeerimisgeeni HvSNAP34 (AtSNAP33-e ortoloog) inaktiveerimine , näitas suurenenud seente sisenemismäära täielikult resistentses mlo genotüübis. · On pakutud, et Qa-SNARE fosforülatsioon võib olla säilinud esialgne vastus erinevat tüüpi taime kaitses. · In the present study we identified 35 SNARE genes from wheat genome using homology searches. It is expected that wheat, havinglarge genome size (16.94 Gb), might contain many more SNARE genes. · We identified three SNARE homologue genes (SNARE3, SNARE5 and SNARE6) from the wheat cultivar HD2329 + Lr28 using homology searches. · The phylogenetic tree shows that SNARE3 and SNARE5 belong to Qc II group and SNARE6 belong to Qb II group. · With the help of Modeller software 3-D structures were predicted for all the three SNARE genes
Intragenomic Profiling Using Multicopy Genes: The rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis Liisi Karlep, To~nu Reintamm, Merike Kelve* Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Abstract Multicopy genes, like ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), are widely used to describe and distinguish individuals. Despite concerted evolution that homogenizes a large number of rDNA gene copies, the presence of different gene variants within a genome has been reported. Characterization of an organism by defining every single variant of tens to thousands of rDNA repeat units present in a eukaryotic genome would be quite unreasonable. Here we provide an alternative approach for the
Hüdrofoobsus ja fraktsioneeriv destillatsioon Viljandi 2014 Hüdrofoobsus Hüdrofoobsuseks nimetatakse mingi aine omadust, mille puhul ainel puudub vastasmõju vedelikuga ning seepärast aine ei märgu ega lahustu vedelikus. See tähendab, et aine ei saa moodustada vesiniksidemeid. Hüdrofoobsed ained on näiteks paljud metallid ja ka teatud orgaanilised ained (molekulid ei sisalda polaarseid aatomirühmi). EE 6. köide, 1995. Nad ei saa moodustada vesiniksidemeid, sest nende molekulid on mittepolaarsed (koosnevad C-st ja H-st, võivad sisaldada ka O-d, mis pole otseselt seotud H-ga). Nt süsivesinikud, halogeeniühendid, rasvad, eetrid (praktiliselt vesiniksidemeid vee molekulidega ei anna), suurema süsinike arvuga alkoholid, karboksüülhapped (neil pikk hüdrofoobne „saba”). Hüdrofoobsed ained lahustuvad hästi mittepolaarsetes lahustites (nt eeter, bensiin, benseen). Eelnevate aastate riig...
Genetic engineering Genetic engineering is a set of metods, directed on artificial creating of new combinations of genes that are not meeting in the nature. Nowadays genetic engineering is using much more difficult methods and hundreds business concerns around the world are engaged in receiving and testing of genetically modified plants. However, there are different meanings concerning this theme. It is known, that the population of our globe is growing steadily and because of it has appeared a problem of shortage of the food. And genetic engineering is able to solve
Klinefelteri sündroom Gert Tali Tunnused ● 2 X ja 1 Y kromosoom ● Loode sünnib normaalselt ● Põdejatel pikad jäsemed ja suur keskmine pikkus ● Rindade kasv esineb 5% haigetest ● Rasva kogunemine puusadel ja kehal Tunnused ● Meessuguelundid arenevad välja ● Karvakasv on normaalne ● Väiksed ning väljaarenemata munandid ● Suguvõime tihti normaalne ● Põdejatel azoospermia Tekkimine ● Meioosi 1. Profaasis rekombineerub DNA puudulikult ● Jagunemisel anafaasis liigub kromosoomipaar samale poolusele Sagedus ● Üks kõige sagedasemaid kromosoommutatsioone ● 1:500 - 1:1000 ● Vanem ema suurendab riski Ravi ja ennetus ● Teha lootevedelikuproov ● Otsest ravi pole olemas ● On võimalik teha hormoonravi ● Testosteroon aitab madaldada häält, suurendada lihasmassi ● Luud muutuvad tugevamaks ● Eluiga sarnane normaalse inimesega Allikad http://www.kliinikum.ee/geneetikakeskus/images/stories/47XXY.jpg http://img.webmd.c...
Parool: 7749672 · Lege Artis - Perekonnanimi: härmask Parool: Nooruse9 Teadusartikkel peaks sisaldama järgmisi osasid: sissejuhatus, meetodi kirjeldus, tulemuste esitamine ja diskussioon. Update Code:20090107PMID: Early and Very Early Parenting Maternal Emotions and Human Development By Bruce H. Lipton, Ph.D. (1995) For nearly a hundred years, we have been enslaved with the notion that our fate is locked in our genes. This vision, grounded in the dogma of traditional medical sciences, perceives that organismal development represents a simple read-out of inherited genetic programs. The dogma, officially couched as the "primacy of DNA," concedes that genes play a causal role in controlling biological expression and behavior by their ability to turn themselves on and off. This perspective on the role of genes has lead to the concept of "genetic determinacy," the
dysplasias include: 1. Achondroplasia (one per 26,000 to 40,000 births) 2. Diastrophic dysplasia (one per 110,000 births) 3. SED (one per 95,000 births) Primordial dwarfism A rare form of dwarfism that results in a smaller body size in all stages of life beginning from before birth. Potential causes Many forms of dwarfism are usually the result of a spontaneous mutation in a single gene from averagesized parents. By genes inherited from one or both parents. Diagnosis Through prenatal testing. Most cases are not identified until after the child is born. Treatment Hormonal therapy. Limblengthening surgery. Most forms of dwarfism cannot be treated or cured. Prevention Prompt treatment of any childhood illnesses and proper nutrition. During pregnancy avoiding cigarettes and alcohol. Some causes of dwarfism are genetic. There are no ways to prevent them.
AMBER AND RUSSET - LATE COLOUR CHANGE GENES Copyright 2014, Sarah Hartwell The ancestors of the domestic cat were nondescript black/brown striped tabbies. Over the centuries, mutation produced a wide array of colours based on 2 different pigments. Eumelanin gives the blacks, browns and blues while phaeomelanin gives the reds, fawns and creams. A few other genes give further variations on those colours such silvers, colourpoints and solids/selfs. Mutations continue to occur and unexpected colours also turn up due to inbreeding where recessive genes, hidden for generations, start showing up. AMBER AND LIGHT AMBER During the 1990s, some purebred Norwegian Forest Cats in Sweden produced chocolate/lilac and cinnamon/fawn offspring. However, those colours are not found in the purebred Norwegian Forest Cat gene pool
neid ohutult teraapias. · iPS rakkude kasutamine võiks olla lubatud selliste tervislike seisundite puhul, kus võimaliku vähkkasvaja ning ootamatute seisundite tekke oht on oluliselt väiksem kui ravi efektiivsus. · Kui suudame soodustada ESC uurimist, on lootust et meie teadmised nendest aitavad lahendada eetilisi probleeme, ning nende ohutus ja efektiivsus aitab meil ravida palju seni ravimata haigusi. Geeniteraapia · Genes, which are carried on chromosomes, are the basic physical and functional units of heredity · When genes are altered so that the encoded proteins are unable to carry out their normal functions, genetic disorders can result · Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development Somatic gene therapy · is when therapeutic genes are transferred into the somatic cells of a patient, meaning
Keskaja periodiseerimine Keskaeg on ajaloo periood vana ja uue aja vahel. Keskaega vaadetakse perioodidena milledel on kõikidel erinevad tunnused. Keskaja nimetus võeti kasutusele 15.saj. ning seda kasutatakse ainult Euroopa ajaloo käsitluses. Kokkuleppeliselt algas keskaeg kuskil 5.sajandil (476.a PKr. Kui kukutati viimani Rooma keiser)ning kestis kuni 16 sajandini (1492.a Columbus avastas Ameerika). Keskaeg jaguneb 4 perioodiks. Pikka pimeduse ajajärk,kaubanduse,käsitöö, 510saj. Varakeskaeg linnade allakäik;kujuneb välja feodaalkord;laialt levib ristiusk Euroopas Linnade k...
... Vitamiin A :(retinool): organismile tasakaalu ja kaitset pakkuv antioksüdant, tagab silmade, limaskesta ja maksa tervise, vajalik luukoe, hammaste ja kõhrede arenguks, oluline spermatosoidide ja platsenta arenguks ja rakkude ehituseks kasvavale organismile. Retinoic acid is a derivate of vitamine A and a member of the steroid supefamily. Retinoic acid activates a unique class of transcription factors - retinoid receptors- that modulate the expression of a number of target genes. Peptide hormone provide another class of inuctive signals, including those that belong to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor(TGF) families. Ano their petide hormone essential for neural induction is sonic hedgehog(shh). These molecules, like retioic acid are produced by a variety of embryonic tissues including the notochord the floorplate, and the neural ectoderm itself, they bind to cell surface receptors, many which are protein kinases.
as the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, and China. Much of modern biology can be encompassed within five unifying principles: cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and energy. Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and that all living things are composed of one or more cells or the secreted products of those cells. Evolution is now used to explain the great variations of life found on Earth. Genes are the primary units of inheritance in all organisms. A gene is a unit of heredity and corresponds to a region of DNA that influences the form or function of an organism in specific ways. Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. Energy is a quantity that is often understood as the ability to perform work.
1d 1. He told me that it was my mistake, which is a nonsense. 2. My friend, who loves helping people, wants to become a psychologist. 3. This is the book which our teacher was talking about. 4. Many experts will attend the conference, where new theories will be presented. 5. I have recently read a theory which claim that differences between male and female brains can be explained through differences in genes. 6. Our neighbour, whose daughter lives in Portsmouth, is going to UK soon. 1e 1. Ken said that Doctor Who was one of his favourite programmes. 2. The aliens claimed that they could destroy our planet. 3. The commander warned that the spaceship would land soon. 4. My friend promised to be at the club by five o'clock. 5. Steve deneid breaking my mobile. 6. Our teacher recommended repeating the phrases twice a day before the test. 2a 1
DNA transkriptsiooni ühik, mis kodeerib valku, sisaldab peale otse valku transleeritava järjestuse (kodeeriva järjestuse) ka regulatoorseid järjestusi, mis juhivad ja reguleerivad antud valgusünteesi. Transkripti 5'-poolsed järjestused on ülesvoolu ja 3'-poolsed järjestused allavoolu RNA järjestused. · Transkriptsiooni faktori aktiivsuse tuvastamine - All organisms have ways to control when and where their genes can be transcribed. For instance, nearly all the cells in our bodies contain the full set of human genes, but in each cell type only some of these genes are active, or turned on, and used to make proteins. That's why liver cells produce some proteins that are not produced by kidney cells, and vice versa. Moreover, many cells can respond to external signals or changes in external conditions by turning specific genes on
[2] 3. 1 ref to operon; 2 normally repressor substance bound to operator; 3 prevents RNA polymerase binding (at promoter) / prevents transcription; 4 lactose binds to repressor; 5 changes shape of protein molecule; 6 unable to bind (to operator); 7 RNA polymerase binds (at promoter) / transcription occurs / genes switched on; 8 AVP; e.g. production of lactose permease / production of beta- galactosidase; max 5 [5] 4. a change in the genetic material; unpredictable / AW; extra detail; e.g. addition / substitution / deletion / frame shift / small
Environmental problems Nimi Klass Biodiversity The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity, is commonly referred to as biodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet, such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth. Appropriate conservation and sustainable development strategies attempt to recognize this as being integral to any approach. In some way or form, almost all cultures have recognized the importance of nature and its biological diversity for their societies and have therefore understood the need to maintain it. Yet, power,
N., Budd, G. E., Akam, M. 2009. The involvement of engrailed and wingless during segmentation in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis (Peripatopsidae: Onychophora) (Reid 1996). 219, 5. 249-264. [online] (http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/content/2507804255q4124g/) (07.03.2012) Eriksson, B. J., Tait, N. N., Budd, G. E., Jannsen, R., Akam, M. 2010. Head patterning and Hox gene expression in an onychophoran and its implications for the arthropod head problem. Development Genes and Evolution. 220, 3-4 117-122. [online] (http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/content/lp454782714r0715/) Hughes, C. L., Kaufman, T. C. 2002. Hox genes and the evolution of the arthropod body plan. 4, 6. 459-499. [online] (http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.tlu.ee/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7c738895-1958- 42d8-822f-d5386559d587%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=3) (07.03.2012) Mayer, G., Harzsch, S. 2007. Immunolocalization of serotonin in Onychophora argues
are (10) ... according to the authors of the report. SUSTAIN People of the Forest This TV (0) documentary follows a family of chimpanzees DOCUMENT which live in the forest of Tanzania. Set in (1) ... SPECTACLE scenery the programme gives us a fascinating insight into the life and social (2) ... of these creatures. ACTION (3) ... we humans share 98% of our genes with APPEAR chimpanzees; indeed, they are our closest relative in the animal (4) ... and scenes in the documentary offer clear KING evidence of our (5) ... . The focus of the film is on Fifi and SIMILAR we first see her as a (6) ... five-year-old who spends all her PLAY time annoying her younger brother. Meanwhile, the older male chimps seem to be involved in an endless fight for (7) ... . And it SUPREME
6). Cambridge University Press. Biological bases of personality trait differences (Schacter pp. 498-501) · Genes and environment usually twin studies also now `genome-wide association studies' using DNA · Personality of animals
Ta nimetas õhku hapniku ja lämmastiku seguks. Hapniku avastajaks loetakse enamasti Joseph Priestley't, kuumutades elavhõbedaoksiidi (HgO), kuid umbes samal ajal üksteistest sõltumata avastas hapniku veel Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Priestley ei nimetanud saadut alguses hapnikuks, selle nime (inglise keeles oxygen) andis hiljem Antoine Lavoisier, kes arvas, et hapnikku on vaja kõikide hapete moodustamiseks. ,,Oxygen" tuleneb Kreeka keelsetest sõnadest oxys ja genes, mis koos tähendavad ,,happe moodustumist". Poolteist sajandit enne Priestleyt, Scheelet ja Rutherfordi avastas hapniku ja selgitas selle füsioloogilist osa hingamisel Hollandi teadlane Cornelius van Drebel. Drebeli uurimused tulid avalikuks alles hiljuti, sest mitu sajandit hoiti neid puutumatult Hollandi salaarhiivis. Saamine Hapnikku saab mitmel erineval viisil, näiteks suuremates kogustes saab hapnikku fotosünteesi, elektrolüüsi ja KClO3 kuumutamise läbi
1. Plasmamembraani valgud – ehitus ja talitlus. Mis on GPI-ankur? ! 1. Transmembranaalsetel valkudel on hüdrofoobsetest aminohapetest koosnev ala, mis võimaldab seostuda lipiidse kaksikkihi hüdrofoobse sisemusega. Membraani läbiv valgu osa moodustab alfa-heeliksi. 2. Mõned valgud kinnituvad membraani välispinnale kovalentselt seotud rasvhappe molekuli abil mis toimib kui ankur: valgul on küljes fosfolipiid (fosfatidüülinositool), mis seotakse valgule oligosahhariidi vahendusel. Seda struktuuri nimetatakse kokku glükosüül-fosfatidüül-inositool ankruks ehk GPI- ankruks. Sellised valgud paiknevad alati membraani välises ehk eksoplasmaatilises pooles. 3. Perifeersed valgud on seotud mittekovalentselt teiste membraanivalkudega. Neid saab eraldada soola kontsentratsiooni tõstmisega, pH muutmisega jne. Ülesanded: 1. Transport-kompleksid (kanalid ja pumbad) 2. Seostajad 3. Membraani retseptorid...
experiments by Rosenzweig and Bennett. Neurotransmission experiment by Martinez and Kesner. 4) Case studies: Phineas Gage studied by Dr John Harlow and Oliver Sack's study on Dr P. Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the biological level of analysis. Biological researchers often adopt a reductionist approach to the study of human behavior. They work on a micro-level of research, breaking down complex behavior into its smallest parts (e.g. genes, neurotransmitters or proteins). This approach is sometimes criticized for being overly simplistic, but it is important to have detailed information of the components of human behavior in order to understand the interaction of several factors. Kasamatsu and Hirai studied a group of Buddhist monks who went on a 72-hour pilgrimage to a holy mountain in Japan. During this time the monks did not eat, drink or speak and were exposed to cold, autumn weather. About 48 hours later they started
It is only knowledge produced with difficulty that we truly value. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Session: May 2017 Word count: 1212 It is only knowledge produced with difficulty that we truly value. To what extent do you agree with this statement? To be knowledgeable is to have an understanding about how things are and how things work. Knowledge is the combination of facts, information, and/or skills that when put together create a whole picture enabling us to fully understand a subject or situation. We, as ordinary people, can acquire knowledge either from our first hand experiences (personal knowledge) or from education and research (shared knowledge). Difficulty depends on how much effort or skill must be implemented for the information to be acquired, and the value of something lies in it's importa...
1. Mis on sidumissait? Mille poolest ta a) sarnaneb, b) erineb TATAbox- st? 2. Sidumissait - regioon (valgus, DNA-s jne), mis on spetsiifiliseks seostumiseks teistele molekulidele, ioonidele. It is a region on a protein, DNA, or RNA to which specific other molecules and ions -- in this context collectively called ligands, or more specifically, protein ligands -- form a chemical bond. 3. TATA-box is a DNA sequence (Cis-regulatory element) found in the promoter region of most genes in eukaryotes. It is the binding site of either transcription factors or histones and is involved in the process of transcription by RNA polymerase. It has the core DNA sequence 5'- TATAAA-3' or a variant, which is usually followed by three or more adenine bases and has been highly conserved through evolution. The TATA box is usually located 25 base pairs upstream to the transcription site. 4. Nimeta peamised DNAd siduvad domäänid, mis on iseloomulikud
introns between closely related plant pathogenic fungi. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 114-126. Ito, Y. & Hirano, T. 1999. A group I intron in the 18S ribosomal DNA from the parasitic fungus Isaria japonica. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48: 337-340. Jamrt-Vierny, C., Boulay, J. & Briand, J-F. 1997. Contribution of various classes of defective mitochondrial DNA molecules to senescence in Podospora anserina. Current Genetics 31: 171-178. Jazwinski, S.M. 1996. Longevity assurance genes and mitochondrial DNA alterations: yeast and filamentous fungi. In: Handbook of the Biology of Aging (4th edition), p. 39. Academic Press, New York. Kamaletdinowa, F.I. & Vassilyev, A.E. 1982. Cytology of Discomycetes. Alma-Ata, 176 pp. Kempken, F. 1995. Horizontal transfer of a mitochondrial plasmid. Molecular & General Genetics 248: 89-94. Kempken, F. & Kuck, U. 1998. Transposons in filamentous fungi--facts and perspectives. Bioessays 20: 652-659. Kim, N.S., Park, N.I., Kim, S.H., Kim, S.T
My father conceived me after having been imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps." Born in 1946 in a village in the northern Italian province of Gorizia, near the border with the then Yugoslavia, Capello insists a hardworking upbringing and the encouragement of his father to pursue his footballing dreams are the roots of his success. His father played for an Italian third division side and an uncle was so good that he played for the national side. Not only was football in the genes but it also provided an escape from the Cold War pressures in a part of Italy where there was constant fear that the borders could be redrawn and his family forced from their home. Citing the role of his father and uncle in forming his legendary work ethic, Capello said: "They taught me dedication, to always work hard with absolute stubbornness. Only hard work allows an athlete to make the most of his talents." The result is a Stakhanovite philosophy under which Capello rewards the players he
Notions for The New World Native Americans Origin of Native Americans Nearly one-third of Native American genes come from west Eurasian people linked to the Middle East and Europe, rather than entirely from East Asians as previously thought, according to a newly sequenced genome. Native peoples of North and South America descended from ancestors who arrived via land bridges from East Asia, possibly in a single migration. Different tribes and their way of life The men were hunters, warriors, and protectors, while the women tended to the children, their homes, and farmed
D., Miles, C.O., Jarlfors, U. & Schardl, C.L. 2002. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere. Mycologia 94: 694–711. Moon, C.D., Scott, B., Schardl, C.L., & Christensen, M.J. 2000. Evolutionary origins of Epichloë endophytes from annual ryegrasses. Mycologia 92: 1103–18. Penalva, M.A., Moya, A., Dopazo, J. & Ramon, D. 1990. Sequences of isopenicillin N synthetase genes suggest horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 241: 164-169. Papa, K.E. 1979. Genetics of Aspergillus flavus: complementation and mapping of aflatoxin mutants. Genetical Research 34: 1–9. 89 Ramirez Carillo, R. & Leal Lara, H. Breeding of Pleurotus and Lentinula hybrids by pairing of neohaplonts for commercial cultivation. In: IMC7 Book of Abstracts
printing. Here the British companies are among the world`s biggest and most successful. The British construction industry continues to be engaged in some of the most prestigious international projects. Britain also excels in the field of scientific and technological innovation. The oldest universities are Oxford and Cambridge which are also centres of scientific research. There have been several British breakthroughs in genetics research, including the identification of genes linked to diseases e.g. a form of breast cancer. In 1997 scientists in Edinburgh succeeded in cloning a sheep. Scotland and Northern Ireland have long been noted for their production of whisky and textiles, notably tweed and linen respectively. Today Scotland is also a major producer of computers. The leading manufacturing regions are Greater London, Greater Manchester, West Midlands (Birmingham), Yorkshire, Newcastle, Glasgow, Bristol.
o Dawkins väidab, et usk üleloomulikku loojasse on luul (delusion), mida ta defineerib kui kangekaelset valeusku vaatamata kaalukatele vastukäivatele tõenditele. Jumala geeni hüpotees põhineb oletusel, et inimese spetsiifilisi geene - geen VMAT2 loob eelsoodumuse spirituaalseks ja müstiliseks käitumiseks. Autoriks geneetik Dean Hamer (USA) oma 2005 a. raamatus The God Gene: How Faith is Hardwired into our Genes. Kas antiteadus? Jumala geeni olemasolu põhjendatakse käitumisgeneetiliste, neurobioloogiliste ja psühholoogia-alaste uurimistulemustega. Hüpoteesi põhiargumentideks esitatakse: o Spirituaalsust saab kvantitatiivselt mõõta psühhomeetriliste määramistega; o Spirituaalsus on osaliselt päranduv; o Osa sellekohasest päritavusest on seostatav geeniga VMAT2 inimese 19. kromosoomis;
Teaduse arengu uued suunad S?jaj?rgsetel aastatel tegid just demokraatliku vormiga riikides teadlased suurimaid edusamme matemaatikas, loodusteadustes, meditsiinis jm.Eestvedajaks oli f??sika ja eriti j? udsalt arenes tuumaf??sika. Uus-Meremaal s?ndinud Briti teadlane Ernest Rutherford tegi silmapaistvaid avastusi tuumaf??sika alal.1919. aastal teostas ta esimese tehisliku tuumareaktsiooni.1930. aastal avastas Prantsuse f??sikutest abielupaar tehisradioaktiivsuse.Samal aastal j?uti praktikas l? hedale tuuma l?hustamisel vabaneva energia saamisele.1942. aastal pandi USA-s t??le maailma esimene tuumareaktor(Chicago Pile No1).See valmis E.Fermi juhtimisel. S?ja t?ttu ja tuumapommi loomist silmas pidades toimus kogu ehitus ja selle katsetamine range salastatuse tingimustes. Ei lubatud isegi fotografeerimist. Kogu aparatuuri ?mbritses ? hupallimaterjalist kate, mille ?ks k?lg k?ll katse ajal avatud oli. F??sikute ja m...
density rural areas which results in spreading of city over more and more rural land. Urban sprawl results in land degradation, increased traffic, environmental issues and health issues. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO FIX URBAN SPRAWL. 10. Genetic Engineering: Genetic modification of food using biotechnology is called genetic engineering. Genetic modification of food results in increased toxins and diseases as genes from an allergic plant can transfer to target plant. Genetically modified crops can cause serious environmental problems as an engineered gene may prove toxic to wildlife. Another drawback is that increased use of toxins to make insect resistant plant can cause resultant organisms to become resistant to antibiotics. FIND OUT 5 REASONS TO AVOID GM FOOD. If humans continue moving forward in such a harmful way towards the future, then there will be no future to consider
LOMR.01.005 Kordamisküsimused 2015-03-09 1. Mis on imputeerimine? Statistikas tähendab imputeerimine puuduolevate andepunktide täitmist. Geneetilistes uuringutes tähendab imputeerimine puuduolevate genotüüpide ennustamist. 2. Mis kasu on imputeerimisest? Analüüsi võimsuse kasv Tihedam markerite katvus Meta-analüüs Haplotüübianalüüsid – võimalik analüüsida markereid, mida pole olemas ei genotüpiseeritud kui imputeeritud markerite hulgas. CNV (copy number variation) ja indel’ite analüüsid Genotüpiseerimisel tekkinud vigade ja puuduolevate genotüüpide täitmine – genotüpiseerimisel jääb osa inimeste genotüüpe määramata. Selliseid puuduolevaid markereid saab imputeerimise abil taastada. 3. Mille poolest erineb harvade variantide analüüs GWAS analüüsidest? Harvade variantide analüüs võimaldab saada informatsiooni variantide kohta, mill...
Meat and are generally tougher. from Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle inher- Smith et al. (2007a) reported that weight iting the CC genotype at the calpastatin at slaughter, hot carcass weight, loin muscle gene and the TT genotype at the μ-calpain area, yield grade, calpastatin enzyme activ- gene produce steaks with more intense flavor ity, and carcass quality grade were relatively (Casas et al. 2006). These genes correlate highly heritable. They found moderate heri- with increased rancid, sour, and salty flavors, tability estimates for marbling score, back and decreased umami flavor (Toldrá fat thickness, and feedlot average daily gain. and Flores 2000). In addition, content of MacNeil et al. (2001) reported that Limousin- several volatile compounds, such as hexane sired calves grew more rapidly than Hereford- and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, differs sired calves
Genoomika kursuse kordamispunktid 1. Mis on ja mida uurib genoomika? Genoomika - teadus genoomide ehitusest. Genoomika uurib põhjusi, miks konkreetne DNA järjestus on evolutsioonis välja valitud (säilunud). Genoomika ülesandeks on mitte ainult teada konkreetse geeni ja selle produkti funktsiooni organismis, vaid ka kõikide geenide, nende produktide, funktsioonide ja regulatsiooni seoseid, mis viivad organismi tekkeni. GENes and chromosOMEs (kromosoomide täielik kogu koos neis sisalduvate geenidega). Genoomika on geneetika edasiarendus tegeledes: Genoomikaartide ja ülesehitusega, DNA sekveneerimisprobleemidega, Andmete säilitamise ja töötlemisega (bioinformaatika), Geenide identifitseerimisega, Funktsionaalse analüüsiga (funktsionaalne genoomika), Genoomide evolutsiooniga, Farmakogeneetiliste probleemidega jne. 3. Genoomika suundumused ja probleemid. Post-genoomika e. modulaarne
Samuti on tarvis kontrollmehhanisme ja vigade parandust, mis nõuab samuti täiendavat energiat. 41.(136) Ligikaudu mitu erinevat valku on inimeses? 4 a) 500 b) 5000 c) 50000 siit võtaks C(50 000), kuid kui netist vaadata siis hinnatakse seda arvu 8590 tuhande peale. Ühel Väljamäe slaidil on kirjas: Homo sapiens 30 000 100 000 valku. After the completion of human genome sequencing project in the year 2000, the consensus has been that there are between 40,000 to 100,000 genes in the human genome. Consensus also exists that there are two to three fold more number of proteins in human proteome as compared to the total of number of genes in the human genome. However, given this staggering number of proteins that are known to exist in human body, there are only about 500 proteins so far that are known to be the targets of all the known drugs today (Source: Science, 17th March 2000, vol. 287, pp19601964) http://www.biomed.drexel
Mohiyeddini C. (2005) Personality, emotion regulation and psychopathology, Habilitation theses, University of Tuebingen, Germany Mohiyeddini C. (1998) Emotional Regulation Effectiveness Inventory (EREI), translated by B. Kudielka & A. Hahn (2001) from Inventar zur Emotionsregulationswirksamkeit (IERW), University of Mainz Morita K., Saito T., Ohta M., Ohmori T., Kawai K., Teshima-Kondo S., Rokutan K. (2005) Expression analysis of psychological stress-associated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. Neurocience Letters 318: 57-62 Muraven M., Tice D. M., & Baumeister R. F. (1998) Self-control as a limited resource: regulatory depletion patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 774789. Nolen-Hoeksema S. (2000) The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 (3): 504 511. Ochsner K.N., Gross J.J. (2004) Thinking makes it so: a social cognitive neuroscience
1 Õppevahend: Molekulaarbioloogia üldkursuse lühikonspekt Põhiline õpik on B. Lewin "Genes" V ja VI väljaanne, edasises tekstis on viiteid Genes VI joonistele (kui pole eraldi märgitud) ja üksikutel teemadel detailsematele materjalidele. Kursiivis on esitatud lõigud, mis on mõeldud täindavaks lugemiseks aga ei ole "kohustuslikud". Sissejuhatus Molekulaarbioloogia on termin, mis võeti kasutusele selle sajandi teisel poolel peale esimeste makromolekulide ruumilise struktuuri kindlakstegemist. Esialgu tähistaski see termin just struktuurset bioloogiat molekulaarsel tasemel. Seega on
(inhibeerimine). Kasutatavus Possible therapeutic uses either as siRNAs are valuable laboratory drug targets or as drug agents tools used in nearly every molecular themselves. Expression levels of biology laboratory to knock down miRNAs can be used as potential genes. Several siRNAs are in diagnostic and biomarker tools. clinical trials as possible therapeutic agents. siRNA rakku viimise meetodid, nende eelised ja puudused lipiidimitsellis rakulises vesiikulis viiruste sisse pakitult lühemad kui 14 lähevad iseseisvalt läbi raku bakteritega
z-Mu8Ld3DUFwl56Uar_d_A8caC6tn8qlr-DwjUwtREZ-HdXCQTYCavf91lp5PuMwr- w_EzATxTpcGPGSjuxo3ctNnjFhQ_DXGG0_g&sig=AHIEtbTGDD779y0FvDeHitcviLVuZf rWnQ (2013.02) /Internetis/ 78 26. Dhavale, G. Common Mental Disorders [WWW] http://www.buzzle.com/articles/common-mental-disorders.html (26.09.2011) /Internetis/ 27. Why the British are free-thinking and the Chinese love conformity: It's all in the genes claim scientists [WWW] http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2113350/Why- individualism-free-thinking-genes-British-people.html (12.03.2012) /Internetis/ 28. Dr June Kane Vägivald ja tehnoloogia [WWW] https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:JSZjln6hpnkJ:ec.europa.eu/justice_home/daph netoolkit/files/others/booklets/07_daphne_booklet_7_et.pdf+&hl=et&gl=ee&pid=bl&srcid=A DGEESiWDW4vmRyKcGkQ0sYqZD7QWAt4dsXcd_Q0uZxBhCZEkI8i2U44ikRFiDynobf9
dipeptiid) RLR retseptorid RNA helikaasid Taimede PPR retseptorid(XA21, FLS2) MBL (mannan-binding lectin) C-reaktiivne valk Komplemendi retseptorid RNA helikaasid RIG-I ja MDA5 RIG-I ja akronüümid immunoloogilistes tekstides RIG-I(retinoic-acid-inducible protein ) retseptorite (tsütosoolsed RNA helikaasid) käivitatud signaalirajad Taimede immuunsüsteemi elemente PAMPS- Pathogen-associated molecular pattern LRR- leucine-rich repeat (leutsiini rikaste kordustega retseptorid) R genes (resistentsuse geenid) RNA interference Lihtsamad keemilised mediaatorid ja signaalnolekulid (salitsüül hape,jasmon hape, etüleen.....) Immuunreaktsioonid taimedel miRNA ssRNA molekule mõnest tuhandest kuni 40,000 molekulini raku kohta Leitud kõigis metazoa liikides, 0.5-1% geenidest siRNA märklauaks on geenid, millest on ise pärit miRNA reguleerib erinevaid geene 100 erinevat mRNA molekuli võib olla reguleeritud ühe miRNA poolt 3. loeng Immuunsüsteemi rakud ja koed
that. I suppose I could share my plant knowledge with a single student, or several, and it wouldn't make much difference to me. The whole role of apprenticeship and master-apprentice needs to be expanded beyond its present confines of carpentry, masonry, electricity, and the like. It is true all of us are genetically capable of only so much; that our upbringing and education can be the same yet we turn out differently because of our genes. Well, how should you or I raise kids? Or if we don't want to be parents, how do we help educate children in general? Most mature adults feel a responsibility to both self-education and assisting others; the majority even tax themselves to help educate others. Schooling choices are varied. If money was not problematic I would send my kids to the best schools. If money is lacking (and so far, it is) I'd send them to the best public schools within reasonable proximity
His trainer at the time, Marty Gallagher, has stated matter-of-factly that "maintaining peak condition year-round is a ticket to the mental ward." You can have your cheesecake and eat it too, as long as you get the timing right. The best part is that these planned ups and downs accelerate, rather than reverse, progress. Forget balance and embrace cycling. It's a key ingredient in rapid body redesign. PREDISPOSITION VS. PREDESTINATION: DON'T BLAME YOUR GENES The marathoners of Kenya are legendary. Kenyan men have won all but one of the last 12 Boston Marathons. In the 1988 Olympics, Kenyan men won gold in the 800-meter, 1,500-meter, and 5,000-meter races, as well as the 3,000-meter steeplechase. Factoring in their population of approximately 30 million, the statistical likelihood of this happening at an international competition with the scope of the Olympics is about one in 1.6 billion.
spiritual. Ameerika sotsioloog Talcott Parsons 1949. Essays in Sociological Theory. Kultuur koosneb neist mustritest mis on seotud teatud käitumisega ja inimtegevuse tulemitest, mis võivad olla päritud, s.t., edastatud põlvest põlve sõltumatult bioloogilistest geenidest. Culture consists in those patterns relative to behavior and the products of human action which may be inherited, that is, passed on from generation to generation independently of the biological genes. Neis kultuuridefinitsioonides rõhutatakse eeskätt kultuuri sotsiaalset päritavust, mis on samas erinev bioloogilisest pärinemisest. Ajalooliste kultuuridefinitsioonide suurim puudus on, et nad kipuvad ülerõhutama kultuuri stabiilsust; K & K arvates viitab "pärandi" mõiste kultuuri staatilisele käsitlusele. Raymond Williams Resources of Hope (1989:4) kommenteerib ajaloolise ja tänapäevase vahekorda kultuuris järgmiselt:
1. Molekulaarne ja rakenduslik immunoloogia – ARMP 02.024 (3 EAP) 1. Nüüdisaegse immunoloogia ja rakendusliku (sh. kliinilise) immunoloogia arengu põhijooned. Immunoloogia teaduste roll meditsiinis ja selle erinevates distsipliinides: ülesandeks on uurida neid rakulise immuunsuse nihkeid, mis määratlevad autoimmunisatsiooni kujunemise immunoloogia põhieesmärgiks on antigeensete märklaudmolekulide ja nendega seotud immuunreaktsioonide uurimine rea autoimmuunhaiguste ja mikroorganismide poolt indutseeritud põletike korral. saada uut informatsiooni antikehade ja rakkude poolt vahendatud immuun-mehhanismidest autoimmuunhäirete korral töötada välja uued seroloogilised ja molekulaarsed meetodid nende häirete korral esinevate immuunreaktsioonide iseloomustamiseks. olulisemaks praktiliseks ülesandeks on uute immunoloogiliste diagnostiliste ja ravi jälgimiseks sobiva...
Yes, the Jews have taken care of Israel and made it one of the most powerful countries in the world. But unlike our brothers and sisters, the Jews control a large chunk of America’s wealth. You just have to take a look at America’s 500 largest companies and who owns them to understand what I’m talking about here. You cannot ask two blind imbeciles to cross a narrow bridge with no support, because you know perfectly well that there would be a disaster. Whatever it is, it must be in our genes – our inability to take care of ourselves, our dependency on others to take care of our every need. One must question the intelligence of a race of people which has seen how centuries of dependence on others have made them perpetual slaves and who then continue to build castles in the sky. DEGENERATION OF BLACK COMMUNITIES 32 You see, I have lived in America for 32 years now. It is sickening listening to Blacks who are always
MUCHAS VIDAS, MUCHOS MAESTROS BRIAN WEISS 1988 PREFACIO Sé que hay un motivo para todo. Tal vez en el momento en que se produce un hecho no contamos con la penetración psicológica ni la previsión necesaria para comprender las razones, pero con tiempo y paciencia saldrán a la luz. Así ocurrió con Catherine. La conocí en 1980, cuando ella tenía veintisiete años. Vino a mi consultorio buscando ayuda para su ansiedad, sus fobias, sus ataques de pánico. Aunque estos síntomas la acompañaban desde la niñez, en el pasado reciente habían empeorado mucho. Día a día se encontraba más paralizada emocionalmente, menos capaz de funcionar. Estaba aterrorizada y, comprensiblemente, deprimida. En contraste con el caos de su vida en esos momentos, mi existencia fluía con serenidad. Tenía un matrimonio feliz y estable, dos hijos pequeños y una carrera floreciente. Desde el principio mismo, mi vida pa...
annaabi.ee 
Sisene Facebook'ga
Sisene Google'ga
Sisene LinkedIn'ga
