Volcanic eruption (summaries) 1. Volcanic eruption happens when various gases and lava are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is when freshly erupted magma is flowing. During the explosion, magma with rock fragments, flies into the air and then falls down. Magma, which have temperatures over 1200 degrees, may flow further than 40 km from the original disaster site. The lava destroys many building and plants also volcanic ash will harm humans when they breath it in. 2. The volcanic eruption of Mount Kelud on Java island blasted ash and debris 18 kilometers into the air. Eruption killed three people and forced 100,000 people to evacuate the area. Mount Kelud, what is 1,731 meter high, had been rumbling for several weeks and was under close observation. The disaster agency said that volcano
explored, and later settled along, the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages. Geography: Covering most of the northern part of the North American continent and with an area larger than that of the United States, Canada has an extremely varied topography. In the east, the mountainous maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic. The St. Lawrence plain, covering most of southern Quebec and Ontario, and the interior continental plain, covering southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan and most of Alberta, are the principal cultivable areas. They are separated by a forested plateau rising from Lakes Superior and Huron.
.......................... b) Many people live in overcrowded…........................... on the edge of the city. c) The cost of…........................... has risen steadily this year. d) Thousands of buildings fell down during a severe …........................... e)…........................... at football matches has been reduced this year. f) The…........................... of Ruritania has been condemned by the United Nations. g) The eruption of the volcano was a terrible …........................... h) Hundreds of people drowned during the …........................... i) Two of those involved in the crash had serious …........................... j) Large cities face the problem of what to do with household …........................... k) Doctors announced that there was now a cure for the …........................... 1) During the storm there were hundreds of …........................... calls.
Baltic Germans in the Russian diplomatic corps was considerable; several became ministers and governors general. 3|Page Population and social structure Systematic pillaging by Russian forces at the time of the Northern War, and the 17101711 plague epidemia, caused a huge demographic catastrophe. It is thought that after the Northern War there left no more than 150 000170 000 Estonians. The early 18th-century post-war crisis marked the lowest ebb in the Estonian population. But due to a high natural population growth and partly also to immigration, the number of Estonians began to rise rapidly. In 1725, the Estonian population was 220 000, in 1765, 400 000 and in 1858, 750 000. Throughout the period, Estonia was mainly an agrarian society. The townspeople formed a modest 5 per cent of the whole population. By 1782, their number had grown to 23 000
....7 10. History..........................................................................................................8 11. Conclusion....................................................................................................9 12. References....................................................................................................10 Introduction I chose finland because there are friendly people and beautiful nature. Finland is bigger than Estonia. There lives over 5 milj. people. Finland capital is Helsingi and there lives about 2 milj. people. Highest top is 1328m. Finland is bordersed with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east and Norway to the north. It is the eight largest city in Europe. Most Finns speak Finnish. The second language is Swedish. Finland is rated the sixth most peaceful country in the World. In Finland there are more than 60000 lakes. Capital: Helsinki
centuries, when the city enjoyed membership of the powerful Hanseatic Trading League. Generally speaking these two districts are now collectively referred as the Old Town. The Town wall and towers Medieval fortresses, which emerged during the development of the medieval town at the end of the 13th century, surrounded the city centre as a closed defence zone. By the 16th century, Tallinn's defence system was one of the most powerful in Northern Europe. The city wall was three meters thick, sixteen meters high, and four kilometres long, completely encircling the city with 46 defence towers. The portion of the wall that has survived is two kilometres long, encompassing 26 of the original towers. Three towers and a section of the town wall surrounding the Old Town are open to the public and can be visited by anyone with a sense of adventure. Tallinn Old Town is changing fast with widespread renovations, but it has kept its charm. Many of
Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Ottawa Capital 45°24N 75°40W / 45.4°N 75.667°W / 45 Largest city Toronto Capital, Largest City Since the end of the last glacial period, Canada has consisted of eight distinct forest regions, including extensive boreal forest on the Canadian Shield Canada has more lakes than any other country, containing much of the world's fresh water Geography There are also freshwater glaciers in the Canadian Rockies and the Coast Mountains Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex The volcanic eruption of the Tseax Cone in 1775 was among Canada's worst
Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus that stretched from the Indus river in India up to the South of France until its collapse in 750, a year in which the west of the empire gained its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I with the creation of the Emirate of Córdoba. After almost two centuries, the Emirate turned into the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929 until its dissolution a century later in 1031 to no less than 23 small kingdoms, called Taifa kingdoms. The governors of the taifas proclaimed themselves each Emir of his province and established diplomatic relations with the Christian Kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemera taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell within the dominion of the Taifa of Seville of the Abbadids poets.
Both proponents and opponents of the invasion criticized the prosecution of the war effort along a number of other lines. Most significantly, critics have assaulted the U.S. and its allies for not devoting enough troops to the mission, not planning for post-invasion Iraq, and for allowing widespread human rights abuses. As the war progressed, critics also railed against the high human and financial costs. The financial cost of the war was more than £4.55 billion ($9 billion) to the U.K., and over $845 billion to the U.S., the total cost to the U.S. economy estimated at $3 trillion. Conduction The information about this theme was comparatively easy to find, especially thanks to the recently publicised documents about the Iraq War by the Wikileaks. Before that the Iraq War was one of the most classified event in the U.S history with over 300000 classified documents. I got a
If an atom of lower average binding energy is changed into an atom of higher average binding energy, energy is given off. What is nuclear fusion? Nuclear fusion is the process by which multiple like- charged atomic nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus. It is accompanied by the release or absorption of energy. Iron and nickel nuclei have the largest binding energies per nucleon of all nuclei. The fusion of two nuclei with lower mass than iron generally releases energy while the fusion of nuclei heavier than iron absorbs energy; vice- versa for the reverse process, nuclear fission. In the simplest case of hydrogen fusion, two protons have to be brought close enough for their mutual electric repulsion to be overcome by the nuclear force and the subsequent release of energy. Nuclear fusion occurs naturally in stars. Artificial fusion in human enterprises has also been achieved, although not yet completely controlled
A.D., it is more accepted by historians that the Romans were the first. The settlement was called Londinium. The first London lasted for just seventeen years, for around AD 61, a tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground. The next heavily-planned London prospered and surpassed Colchester (another major city at the time) as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. However, by the 3 rd century, the city fell into a decline due to trouble in the Roman Empire and by the 5th century, it was largely abandoned. But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee.
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose
from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. [5] Picture 1. The main influences on the development of the English language 1
diverse and episodic experiences may be assembled into a mobile lifestyle that offers a unique sense of identity to its adherents and forms a recognisable social identity within a broader social matrix. Indeed, lifestyle travel is a phenomenon that illustrates a de-differentiation of everyday life and tourist experiences, a process that Uriely (2005) identifies as characteristic of tourism in late modernity. But rather than tourism permeating everyday places where individuals reside, through, for instance, simulated environments and virtual reality, lifestyle travellers make tourism an everyday practice through the ongoing physical mobility of backpacking. Although Pearce and Lee (2007) do refer to ‘travel career patterns’ to try to encapsulate how tourists may develop across time, lifestyle travel is distinctly not akin to career, which metaphorically implies a logic of production. As such, Uriely et al
also belong to New Zealand domains. According to antropologists' statements New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island constitute the Polynesian Triangle. The currency used in New Zealand is dollar (NZD). The present head of state is HM Queen Elizabeth II and the prime minister is John Key. Area. Population. Climate The total area is 268,680 km² and the population is approximately 4,266,000. The density of population is about 16.1/km2. New Zealand's area is a bit smaller than Italy's or Japan's but bigger than England's. The biggest of New Zealand's islands is South Island. On the South Island there are 18 mountains that are higher than 3000m. The highest mountain is Cook mountain - it's 3754m high. North Island isn't as mountainous as South Island but it's volcanic. The highest mountain there is Ruapehu mountain - it's 2797m high and currently active. The landscape of New Zealand is very popular with making movies and TV-
markets. Crucially for Ukraine's survival, between 2001 and 2008, as metals and chemicals prices boomed on the back of fast international economic growth while the price of gas imported from Russia remained low, terms of trade improved by 50 percent. Monetization also helped to drive this boom, as the ratio of credit to GDP grew extremely fast--from 7 to almost 80 percent over just several years. 7 In less than a decade, Ukraine leaped from an economy not based on money to having a banking sector comparable in relative size to that of many well-established market economies. Credit was at last available, and not only from state-controlled and other politically connected banks, but from reputable foreign banks channeling easy international liquidity to Ukraine as they did to other emerging economies. From 2000 to 2007, Ukraine's real growth averaged 7.4 percent and was thus very similar to Russia's
Australia Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent, yet also the smallest and the driest of all the continents. It's almost the same size as continental USA, being the sixth largest country in the world. It's also the oldest some of the rocks are more than 3,000 million years old. Australia is often called `Down Under', because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, its seasons are the opposite of ours. Australia, Tasmania and a number of smaller islands form the Commonwealth of Australia. Because of the country's great size, the climate in Australia ranges from tropical regions of the Northern Territory to the cool temperate conditions in the southeast and Tasmania, where it often snows in winter.
Chernobyl disaster Outline • What happened? • Elimination of the consequences • The Exclusion Zone • Conclusion • Quiz • Reference list What happened? • The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine (then officially the Ukrainian SSR). An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe. • The Chernobyl disaster was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history in terms of cost and casualties, and is one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale (the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011). • The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater catastrophe ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an
It's about 1,600 kilometers from Australia and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. New Zealand's total land area is 268,021 square kilometers. The country extends more than 1600 kilometers along its main,north - north-east axis and has about 15,000 kilometers of coastline. The South Island is the largest land mass of New Zealand and is divided along its lenght by the Southern Alps and the highest mountain Mount Cook is 3,754 meters high. There are 18 peaks over 3000 meters in the South Island. The highest North Island mountain is Mount Ruapehu and it is an active cone volcano. There are also two other volcanoes in the centre of the North Island. Cook Strait, 20 kilometers wide at its narrowest point, separates the North and South Islands. The climate throughout the country is mild and temperate, mainly maritime, with temperatures rarely falling below 0 'C or rising above 30 'C in populated areas. its isolation
women to 84 years.; 4.1 percent of Canadians suffer from diabetes.; The average person in Canada watches 14 hours of television per week.; There are around 11.5 million households in Canada. Of these, 6.6 million (57 percent) are detached houses.; Too Many Men In the 15 to 64 age groups, Canada has 101 males for every 100 females. -au - Australia is the only continent without an active volcano; Australia is the lowest continent in the world, with an average height of just 330m above sea level.; Cate Blanchett, born in Sydney; Hugh Jackman, born in Sydney; Eucalyptus was first used as a medicine by Aborigines, to treat coughs, fevers and asthma.; Tasmania was once part of mainland Australia, before the melting of ice caps 12,000 years ago; The first official world surfing championships were held in Sydney in 1964. -nz - NZ supplies 54% of world exports of sheep meat. NZ was the first western democracy to give women the vote
COMPENDIUM ABOUT PRAGUE Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Nicknames for Prague have included Praga mater urbium/Praha matka mst ("Prague Mother of Cities") in Latin/Czech, Stovzatá Praha ("City of a Hundred Spires") in Czech or Zlaté msto/Goldene Stadt ("Golden City") in Czech/German. Situated on the Vltava River in central Bohemia, Prague has been the political, cultural and economic centre of the Czech state for more than 1100 years. For many decades during the Gothic and Renaissance eras, Prague was the permanent seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus was also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. 4 Today, the city proper is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 1.9 million.
peaceful mass meetings. In 1989, 2 million people from the three Baltic countries linked hands in a human chain stretching from Tallinn to Vilnius in Lithuania. Independence was proclaimed(declared) on Aug. 20, 1991.Within weeks Estonia was recognized as a free and independent country On June 20, 1992, the kroon replaced the rouble. In September 1992 Estonians elected their first president and parliament in more than 50 years. On 14 September 200 In May 1993, the Council of Europe voted Estonia a full member. On May, 1, 2004 Estonia joined the European Union. Wordlist 1. vallutama Eestit 2. pärinema 12 sajandist 3. ühinema millegagi 4. nõudma iseseisvust 5. rahareform 6. välja saatma Siberisse 7. ,,metsavennad" 8. ulatuma Tallinnast vilniusesse 9. välja kuulutama iseseisvust 10. tunnustama 11. Kroon asendas rubla 12. valima presidenti ja parlamenti 13. hääletama 14
Geothermal energy Biomass energy Renewable energy Renewable energy comes from sources that naturally renew, or will not run out in our lifetimes. Includes sunlight, wind, water, geothermal heat and various forms of biomass. Renewable energy cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. Does not harm the environment. Saves money. Solar energy Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable. Every hour the sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy use has surged at about 20 percent a year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and gains in efficiency. Solar energy is inexhaustible. Noise free. Does not harm the environment. Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
Black nights film festival http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/fpage/events/newwinprint/ Beerfestival ( Õllesummer) The beer festival "Õllesummer" is one of the largest festivals in the region--bringing together 80,000 people each year. Õllesummer is located in the Tallinn Song Festival grounds which is located 15 minutes walking time from the center of the city. The program includes Estonian bands and international acts as well featuring over a 100 concerts on more than 10 stages. Õllesummer is a friendly, safe and joyful event that attracts many tourists and visitors of Tallinn. Next Õllesummer festival will take place between 8-12 July 2009 in Tallinn Song Festival Grounds and offers again a huge variety of Estonian and International artists, special projects for the whole family. Beer culture plays a basic role in Õllesummer the festival has its origins in a beer festival and up to this day more than a
legislation is considered to be more appropriate for a certain issue. The programmes of legislation enacted by the Scottish Parliament have seen a divergence in the provision of public services compared to the rest of the United Kingdom. For instance, the costs of a university education, and care services for the elderly are free at point of use in Scotland, while fees are paid in the rest of the UK. Scotland was the first country in the UK to ban smoking in enclosed public places. The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament Building The Scottish Parliament is a unicameral legislature comprising 129 Members, 73 of whom represent individual constituencies and are elected on a first past the post system; 56 are elected in eight different electoral regions by the additional member system, serving for a four year period. The Queen appoints one Member of the Scottish Parliament, (MSP), on the nomination of the Parliament, to be First Minister. Other
In 1788 on the 26th of January the first fleet arrived at Botany Bay and established a penal colony near modern-day Sydney. Geographical Position Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It’s the only continent except for Antarctica that is all south of equator. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent. There is a great reason why. It really is an island. It is 2880 km from the mainland of Asia and is almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 9 600 km separates it from America. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Timor Sea and the Arafura Sea separate Australia from Indonesia. In the north the coast is washed by Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast the Coral Sea washes the coasts and in the southeast there is the Tasman Sea which also separates Australia from New Zealand. The biggest island is Tasmania which is located to the south of the country.
How sugar made it to Europe. Sweetness in older than sugar. Europeans and others have respected sugar for thousands of years. Prior to knowing sugar, our ancestors used honey and other sweet ingredients which were used as sweeteners. We know all that thanks to Mediterranean antique culture writings and bareljeefs . Oldest known sweetener is honey. In Arãna caves there are 12000
6 million hectares. There are many lakes in American for example Lake Michigan or Lake Hudson. There are also many rivers for example the longest river is Mississippi which is one of the longest rivers in the world. There are really big mountain ranges like the Rocky Mountains. Also there are several deserts like Arizona desert. In USA the climate is really multifarious. It includes most of the climate types, like in one point in America there can be more than 30 degrees warm and in other point there can be -20 degrees. The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species. About 91,000 insect species have been described. Satellite image showing topography of the contiguous United States 7 The people of the United States of America There are over 300 million people living in America
The Indians taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and grow food. Because of this help from Indians, the pilgrims had a good harvest that year. Governor William Bradford invited the Indians to a feast. It lasted three days. They ate, danced, sang, ran races, whistled. This was called thanksgiving day. On October 3, 1863 Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national thanksgiving. Many of the traditions of the modern American thanksgiving come from that first thanksgiving celebration more than 300 years ago. People eat squash, corn, turkey, Indian pudding and pumpkin pie. Thanksgiving is a four-day holiday. Schools are closed on thanksgiving, and grownups don't work. People spend the holiday among family. 5) MICHAEL FARADAY Michael Faraday was a physics and chemist. he was born in 1791. He was a son of blacksmith. He invented many things, which are used nowadays. He made important discoveries. Young Faraday was apprenticed to a bookbinder was allowed to read books there
Their daughter, Chelsea, was born in 1980. In November 1980, Bill Clinton was defeated in his bid of reelection. Bill Clinton returned to the governor's office two years later by winning the election of 1982. During her husband's campaign, Rodham began to use the name Hillary Clinton, or sometimes Mrs. Bill Clinton. Clinton continued to practice law with the Rose Law Firm while she was First Lady of Arkansas. She earned less than the other partners, as she billed fewer hours, but still made more than $200,000 in her final year there. Clinton served on the boards of the Arkansas Children's Hospital Legal Services (1988-1992) and the Children's Defence Fund. In addition to her positions with nonprofit organizations, she also held positions on the corporate board of directors of TCBY, Wal-Mart Stores and Lafarge. Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart's board, added following pressure on chairman Sam Walton to
Country by country this idea started to spread. Active people in many countries have joined to clean up their countries in one day. In Latvia (210,000), Lithuania (250,000), Portugal (100,000), Slovenia (270,000), Romania (250,000), Albania (147,000), Hungary (200,000), Bulgaria (375,000), Ukraine (500,000), India (54,000), the Philippines (28,000) and in many other countries massive Let’s Do It! cleanups for a clean planet have been taking place. With more than 100 countries on board we have set ourselves a new challenge – to join the world for a massive cleanup day in 2018. On September 15, 2018, World Cleanup Day, people in 150 countries will stand up against the global trash problem and clean up waste, making it the biggest positive civic action the world has seen. Imagine a powerful “green wave” starting in Japan and ending in Hawaii with hundreds of millions of people taking positive action together on the very same day.
approximately 1 million people. On the other hand English in comparison to Estonian is a very young language. According to Wikipeia online dictionary, English is an Anglo-Frisian language brought to south-eastern Great Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany (Saxons, Angles). Estonian in comparison is a language that has been spoken in the area of present day Estonia for more than 4000 years, Meri (1976). 4 First links Although written evidence of regular links between Estonia and England date back only into the beginning of the 20 th century, it is clear that there have been links also earlier. These contacts might be very old. During Hanseatic times the trade on the Baltic Sea was quite active. The links might be even older. Historians have claimed
The Galapagos Islands are situated on junctions between several shifting tectonic plates on the equator and about 1000 km off the Pacific coast of Ecuador. They are the product of one of the most volcanically active regions on our planet, a hot spot is situated directly beneath the islands and also It is the point where major ocean currents meet. These circumstances combine to make an area that truly is like no other place on earth. Galapagos is comprised of 13 major islands, more than 120 smaller islets and rocks, and the surrounding ocean. The total land mass is almost 8,000 sq. km. Highest peak is Wolf Volcano reaching 1707m. The present islands are all younger than 4 million years and were formed separately from other land masses as a result of volcanic eruptions. The Galapagos were discovered in 1535 by Fray Toms de Berlanga, the Bishop of Panama. He was sailing from Panama to Peru when he accidentally discovered the islands
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