Test VIII - cumulative test by Piigli, Mets, Parker, Kauler "Top delusion" question / answers are red. Test I The induction machines are associated with the names of Dolivo - Dobrovolsky, Tesla. The synchronous machines are associated with the name of Ferraris. The DC machines are associated with the names of Jacobi and Henry. The electromagnetic torque is born in air gap. The torque is proportional to the current in dc motor. Which equations are correct? P = sW; oomega = tuletis fii'st The angular frequency is 2*pi()*n / 60 ja 2*pi()f The motor torque is equal to TL + J * oomega tuletis aja järgi The inductor supplies the motor with flux. The leading companies in the world market of electrical drive engineering are: Mitsubishi. The energy balance is described by energy conservation law. The armature supplies the motor with current. The cheapest and the most reliable is induction motor.
-(linear) synchronous 2. What types of motors have the dc excitation? - 3. What types of motors have the permanent magnet excitation? -synchronous, DC 4. What types of motors have the dc supply? -DC, synchronous 5. What types of motors have the slip rings? -induction 6. What types of motors are the brushless motors? -DC, synchronous 7. What orthogonal reference frames do you know? -(,)stator; (d,q)rotor;(x,y)arbitrary 8. What natural reference frames do you know? -3 phase 9. What stationary reference frames do you know? -stator 10. Write the frequency equilibriums that you know. -induction:w1=w2+w12;synchronous:w1=w12;DC:w2=-w12 11. What is the result of the mutual motion of the stator and rotor windings? -torque??? 12. What variables does the flux depend on? -L12 I12? L ja I 13. Write the formulae of the synchronous speed. -2*pii*f1/p 14. Write the formulae of the motor speed. -2*pii*n/60 15
225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Newnes publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.newnespress.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ix Introduction xi 1 System Design 1 Dynamic Range 1 Calibration 2 Bandwidth 5 Processor Throughput 6 Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 1 on General Course of Electrical Drive SENSORLESS DRIVE POWER FLEX (ALLEN BRADLEY) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram 2. Tables of observations Task Operation/Record Observation 1 Reverse the motor speed. How long Time to reverse was 16 does the motor reverse
Ticket No1 1)The characteristic is called output characteristic or volt-ampere charateristic of a Rectifier Diode. 2)Rectifier Diode. 3) A is called Anode and C is called Cathode. An Anode has positive potential and therefore collects electrons in the device. Cathode has negative potential and therefore emits electrons to anode. The symbol looks like an arrow that ponts from the anode to the cathode, and reminds that conventional current flows easily from the p side(anode) to the n side(cathode). BIASING. Forward biasing. If the current in a diode is too large, excessive heat will destroy the device. Even approaching the burnout current value without reaching it can shorten its life. Therefore manufacturer's data sheet specifies the maximum forward current, that diode can withstand. This average current IF is the rate a diode can handle up to the forward direction when used as a rectifier
Microcontroller homework for week 12 1. Three different stepper motors (illustrations on page 162-163): · permanent-magnet, · variablereluctance, · hybrid. The VR stepper has a soft iron rotor with teethand a wound stator. As current is applied to two opposing stator coils, the rotor is pulled into alignment with these twocoils. As the next pair of coils is energized, the rotor advances to the next position. The permanent magnet (PM) stepper has a rotor with alternating north and south. As the coils are energized, the rotor is pulled around. This figure shows a single coil to illustrate the concept, but a realstepper would have stator windings surrounding the rotor. The PM stepper has more torque than an equivalent VR stepper.
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 4 on General Course of Electrical Drive INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE (LUCAS-NÜLLE) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram Nameplate data: Loading Machine SO3636- VDE 0530 IP:5 Is.KL: 6V 4 F U: 390V I: 4,4 A 4Nm/1.7k cos: W
2852V Error = 2,3V – 2.2852 = 0,0148V Question 5 A digital multimeter is designed to have a readout with four decimal digits. How many bits will be required in its ADC? MAX = 9999 213 = 8192 214 = 16384 (too many digits) 13 Bit will be required in ts ADC. Question 6 Draw a circuit diagram of a 2 bit flash ADC using only resistors, comparators and NAND gates. Question 7 Given the following dual-slope ADC: a) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-up phase? 𝑅𝐶 𝑡𝑢𝑝 = − ∙ 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −400𝜇𝑠 𝑉𝑖𝑛 The run-up phase takes 400 μs. b) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-down phase? 𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 = (𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∙ 𝑡𝑢𝑝 )/ −𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0,001 = 1𝑚𝑠 The run-down phase takes 1 ms. Question 8 What is the typical performance in terms of THD at a frequency of 500 kHz of: a) MAX1200 pipeline ADC
76 term comes from quantization error in an ideal ADC 4. THD - Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the root-sum-square of its harmonics (generally, only the first 5 harmonics are significant). 5. SFDR- Spurious free dynamic range is the ratio of the rms value of the signal to the rms value of the worst spurious signal (fake signal) regardless of where it falls in the frequency spectrum. 6. Channels relate to the inputs of the ADC can either be multiplexed or individually selected. 7. Linearity relates to how well a ADC follows a linear function. All ADCs are to a certain extend non-linear. 8. All ADC are depended on temperature, operating temperature is defined as the temperature at which the ADC functions correctly. 9. Power dissipation refers to the amount power dissipated when the ADC is operational. Question 2 Output Code = 001111012
83V? 101011101101100 Question 4. What is the value of the quantization error between an input voltage of 2.3V and quantized voltage with the output code word equal to 011101012 using an 8 bit ADC with 5V reference? 0.01484375V Question 5. A digital multimeter is designed to have a readout with four decimal digits. How many bits will be required in its ADC? 13 Bits Question 6. From Wikipedia Question 7. a) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-up phase? 400 µs b) How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-down phase? 1 ms Question 8. What is the typical performance in terms of THD at a frequency of 500 kHz of: a) MAX1200 pipeline ADC. -85dB b) MAX1201 pipeline ADC. -85dB c) MAX1205 pipeline ADC. -84dB Question 9. Name two disadvantages of: a) Flash ADC Cost, high power demand b) SAR ADC Limited speed, requires anti-aliasing filter c) Dual-slope ADC Slow conversion, expensive components d) Sigma Delta ADC
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 3 on General Course of Electrical Drive SERVO DRIVE (FESTO) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram Component list: PC with Wmmemoc software SEC-AC-305 controller MTR-AC-55 servo motor with encoder External 24VDC power supply unit Test stand with slide and limit switches 4. Tables of observations
become critical for correct bit synchronization. Receiver clock: and secondary in one physical station. · Transmits both commands and responses. these are LLC addresses and NOT addresses that appear on Functionalities, message types Authentication phase: Link establishment used to `clock' incoming signal into SIPO register runs asynchronously with respect to incoming · Receives both commands and responses. · Uses line addresses to distinguish the network medium! (LCP) can be followed by optionalauthentication phase before proceeding to
segregated into various spaces. The engine room is one of these spaces, and is generally the largest physical compartment of the machinery space. The engine room houses the vessel's prime mover, usually some variations of a heat engine - diesel engine, gas or steam turbine. On some ships, the machinery space may comprise more than one engine room, such as forward and aft, or port or starboard engine rooms, or may be simply numbered. 1.1)Main engine The engine room of a motor vessel typically contains several engines for different purposes. Main, or propulsion engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil or heavy fuel oil, and may be able to switch between the two. There are many propulsion arrangements for motor vessels, some including multiple engines, propellers, and gearboxes. Large engines drive electrical generators that provide power for the ship's electrical systems.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permis- sion of OMRON. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Moreover, because OMRON is constantly striving to improve its high-quality products, the information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual. Nevertheless, OMRON assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the informa- tion contained in this publication. v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Homework-04 Solution (100 marks) Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, a) 20 MHz? b) 18 MHz? What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Solution: 1 1 a) Converse 20 MHz to time length: T 0.00005ms f 20,000,000 2ms
@hD = m The wave length l is the distance between two wave crests. The shorter the wavelength the more of energy (potential) can be transported if wave high and velocity stay constant. @lD = m The period of waves is the time between two following wave crests over a fix point over the ground. @tper D = s The frequency f is the number of oscillating waves per second. It’s reciprocal is the period. 1 1 f= @fD = tper s The velocity v of a wave is defined as the speed over the ground. It is equal to the wavelength divided by the period. l m v= @vD =
electric car powered by sunlight is a solar car, and an electric car powered by a gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car. Thus, an electric car that derives its power from an on-board battery pack is a form of battery electric vehicle (BEV). Most often, the term "electric car" is used to refer to pure battery electric vehicles. What types electric cars we have Usual electric cars have a batterey and elecrtic motor jusr like toy cars. Hybrid vehicle Then we have already hybrid vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance. Toyota prius Plug in hybrid
-18 -20 U ac, V Figure 5. Volt-amphere characteristics, reverse biased Conclusion Multisim gave us a virtual diode with the idealized symmetrical output characteristic. This means that if the voltage drops across anode-cathode are bigger than the knee voltage, then the current increases rapidly. But if not, then only very small current occurs. In the reverse biased, the voltage across the diode could be large, but only a small current occurs. is obtained as 0,57V from figure 4, which is made by the data we can see from table 1. 2.2 Series clippers VD f = 9 kHz R = 96 k US = 10 V
Contents Air cleaner element renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Fuel filter renewal - fuel injection engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Alternator drivebelt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Hinge and lock check and lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Automatic transmission fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Idle speed and mixture adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Automatic transmission selector mechanism check . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Ignition system components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Battery check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Ignition timing check - models with contact breaker distributor . . .14 Brake components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
America is a nation on the move. About 28 percent of the energy we use goes to transporting people and goods from one place to another. Cars, vans, and buses are commonly used to carry people. Trucks, airplanes, and railroads can be used to carry people and freight. Barges and pipelines only carry freight. In 2005, 12 there were almost 239 million vehicles (cars, buses, and trucks) in the United States. That's more than three motor vehicles for every four people! Automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, and buses drove nearly 3.0 trillion miles in 2005. That's almost one-twelfth the distance to the nearest star beyond the solar system. It's like driving to the sun and back 13,440 times. Picture 2.11. Energy use for transportation Gasoline is used mainly by cars, motorcycles, and light trucks; diesel is used mainly by heavier trucks, buses, and trains
little history and the recent advancements in railgun related science. 3 1. What a railgun basically is A railgun is an electrically powered electromagnetic projectile launcher and a large electric circuit, made up of three parts: a power source, a pair of parallel rails and a moving armature. Along the pair of parallel conducting rails a sliding armature is accelerated by the electromagnetic effects of a current that flows down one rail, into the armature and then back along the other rail. Railguns have long existed as experimental technology but the mass, size and cost of the required power supplies have prevented railguns from becoming practical military weapons. However, in recent years, significant efforts have been made towards their development as feasible military technology. For example, in the late 2000s, the U.S. Navy tested a railgun that accelerates a 3
that photographic plates stored in the dark near uranium were blackened like X-ray plates, which had been just recently discovered at the time 1895. It is energy released by the splitting (fission) or merging together (fusion) of the nuclei of atoms. The conversion of nuclear mass to energy is consistent with the mass-energy equivalence formula E = m.c², in which E = energy release, m = mass defect, and c = the speed of light in a vacuum. Nuclear chemistry can be used as a form of alchemy to turn lead into gold or change any atom to any other atom (albeit through many steps). Radionuclide (radioisotope) production often involves irradiation of another isotope (or more precisely a nuclide), with alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. Iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any atom. If an atom of lower
They usually show considerable branching, which produces enormous number of synaptic contacts. What happens when a neuron is aroused from rest? The surface of the fiber is stimulated by means of a third microelectrode which applies a brief electrical pulse. This pulse reduces the potential across the membrane for a brief instant. If the pulse is weak, nothing further will happen; there is no impulse. If the strength of the pulse is slowly increased, the resting potential drops still more, but there's no impulse. This continues until the pulse is strong enough to decrease the potential to a critical point, the threshold. Now a new phenomena occurs. The potential suddenly collapses; in fact, it overshoot the zero mark and for a brief moment the axon interior becomes positive relative to the outside. This brief flare lasts about 1 millisecond and quickly subsides. The potential then returns to the resting state. This entire sequence of
• Building models provide rigging information for erection crews. The results of this thesis illustrate the benefit that 3D and BIM offer for complex steel construction projects and demonstrate an overall trend in the construction industry. The primary purpose of 3D and BIM is to be able to build the structure in virtual space before actual construction starts, so that the majority of the potential challenges can be successfully identified and addressed during the preconstruction phase. Resümee Käesoleva magistritöö põhiosa on kirjutatud Ameerika Ühendriikides Washingtoni Ülikoolis ajavahemikus september 2009 – september 2010. Ameerikas alustati mudelprojekteerimise (Building Information Modelling – BIM) laialdasema kasutuselevõtuga juba ligikaudu 10 aastat tagasi ja seetõttu on sealne keskkond ideaalne uurimaks BIM’i mõju projekteerimis- ja ehitussektoris. Antud
ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page i CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page ii ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iv
the boundaries between the individual zones. In 1940, D. Philpot suggested to use columns with a density gradient of buffer solutions, and in the 50s years the method has been refined and was developed the device for electrophoresis in density gradient. However, the method was deficient, because after switching off the electric current, formed during electrophoresis zones have "blurred". Subsequent achievements in electrophoresis associated with the stabilization establishment of zones in the solid support medium. So, in 1950, as a solid carrier scientists began to use a filter paper, in 1955 it was proposed to use
that will save us, but education of a certain kind. SANE MEANS, MAD ENDS What went wrong with contemporary culture and with education? There is some insight in literature: Christopher Marlowe's Faust, who trades his soul for knowledge and power; Mary Shelley's Dr. Frankenstein, who refuses to take responsibility for his creation; Herman Melville's Captain Ahab, who says "All my means are sane, my motive and object mad." In these characters we encounter the essence of the modern drive to dominate nature. Historically, Francis Bacon's proposed union between knowledge and power foreshadows the contemporary alliance between government, business, and knowledge that has wrought so much mischief. Galileo's separation of the intellect foreshadows the dominance of the analytical mind over that part given to creativity, humor, and wholeness. And in Descartes' epistemology, one finds the roots of the radical separation of self and object
although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Unlike commercial manufacturing supplies, services such as clinical supplies planning are very dynamic and can often have last minute changes. Availability of patient kit when patient arrives at investigator site is very important for clinical trial success. This results in overproduction of drug products to take care of last minute change in demand. R&D manufacturing is very expensive and overproduction of patient kits adds significant cost to the total cost of clinical trials. An integrated supply chain can reduce the overproduction of drug products by efficient demand management, planning, and inventory management. Traditionally, marketing, distribution, planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizations along the supply chain operated independently.
Printed circuit board (PCB) - a thin, laminated sheet composed of a series of epoxy resin and copper layers and etched electronic circuits (signal, ground and power) Chipset (or core logic) - two or more integrated circuits which control the interfaces between the system processor, RAM, I/O devises, and adapter cards. Processor slot/socket - the slot or socket used to mount the system processor on the motherboard AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port - a high speed interface for video cards; runs at 1X (66MHz), 2X (133MHz), or 4X (266MHz). PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - a high speed interface for video cards, sound cards, network interface cards, and modems; runs at 33MHz. ISA - Industry Standard Architecture - a relatively low speed interface primarily used for sound cards and modems; runs at approx. 8MHz. RAM - Random Access Memory - see System RAM Port (serial, parallel, PS/2, USB, sound, LAN, VGA, SCSI) - interface connectors for the
University of Pennsylvania "It's about time this book was written. It is a long-overdue manifesto for the mobile lifestyle, and Tim Ferriss is the ideal ambassador. This will be huge." --Jack Can eld, cocreator of Chicken Soup for the Soul®, 100+ million copies sold "Stunning and amazing. From mini-retirements to outsourcing your life, it's all here. Whether you're a wage slave or a Fortune 500 CEO, this book will change your life!" --Phil Town, New York Times bestselling author of Rule #1 "The 4-Hour Workweek is a new way of solving a very old problem: just how can we work to live and prevent our lives from being all about work? A world of in nite options awaits those who would read this book and be inspired by it!" --Michael E. Gerber, founder and chairman of E-Myth Worldwide and the world's #1 small business guru "Timothy has packed more lives into his 29 years than Steve Jobs has in his 51." --Tom
Since the invention of the internal combustion engine, automotive engineers, speed junkies and racecar designers have been searching for ways to boost its power. One way to add power is to build a bigger engine. But bigger engines, which weigh more and cost more to build and maintain, are not always better. Another way to add power is to make a normal-sized engine more efficient. You can accomplish this by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. More air means more fuel can be added, and more fuel means a bigger explosion and greater horsepower
Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Consultant: Roode Liias- Professor and Dean, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology Title: Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling Archived: University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Construction ABSTRACT This research can be divided into two. The first part investigates the current state of the construction industry, while the second part looks at new emerging business models in particular, Lean Construction (LC) and Building Information Modelling (BIM), as well as an integration of these two. Given that the construction industry does not have a particularly good reputation among the public, the first part of this thesis focuses mainly on this problem and its sources. It is the reason why we need
commune, on the other; the business world legitimately focuses on profit maximization. NPM, however, as it has been said, "harvests" the public; it sees no difference between public and private interest. The use of business techniques within the public sphere thus confuses the most basic requirements of any state, particularly of a Democracy, with a liability: regularity, transparency, and due process are simply much more important than low costs and speed. This low-cost and speed imperative is directly related to the main battle-cry of NPM, efficiency, which is invariably defined much too narrowly in NPM perhaps, this misunderstanding is even defining, and systemic to, NPM. Efficiency is a relative concept that is based on context and appropriateness: it is efficient to achieve a certain effect with a minimum of resources. But this effect, in the case of the state, is denoted by several auxiliary but necessary conditions such as the ones mentioned
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