END.PERFORM. NelBlOS ' NetBlOS (Network Ba6ic lnput/Outpui Systm), V6imaldab seansi ia dalagramma tuupi uhendu6t, pakub I 8tt9-1 95 ILudwig Witfgcnstcir EXIT PROGRAM, nimeleenust I LISP HTML: Teksti paigutamise / lehe kujundamise keel l93lt shilntror'i nugistritd6 sidus: Booie algebra. Eleklilliilirid.ia -skcemid. Bitid.ja info kodcerirnise. Info otsin
programm, mille tehnoloogia põhines vaakumtorudel 1950 ERA esimene avalikult esitletud arvuti 1951 UNIVAC I esimene arvuti, mis võitis avalikkuse tähelepanu 1962 võidab esimest korda programm inimest kabemängus. 1952 Heinz Nixdorf asutas Nixdorf Computer corp. Saksamaal hiljem 1990 ühines Siemensiga 1953 esimene elektrooniline arvuti 701 1954 Texas Instruments teatab silikoon transistorite tootmisest Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1955 and 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert Simon and J. C. Shaw.Newell, Simon and Shaw went on to construct the General Problem Solver, or GPS. The first version of GPS ran in 1957 1955 William Shockley leiutab Shockley pooljuhi 1956 IBM leiutab esimese kõvaketta RAMAC 305 5 MB 1956 valmib esimene transistorpõhine arvuti 1957 Fortran (Formula Translator) 1960 IBM avab masstootmishoone; AT&T esimene avalikult müüdav modem; COBOL üks vanimatest
tõesed järeldused. Deduktsiooniks nimetatakse ka deduktiivse arutluse esitamist või arutlemist, mida vaadeldakse deduktiivset arutlust järgivana. 5 3. 1947 Bell Telephone Laboratories, William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen demonstrate their new invention of the point-contact transistor amplifier. Punkt-kontakt transistor võimendi. 1949 Maurice Wilkes assembled the EDSAC, the first practical stored-program computer, at Cambridge University. 1950 Engineering Research Associates of Minneapolis built the ERA 1101, the first commercially produced computer; the company's first customer was the U.S. Navy. 1951 The UNIVAC I delivered to the U.S. Census Bureau was the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine often was mistakenly referred to as the "IBM UNIVAC." Remington Rand eventually sold 46
Sissejuhatus infotehnoloogiasse 1. Loeng Algoritm on täpne samm-sammuline, kuid mitte tingimata formaalne juhend millegi tegemiseks. Näited: a. Toiduretsept. b. Juhend ruutvõrrandi lahendamiseks Algoritmiline probleem - probleem, mille lahenduse saab kirja panna täidetavate juhendite loeteluna. Programm on formaalses, üheselt mõistetavas keeles kirja pandud algoritm. Arvutid suudavad täita ainult programme. Analoogsüsteem andmeid salvestatakse (peegeldatakse) proportsionaalselt Näit: termomeeter, vinüülplaat, foto Digitaalsüsteem (pidevad) andmed lõhutakse üksikuteks tükkideks, mis salvestatakse eraldi Näit: CD, arvutiprogramm, kiri tähtede ja bittidena Ühelt teisele: digitaliseerimine The three major comparisons of computers are: Electronic computers versus Mechanical computers
1845-1918 elas, Hulgateooria: Georg Cantor. 1989 – inteli 80486, AOL(America online) Applile 7.smto,python Pea silmas, et: arvuti suudab täita ainult masinkoodis programme. On olemas kaks ja MACile. Python!! Python põhivarianti keeles X programmi 1920…Enigma kodeerimiseks – Saksa täitmiseks.Kompileerimine: masinkoodis
Programm on kommunikatsioonivahendid.2.Loob liidese failidele 1822 Babbage,Ada Lovelace(I programmeerija). Eestis 90a epost,USENET formaalses, üheselt mõistetavas keeles kirja ja riistvararessurssidele.3.Seostab kõik protsessid, pandud algoritm. Arvutid suudavad täita ainult failid jm omanikuga ja piirab protsesside 1837 Morse elektritelegraaf. 1990 TBL browser NeXTil,HTML ja www, programme..Analoogsüsteem - andmeid pöördumise failide/ressursside poole vastavalt
Mõtestatud tekst koosneb kas (a) loogika ja matemaatika formaalsetest väidetest või (b) konkreetsete teadusharude fakte esitavatest lausetest. Igasugusel fakti esitaval väitel on sisu ainult siis, kui on võimalik öelda, kuidas selle väite kehtivust kontrollida. Metafüüsilised väited, mis ei lange punktide 1 ja 2 alla, on sisutud. Kõik moraali, esteetikat ja religiooni käsitlevad väited on mittekontrollitavad ja mõttetud. 1945 Konrad Zuse began work on Plankalkul (plan Calculus). The first algorithmic programming language, with an aim of creating the theoretical preconditions for the formulation of problems of a general nature. John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC." Grace Hopper recorded the first actual computer "bug." 1946 In February, the public got its first glimpse of the ENIAC, a machine built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert that improved by 1,000 times on the speed of its contemporaries.
ABC computer 1939-1942 , Atanasoff-Berry esimene elektronarvuti Esimene transistor - 1947 EDSAC 1949, esimene praktiline stored-program arvuti, programmid olid aukudega peberiribadel ERA 1101 1950 ESIMENE KOMMERTS-TOOTMISES ARVUTI, hoidis bitte magneetilises trumlis, lõpuks suutsid kuni 4000 sõna hoida UNIVAC I 1951 Esimene kommerts-tootmises arvutis, mis äratas suurt tähelepanu, 46 masinat müüdi, 1 million dollarit tükk, Remington Rand tootis Prinz´s chess program -1951 Stratchey checkers program 1952 IBM saadab välja oma esimese elektroonilise arvuti 1953, nimi: (IBM) 701 Texas Instruments alustab silikon-transistoride kommerts-tootmist 1954 Shockley Semiconductor 1955 asutati Arthur Samuel 1955, õpetas Stratchey programmi põhjal tehtud programmi ise õppima, 1962 võitis see programm Connecticuti tsempionit ühe korra ja siis sai 6 korda järjest pähe. IBM toodab/arendab esimese kõvaketta 1956, 5MB mälu FORTRAN 1957, IBM
1889-1951Ludwig Wittgenstein. 1938, Shannon'i magistritöö sidus: Boole algebra. Elektrilülitid ja -skeemid. Bitid ja info kodeerimise. Info otsimise algoritmid.1939-1942 Atanasoff. esimene elektronarvuti?1939-44 Mark I (Aiken) IBMi elektriline(releed)digitaalne arvuti(5t).1941-1944:Konrad Zuse. Z3, Z4. Releedega digitaalarvuti.1948 I transistor(Shockley)- müüma hakkas Bell Corp.1949 - Maurice Wilkes koostas EDSAC, the first practical stored-program computer, at Cambridge University.1950 ERA 1101(I kommerts comp);ALGOL 58/60: Hoare, Perlis, Dijkstra, Kurtz, ..., Kotli;BCPL derivative of ALGOL (Strachey);B simplified derivative of BCPL (Ken Thompson);C derivative of B (Dennis & Ritchie).1952 - Nixdorf Computer Corp, liitus 1990 Siemensiga. 1953 - IBMi first electronic computer, the 701, Speedcoding: John Backus. 1956 - IBM develops the first hard disk, the RAMAC 305(math 5mb).
Bit Eksam/ EksamBitt 1 or 0 Byte Eksam/ EksamBait 8 Bits Kilobait Eksam(KB) 1 024 Bytes Megabait Eksam(MB) 1 024 KB kuidas Eksamtähti Eksamkodeeritakse: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchain) 8bit = 16 * 8 = 128 märki EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) 8bit, IBM UNICODE (Extended ASCII) (utf-8), 1Byte for first 128, up to 4B for the rest~143 859 märki algoritm Eksam- Eksamtäpne samm-sammuline juhend millegi tegemiseks programm Eksam- Eksamformaalses üheselt mõistetavas keeles kirja pandud algoritm Ajaloost: Kreeka Eksamloogikud Parmenides (5 sajand e.m.a.) : kasutas pikki loogilisi põhjendusi. Zenon EksamEleast (5 sajand e.m.a.) -apooriad/paradoksid Sofistid -Sokrates (470-399 e.m.a) -Platon (428/427 -348/347 e.m.a)
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR Available Bit Rate
XX sajand elektronarvuti sünd ARVUTITE KOLM PÕLVKANDA II. Põlvkond transistor arvutid I. põlvkond lamparvutid III. Põlvkond integraalskeemidel põhinevad arvutid Tarkvara areng koos põlvkondadega I Jäiga ühe programmi täitmisega II multitöö ja katkestused, programmeerimiskeeled III OS keerukad programmeerimiskeeled ja andmebaasid IBM 701 1952 1958 Invention of the IC by Jack Kilbyat Texas Instruments IBM 360-40 1964 First microprocessor: Intel 4004 1971 The first commercial 4-bit microprocessor 4004: -2,300 transistors -10 µm features -10 mm2 die -108 kHz kHz 1974... Intel releases its 2MHz 8080 chip, an 8bit microprocessor. It can access 64KB of memory. It uses 6000 transistors, based on 6micron technology. Speed is 0.64 MIPS. In a desperate act to save his failing calculator company, MITS company owner Ed Roberts begins building a small
1. variant: 1) Mis kümnendil tehti transistor? Kas oskad nimetada ühe transistori tegija nime? 1947 a -William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John 7) Kus kohas kasutatakse algoritmi Minimax (või selle varianti Alpha-Beta)? Mida see Bardeedemonstrate algoritm teeb? 2) Mis firma hakkas esimesena tegema SQL andmebaase A minimax algorithm[3] is a recursive algorithm for choosing the next move in an n- vms? 1970 IMB player game, usually a two-player game. Valib välja kõige minimaalse ja kasulikuma 3) Mis aastal rajati Intel Corporation? Nimeta yks käigu.
1. nädal • Eksamiks: pead teadma suuruse-numbreid ja mida nad tähendavad: bitt, bait, kilobait, megabait jne; oskad selgitada, kuidas tähti kodeeritakse, mis on algoritm ja mis programm. Ajaloost: Kreeka loogikud, induktsioon, deduktsioon, süllogismid, lausearvutus (pead mh oskama tõeväärtustabelit koostada), Pascal, Leibniz, perfokaardid, kangasteljed, Babbage, Hollerith, colossus ja saksa krüptomasinad, Turing, Shannon, Zuse, esimesed programmeeritavad arvutid. Algoritm – täpne samm-sammuline, kuid mitte tingimata formaalne juhend millegi tegemiseks. Nt toiduretsept, juhend ruutvõrrandi lahendamiseks. Programm – formaalses, üheselt mõistetavas keeles kirja pandud algoritm. Arvutid suudavad täita ainult programme. Bitt – info mõõtmise ühik, tuleb mõistest binary digit – nö kahendarv kahe võimaliku väärtusega 0 ja 1. Saab näidata kahte võimalikku olekut. Nibble - 4 bitti.
provide enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), tax accounting, and general accounting for the small and medium-size enterprise. - Kõigile kättesaadav populaarne tarkvara, mis võimaldab luua ettevõtte ressurssi plaane, klientide suhete haldamist, varustuse haldamist, maksude üleskirjutamist ja muid võimalusi keskmisele ettevõttele. Concurrent Versions System (CVS) – Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a program that lets a code developer save and retrieve different development versions of source code . - Programm, mis võimaldab koodikirjutajal salvestada ja saada erinevaid arendus versioone põhikoodist. CoreOS Linux – CoreOS Linux is an open source operating system (OS) that provides the functionality required to deploy and manage applications within software containers. Based on the Linux kernel. - Kõigile kättesaadav operatsioonisüsteem, mis võimaldab hallata tarkvararakendusi
Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. History of the Internet 1957:The United States Department of Defense formed a small agency called ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) to develop military science and technology. 1961-1965:The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) started to research sharing information in small, phone-linked networks. ARPA is one of their main sponsors. 1966: The first ARPANET plan is unveiled by Larry Roberts of MIT. Packet switching technology is getting off the ground, and small university networks are beginning to be developed.
Most modern PCs also come with external cache memory, called Level 2 (L2) caches. These caches sit between the CPU and the DRAM. Like L1 caches, L2 caches are composed of SRAM but they are much larger. Disk caching works under the same principle as memory caching, but instead of using high- speed SRAM, a disk cache uses conventional main memory. The most recently accessed data from the disk (as well as adjacent sectors) is stored in a memory buffer. When a program needs to access data from the disk, it first checks the disk cache to see if the data is there. Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications, because accessing a byte of data in RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard disk. When data is found in the cache, it is called a cache hit, and the effectiveness of a cache is judged by its hit rate. Many cache systems use a technique known as smart caching, in which
has accounted for 72% of global cumulative shipments, compared to 16% for the GameCube and 12% for the Xbox. NPDFunworld (http://www.npdfunworld.com/) reported that console game sales in 2002 rose by about 20% over the record US$9.4 billion in 2001. Individual game sales are also increasing: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City from Take Two Interactive sold 1 Games Programming with Java and Java 3D an estimated 3 million copies in its first month of release. This game is likely to become the best selling title of 2002, and of all time. 1.2. Console Hardware Since consoles are so central to gaming, it is interesting to consider their capabilities. The PlayStation 2 processor runs with a clock speed of 294 MHz, has 32Mb of RAM, and a separate graphics chip that can render about 66 million polygons per second. The small amount of RAM is an important constraint upon games wishing to use Java.
1. OBJECT-ORIENTED PARADIGM The Model •The model defines an abstract view to the problem. This implies that the model focuses only on problem related stuff and that you try to define properties of the problem. These properties include: 1 •the data which are affected and 2 •the operations which are identified by the problem. Object-oriented Paradigm •Everything is an object •A program is a bunch of objects telling each other what to do by sending messages •Each object has its own memory made up of other objects •Every object has a type •All objects of a particular type can receive the same messages Domain Model •A domain model does not represent the entire domain as it is in the real world. It includes only the concepts that are needed to support the application. Object •Is a partitioned area of memory where object code is stored •The area of memory is protected
koostöö võimaldamine Väiksem jõudlus Teksti põhised ja avatud standardid on ... arendajale arusaadavad Annavad võimaluse erinevate ettevõtete erinevas kohas asuvaid rakendusi ja teenuseid integreerida üheks uueks teenuseks Veebiteenuste taaskasutamise võimalus o Kasutusvõimalused - Web services can be published, found, and used on the Web. SOA arhitektuur kasutab teenuseid. XSD o Mõiste An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document. The XML Schema language is also referred to as XML Schema Definition (XSD). XSD põhjal tekkib XML STANDARDID XSD SOAP WSDL - SOA nurgakivi! XSD XSD - XML Schema Definition XSD kirjeldab XML dokumendi struktuuri – Elemendid (Elements)
autoritasu. Kuigi tehniliselt kasutavad kõik Office'i rakendused nüüd sama ISO- standardi vormi, uute kasutajate mugavuse jaoks otsustati kasutada eraldi nimesid erinevates rakendustes - just nagu neid kasutatakse. Neid on näha faililaienduses: Odt (text) .ods (for spreadsheets), .odp (for presentations) ja nii edasi. (Umbes OpenDocument Format. OpenDocument Format 2014) With ODF the way you store documents does not determine the software you work with. Files in the OpenDocument Format (ODF) are platform independent and do not rely on any specific piece of software whatsoever. Every software maker can implement without having to pay royalties. Although technically behind the scenes all Office applications now use the same ISOstandardized format, for the convenience of new users is was chosen to use separate names for the different applications just like they are used to. You recognize these by their "extensions": .odt (text)
Samuel: 1952, esimene AI programm(kabe) Shockley semiconductor: 1955, William Shockley -----> Fairchild Semiconductors 1957 Fortran: 1957, FORmula TRANslator, proge keel mis kasutab loope Sage: 1958, sõjaväe radarivõrk Texas instruments: 1954 - esimesed silikon transistorid, hiljem integraal skeem. Integraalskeem: 1958, Kilby, esimesed integraalskeemid Cobol: 1960, common business oriented language Lisp: 1960, AI jaoks proge keel Pdp-1: 1960, esimene ekraaniga arvuti, DEC poolt tehtud System 360: 1964, IBM, arvuti Moore’i seadus: Transistorite arv kiibis double’b iga 2 aastaga Intel: 1968, Gordon Moore Amd: 1969, Sanders Engelbart: Arvuti hiir Unix: 1969, AT&T UNIX op systeem Esimene mikroprotsessor: 1971, 4004 microprocessor, esimene protsessor
There are two manuals describing the setup and operation of the CPM1A: the CPM1A Operation Manual (this manual) and the CPM1/CPM1A/CPM2A/ CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) Programming Manual (W353). This manual describes the system configuration and installation of the CPM1A and provides a basic explanation of operating procedures for the Programming Consoles. It also introduces the capabilities of the SYSMAC Support Software (SSS). Read this manual first to acquaint yourself with the CPM1A. The CPM1/CPM1A/CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) Programming Manual (W353) provides detailed descriptions of the CPM1A’s programming functions. The SYSMAC Support Software Operation Manu- als: Basics and C-series PCs (W247 and W248) provide descriptions of SSS operations for the CPM1A and other SYSMAC C-series PCs. The SYSMAC-CPT Support Software Quick Start Guide (W332) and
järgmise ruuterini. Kiirus sõltub edastusmeediast ja jääb vahemikku 2*10^8 – 3*10^8 m/s. Kui d on kahe ruuteri vaheline kaugus ja s edastuskiirus, siis viide on d/s. Millisekundites. 14. Arvutivõrkude ja interneti ajalugu * 1961 – 1972 – the development of packet switching. 1961 – Kleinrock – queuing theory shows effectiveness of packet-switching 1964 – Baran – packet-switching in military nets 1967 – ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969 – first ARPAnet node operational 1972 – ARPAnet demonstrated publicly, first e-mail program * 1972 – 1980 – Internetworking, new and proprietary nets 1970 – ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii 1973 – Metcalfe’s PhD thesis proposes Ethernet 1974 – Cerf and Kahn – architecture for interconnecting networks * 1980 – 1990 – new protocols, a poliferation of networks 5
The idea of an intelligent information rich building model is not new. The identity of BIM dates back nearly 30 years, while the terminology of the “Building Information Model” has been in circulation for at least 15 years. Mass production and standardization that dominated the 20th century steel industry, is now, as a result of the proliferation of 3D computer aided design and manufacturing tools, turning into mass customization. The first notable steel structure to utilize 3D modeling was a copper-clad fish sculpture designed by Frank Gehry for Barcelona’s 1992 Olympic village. A key reason for Gehry’s adaptation of digital tools was the increasingly difficult task of describing the innovative new designs to the contractor. His complex three-dimensional forms, when represented in traditional two-dimensional plans, 2D sections, and 2D elevations appear to be even more complex (Lindsey, 2001).
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was thought that the loud explosions would protect them
3. Mis on Oracle Java virtuaalmasina (JVM) nimi? Kes ei tea, kukub ainest läbi :) JRE Java Runtime Environment – java programmi käivitamiseks JDK – Java Development Kit - arendusvahend java programmi arendamiseks 4. Tüübiteisendus - milleks vajalik, kuidas kasutatakse? Fruit a = new Apple(); Alamtüüp. Deklareeritud tüüp -- Loodud tüüp.Millist tüüpi deklareerida? - Eelistada alati üldisemat tüüpi Alamtüüpi objekti same alati kasutada ülemtüübina(implicit casting). Apple b = new Apple(); Fruit c =b; Vastupidine tegevus nõuab selget teisendust(explicit casting) Allateisendus: Muudate objekti tüüpi kui teil on teada, et mingi (laiemat) tüüpi objekt on tegelikult kitsamat tüüpi. Fruit a = new Apple(); JVM loob objekti ja unustab ,et see loodi Apple´st Deklareerime, et a on Fruit tüüpi. Kui soovime a-d uuesti Apple-na kasutada, peame tegema allateisenduse: Apple d = (Apple) a; 5. Olgu antud suvaline objekt. Millist tüüpi see teoreetiliselt võib olla?
taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary: to criticize - tasteless overcooked - ingredient - to invent - sauces - to disguise - spice herb - delicious - disappointing - to lend
C o clou o l d I T opportu I 0 Academic essay (ITI0103) 2019 spring Introduction “Data is Everything and Everyone is Data. “[1] The ability to collect, organize, structure and analyse data on a large scale is probably the most significant trait that sets us, humans, apart from our primate friends. [1] To comprehend the opportunities and threats regarding big data located within the cloud, one must first realize the essence of them. Big data is not only what its name says, but it is also so much more. What is Big data? Big data is a term, which is used to describe a broad spectrum of concepts: from the technological ability to collect, aggregate, and process data, to the cultural shift that is pervasively invading industry and society, both drowning in information overload. [2] Big data can be described by the following properties: - Volume
Moreover, it provides a useful vehicle for communicating the architecture to non-technical audiences, such as management, marketing, and users. Logical Architecture In Logical Architecture, the externally visible properties of the components are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which component developers and component users can work in relative independence. Logical Architecture. Model System Behavior Execution Architecture An Execution Architecture is created for distributed or concurrent systems. The process view shows the mapping of components onto the processes of the physical system, with attention being focused on such concerns as throughput and scalability. The deployment view shows the mapping of (physical) components in the executing system onto the nodes of the physical system. Architecture views 2
HECHO EN CHICAGO, U.S.A. SIGNET, SIGNET CLASSICS, SIGNETTE, MENTOR AND PLUME BOOKS are published by The New American Library, Inc., 1301 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019 FIRST PRINTING, FEBRUARY, 1973 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA To my Parents and my Grandmother Contents A Note on the Abridged Version Preface A Few Words 1. One Day of Magic: I 2. One Day of Magic: II 3. The First 3,000 Years 4. The Rise of the West 5. On the Origin of a Species 6. The Era of the Black Chambers 7. The Contribution of the Dilettantes 8. Room 40 9. A War of Intercepts 10. Two Americans 11. Secrecy for Sale 12. Duel in the Ether: I 13. Duel in the Ether: II 14. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 15. The Scrutable Orientals 16. PYCCKAJI Kranrojioras 17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index
Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Consultant: Roode Liias- Professor and Dean, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology Title: Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling Archived: University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Construction ABSTRACT This research can be divided into two. The first part investigates the current state of the construction industry, while the second part looks at new emerging business models in particular, Lean Construction (LC) and Building Information Modelling (BIM), as well as an integration of these two. Given that the construction industry does not have a particularly good reputation among the public, the first part of this thesis focuses mainly on this problem and its sources. It is the reason why we need
uses forced signal bit transitions in signal receiver clock synchronized to signal by DPLL requires disconnected from the link). The IM mode is different from the operations modes in > Operation of LLCLLC uses underlying MAC layer to forced signal transitions in signal (e.g. bit stuffing) that the secondary station's data link control program is in need of communicate with endpointby passing parameters specifying · Clock Encoding and extraction regeneration or it is in need of an exchange of parameters to be used in an network address and all thedata.a) local confirm: whether request Bipolar encoding: uses RZ (Return to Zero) signal · uses 3 signal levels: +V, 0, -V · `1' encoded by operational mode
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