INGLISE KEELE KORDAMINE TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening
FUTURE TENSES: WILL / GOING TO I will travel to Japan next year decision I am going to study German at school plan WILL/GOING TO The Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings as mentioned before. I will probably go to Italy next Summer I am going to fly to Italy next Saturday Future Tense: Will Form Affirmative: I will travel to Madrid in October Interrogative : Will you travel by bus? Negative : I will not travel - won't Will you travel by train or by bus? I won't travel by bus I will probably travel by train
FUTURE FORMS Future Simple (will +I) a) in predictions about the future usually with the verbs think, believe, expect, etc., the expressions be sure be afraid, etc., and the adverbs probably perhaps, certainly, etc I'm afraid we won't be on time for the meeting. b) for on-the-spot decisions. c) for promises (usually with the verbs promise, swear, guarantee, etc.), threats, warnings, requests, hopes (usually with the verb hope) and offers. d) for actions/events/situations which will definitely happen in the future and which we cannot control. The temperature will reach 40°C tomorrow. Be going to
Tense Form Use Hints Example + I pv ((e)+s) Present Simple 1. daily routines, habits or repeated actions Every hour/day/week etc , I always play football in -? do/does not+I pv 2. permanent states usually, always, in the the evenings
Ways of expressing the Future Table of Contents Future Simple ...................................................................... 2 Be going to ........................................................................... 3 Present Continuous .............................................................. 3 Present Simple ..................................................................... 4 Future Continuous ............................................................... 4 Future Perfect....................................................................... 6 Other ways of referring to the future ..................................... 7 Other future references......................................................... 8 Future Simple In Future Simple we use the modal verb will + the verb
/ On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo B Bravo P Papa C Charlie Q Quebec D Delta R Romeo
Grammar English Future simpleWe use future simple: a) in predictions about the future usually with the verbs think, believe, expect, etc.., the expressions be sure, be afraid, etc.., and the adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly.., b) for on-the-spot decisions c) for promisses, threats, warnings, requests, hopes and offers. d) for actions/ events/ situations which will definitely happen on the future and which we cannot control.Be going to We use be going to: a) for plans, intentions or ambitions we have for the future. b) for actions we have already decided to do in the near future . C) in predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near future.Future continious. A) for an action ehich will be in progress at a started future time. B) for an actions ehich will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement. C) when we ask politely about someone's plans for the near future.
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused)
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
same time of speaking or around it at the moment He's working. He isn't working. Is he working? Present to be (am/are/is) + Progressive future meaning: when you have Infinitive + ing Look! I'm going. I'm not going. Am I going? already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date) Listen! He's going. He isn't going. Is he going? last ... I worked. I didn't work. Did I work? regular:
tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words always, every ..., action in the present Simple Present A: He speaks. never, normally, N: He does not speak. taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3.A future fact: They're going to break the window. He will be ten next year. 4.Promises / requests / refusal / willingness: I'll help you with your homework. Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future
happening at the same time of speaking or around it Now I'm working to be at the (am/are/is) he's Present moment + infinitive working Progressive future I'm going Look! + ing meaning: he's going Listen! when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date) Past last ... action took infinitive + I worked Simple ... ago place in the -ed he worked
Present Now · something is happening at the *praeguse be (am/are/ I'm working Prog at the same time of speaking or around it perioodi vältel is) + he's working ressive moment · future meaning: when you have toimuv infinitive + I'm going kestev Look! already decided and arranged *tulevikus he's going Listen! toimuv, ing olevik to do it (a fixed plan, date) ettekavatsetud Past last ... ; Toimus I worked
The telephone was invented by Bell. NB! The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence. The doer of the action is indicated by a by phrase. When the doer of the action is not important, the ’by phrase’ is omitted: Active: Someone locks the office every evening. Passive: The office is locked every evening. Tenses in the Passive Voice A passive verb is the verb be in the right tense + a Past Participle (PP) • Present Simple: am/are/is + PP The office is locked every evening. • Past Simple: was/were + PP My car was stolen last night. • Future Simple: will be + PP No disciplinary action will be taken against you. • Present Continuous: am/are/is being + PP The house is being painted at the moment. 2 • Past Continuous: was/were being + PP
Use • Must and have to both express strong obligation. Must is used to express an obligation that involves the speaker’s opinion. It is personal: I must get my hair cut. (This is me talking to me.) You must do your homework regularly. (A teacher talking to students) Must is also associated with a formal, written style: Candidates must answer four questions. (Instructions on an exam paper) Books must be returned on or before the date due. (Instructions in a library) 4 • Have to expresses a general obligation based on a law or rule, or based on the authority of another person: I can’t play tennis tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist. (I have an appointment.) Children have to go to school until they are 16. (A law) Mum says you have to tidy your room before you go out. (Mother’s order!)
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Klaarika Kaljula 9a Use 1.Present actions 2.Temporary actions 3.Longer actions in progress 4.Future (personal) arrangements and plans 5.Trends 6.Irritation 1.Present Actions Happening at the moment of speaking Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking. Ex. He is eating a dinner. Mary is talking with her friends. They are swimming in the pool. Stative Verbs There is a certain group of verbs that usually does not appear in the Continuous form. They are called Stative Verbs, and if used in the Continuous form, they have a different meaning. Ex. I think you look pretty today. Meaning: Opinion I'm thinking of moving to San Francisco. Meaning: Act
The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. It is an interesting tense because it can be used Present Simple to express the future. Generally, though, we use it to Basic form describe the present activities or to talk about routines or Subject + Verb + -s (present form) John lives in New York. We play football every day. You are really kind. The meeting starts at 3 PM. Use the Present Simple: with state verbs. to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time. when an event is certain to happen in the future.
FUTURE TENSES FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL/SHALL) Form: will/shall + algvorm USE: 1)Predicting a future happening or situations 2)Shalll can be used with i and we 3)Descisions to do smthing at the time of speakin (offering to o / agreeing to do smthing/ promising to do smth) Negative: I can see you' re busy, so I WON't BE GOING TO Form: am/is/are going to + algvorm Use: 1) Descisions to do smthing, intentions. I'm going to buy a new car 2) Predictions about the future, which are based on the situation now. PRESENT SIMPLE ( I do) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about timetables, programmes: My train leaves at 11.30. 2) Talking about people if their plans are fixed like a timetable. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (I am doing) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about descisions and arrangements (sbdy has decied and arranged to do smthing). He is playing squash on Monday afternoon 2) You can use present contiuous for an action just before you begin to do it. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti Peter visits us every day. Peter visited us yesterday. Peter will visit us tomorrow. Continuous Tenses (kestvad ajad) are used when talking about a particular point in time · We were sleeping when the storm began. What were you doing at five o'clock? When I came, the children were sleeping. Perfect Tenses are used when an action or situation in the present is linked to a moment in the past often used to show things that have happened up to now but aren't finished yet to emphasize that something happened but is not true anymore Mary was tired. She had worked hard all day. Perfect Continuous Tenses Tegevus, mis mingil kindlaksmääratud momendil toimub (või toimus) ja mille alguse kohta on meil andmeid. · The child has been sleeping for six hours already. It has been raining for hours. Irregular verbs
· Wishes are for lazy people who can't get up and make their dreams come true on their own. Make it happen! · It's easy to say something, but it's harder to mean it. · Distance isn't a big factor in a relationship. Communication is. But most of all, commitment is the biggest. · A broken heart can hurt but it's the memories that kill you. · Every girl deserves to be treated with respect and not to be lied to or cheated on. · Remember, you need to open your eyes before opening your mouth! · When people start telling you you've changed, it's actually because you've just stopped living life THEIR way. · In life, shit happens, so forget about the past, and make the best of the future! · If you don't understand my silence, how do you understand my words? · Karma exists, good or bad. Karma comes in any ways. It may not come today but it WILL someday. · A man falls in love through his eyes, a woman through her ears. · All men are idiots..
Affirmative tense Use Signal Words /Negative/Question · always · action in the present taking place Simple Present A: He speaks. · every ... once, never or several times N: He does not speak. tegevus, mis toimub ühe korra, mitte · never Lihtolevik Q: Does he speak? · normally kunagi või mitu korda
I think that teachers should be creative to blend so-called digital learning/teaching with old-fashioned learning/teaching. · Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity? Sir Ken Robinson claims in the clip that " creativity in education is as important as literacy, we should treat it with the same status." I totally agree with all what he said. We have very strict education systems that don't allow a room for mistakes and they categorize people based on their achievements in exams. There is nothing like potentials, creativeness, possibilities or even 2nd chances. Families put high expectations on academic achievements and they always compare their kids with other's kids. A minority in each community will be really dedicated to help their kids explore their horizons. It is true that we should re-think the fundamental principles in which we educate our children
Simple Present Present Progressive/Continious (99%) infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking
about the importance of love and family. You are my mainstay and my greatest inspiration. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vi ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vii Foreword If you are ready to leverage yourself to greatness and achieve giant results, you have the right road map in your hands.You have before you the DNA of your future. All you need to create a wonderful fu- ture for yourself is to read this book, decide how you are going to apply it to your own life, write out a plan, and then go forth with en- thusiasm and make it happen. I have a confession to make. I am one of Brian’s raving fans. I have studied him, his brilliant work, and the extraordinary results he has achieved
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
We use the present continuous to talk about: 1. Something which is happening at the moment of speaking. I'm reading the Grammar referance page. 2. Something which is happening around now but not necessarily at the moment of speaking. I'm reading a lot of detective novels these days. 3. A changing situation. Computers are getting faster and faster. 4. Something which happens often and annoys us. My boss is always asking me to stay late. The present simple We use the present simple to talk about: 1. A routine or a habit. Jim always sets the alarm for 7.30. 2. Facts which stay the same for a long time. I have a friend who lives in London. She works in a museum. 3. Something which is always true. Ice melts when you heat it. Verbs not normally used in the continuous form 1. Some verbs are not normally used in the coniuous. These verbs are often connected with our thoughts and the feelings
he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear, know. I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine
Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
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