or law Suspension - when a person is temporarily not allowed to work, go to school or take part in an activity, as a punishment Prosecution - to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law, or to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime Injury bodily harm, damage Public opinion sth that most of the ppl in a society think of sth Simple majority - sth is voted for or against by not more than half of the votes altogether Absolute majority - when more than half of the ppl (voting) is for or against sth To be guilty of a crime to have done sth illegal Abuse - to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage Property - an object or objects that belong to someone; a building or area of land, or both together Dangerous driving to drive recklessly and without any fear or respect
letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they have to be in accordance with each other, the states can always specify these regulations. Therefore, PIL regulates people indirectly. Another unique feature: domestic law sources have a clear pyramid (top to bottom: constitution, laws, individual contracts, they cannot contradict each other) and all sources are written. In PIL there is no such hierarchy, but there are primary sources (all are equally important) and secondary sources and all are not written. Primary sources: written documents
For example, the law says that the minor can’t drink alcohol, but in spite of that rule, they still do. Relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs – informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Customs are not made by governments and they are not written down. Sometimes we can break these rules without any penalty, but if we keep breaking the rules or break an important one, other society members may criticize us or act violently toward us. And some prescriptive laws are made by governments. When governments make laws they use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce these laws. 2. Sources of law (general) Precedent – a decision about a particular legal case that makes it likely that other similar cases will be decided in the same way Solve a dispute – to find a solution to a disagreement; to adjudicate
*Locke: To preserve one's safety and property *Rosseau: To preserve one's safety, property and freedom, but to guarantee the latter, the goverment also has the responsoility of improving/educating the citizens. Laws are historical conventions, people can be forsed to be free. State of nature Hobes: state of nature is a state of conflict, a state of war. Locke: state of nature is peaceful, all men are equal. They treat others as themselves. Rousseau - people in the state of nature were neither good or bad. Man was like an animal not posessing any needs besides the primary ones. The bad habits of men are byproducts of ingaging in a civil society. All men are equal Sovereign Hobbes: can not be overthrown and can do whatever the fuck it wants. The best one is monarch. Locke: can be overthrown, if fails to do the job. Criticises monarch for haveing hereditary power. Prefers election for a term. Democracy? Rousseau: aristocracy, if not hereditary. (monarchy represents particular will)
dangerous driving (ohtlik sõitmine) - a way of driving that threats other's safety or life international law (rahvusvaheline õigus) - body of rules that nations recognize as binding in their coundct towards one another operating law (õigusega töötamine) - ensuring obidieance to regulation; to have the rights to impliment justice on others political structure (poliitiline struktuur) - institutions or groups and their relations to each other within political systems as they constitute the political landscape of the political entity social values (sotsiaalsed väärtused) - larger concept which includes the subjective aspects of the citizens' well-being, such as their ability to participate in making decisions that affect them civil war (kodusõda) - (armed) conflict between politicalfactions or religions within same county industrialization (industrialiseerimine) - a large-scale introduction of manufacturing
Should Mercy-killing Be Punished? In spite of the fact that human life is very precious and every life should be saved when it is possible, there is also known mercy-killing, the act of killing someone who is suffering painlessly. It is argued, when mercy-killing should and when it should not be punished. On the one hand, mercy-killing should be punished when it is carried out by people who do not have a license for euthanasia. Not everyone is capable of deciding over someone's life. For example, even doctors do not always know if a patient is really dying. On the other hand, mercy-killing should not be punished when it has a permission of a court. This way all aspects would be taken under advisement by many people, considering the advisory opinion. In conclusion, mercy-killing should not be punished only if it is thought through by many specialists who find that it is the only way
the statistics. It also noticed, “Children are normally at greatest risk from dog bite because they play with dogs more often, have less experience in reading dog behavior, are more likely to engage in activity that alarms or stimulates a dog, and are less able to defend themselves when a dog becomes aggressive”. Scientific studies in dog psychology were not conclusive on direct causation between a dog breed and aggressiveness. They pointed out other influential factors such as individual character and disposition of an animal, resulted, among other things, from its training, living surroundings etc. In those circumstances and following the precautionary principle, the parliament adopted the prohibitive law of the scope suggested by the NGOs stating that “the State cannot idly wait until the scientists come to the definite conclusion about actual sources of the dangerous behavior” and
If you have created something, then try to be open minded Teacher: O'Mahony V.PG 11A 09.03.2009 This written essay here is talking about my thoughts and facts of life, what is around us. First I thought that why is always easier to create something but to destroy is much harder. Exactly there have been so many wars in history. Everybody wanted to own a lot of countries and others had to fight for their created country. Also they started to teach young people to kill and protect their country with killing enemies. Also government tried to keep a low profile, if there were some wars in state. These are my thoughts of creating and keeping something. In the old times were many wars. Some states predominated over other weaker countries or states. Weaker countries had created their own and loved country and they wanted to live like that for a long time. But also stronger countries wanted to broaden their boards and become bigger than other strong states
This disregards the act itself and only looks at the result (Driver, 2014). Hedonism supposes that a decision is ethically correct if the consequence brings maximal satisfaction to the individual. Eudemonism replaces the word satisfaction by happiness. The difference between the two words is that satisfaction usually is short- term and focuses more on the senses. Happiness is something long-term and is more 'part' of a person than an experience its senses undergo. Utilitarianism believes a certain action should result in maximum happiness for the biggest group of people. The government should always think of the interests of the population. Eudemonism and hedonism are however more focused on the individual. Here, classical utilitarianism 1 justifications will be discussed (Ibid.). Classic utilitarianism departs from the idea that there are two intrinsic values, pain and happiness
EU Internal Market Group Work I: History and Purpose of the Internal Market Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants.
ECKHART TOLLE A NEW EARTH Awakening to Your Life's Purpose CONTENTS Chapter One The Flowering of Human Consciousness – 6 Evocation..................................................................................................6 The Purpose of This Book........................................................................8 Our Inherited Dysfunction........................................................................10 The Arising New consciousness..............................................................12 Spirituality and Religion..........................................................................14 The Urgency of Transformation...............................................................16
economic challenges due to economic liberalization reforms. In this direction, Georgian Govern- ment made several important steps: Tax -The administration of tax and customs systems has been simplified. The number and rates of taxes have been significantly reduced making it easier for local and foreign businesses to do business. Currently, there are only 6 taxes and no capital gains, inheritance, wealth, property transfer; social, branch remittance or any other taxes are in place in Georgia. The coming into effect of a new comprehensive Tax Code (including customs legislation) on January 1, 2011 con- stitutes a further milestone in the development of tax legislation. Licenses and permits - Georgia has dramatically reduced licensing and permitting requirements to ease constraints on business. The total number of licenses and permits was cut by 84% in re- forms that eliminated 756 licenses and permits and streamlined procedures. Currently, licenses
Why do we need morality? As an English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) said, all humans are made equal in mental and physical abilities. This does not mean that all of us are equally strong, smart or beautiful, but that everyone has the ability to damage or kill the other. The main goals, we all want to achieve, are having a shelter, security, power, wealth and enough food. This means that people are constantly competing with each other and that makes all of us (who desire the same things) enemies. Hobbes names the insecurity and fear people feel towards each other a "state of nature". In this state there are no moral rules or enforced laws, also no justice or injustice. People, being violent and arbitrary, will only follow their own interest. So without laws and boundaries, people would be in constant war - every man for himself. In this kind of society there is no time for cultural or industrial development.
EU structural support and regional implementing agencies, that are available for a businessman to apply for a fund. A successful student will be aware of and understand the EU fundraising possibilities in the frames of cooperation with Russian and Eastern Partnership countries, and able to define the financing criteria and priorities. The current reading material summarises the main aspects covered by lectures and structurises the information channels for the future. The course supports the other Traderun courses, especially the course related to EU cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 4 1. UKRAINE 1.1. General information 1.1.1. Country Profile Capital: Kyiv. Total area: 603,550 sq. km (the largest country in Europe by area that is physically within Europe entirely). Population: ~ 45 million (declining). Major cities and estimated population (Good news! Not all the business and capital
unique properties in its portfolio, including two attractive coastal sites in Tallinn and Riga. One of these properties was Kalarand in Tallinn. Pro Kapital bought property next to the Kalarand seaside in 2001 and announced that they will make Kalarand into a residential and business district. From thereon there has been a heated debate between the locals and Pro Kapital over the developing plans. The detailed plan of Kalaranna neighbourhood expands on more than 7 hectares and it has been processed for over a decade. Pro Kapital believes that the area of Kalaranna should be one of Tallinn’s gateways and landmarks. Currently Pro Kapital sees it as an epoch of desolate wasteland which is located in the heart of Tallinn. Pro Kapital believes that the future of Kalaranna should be as a promenade open to the sea, a harmonious whole of the greenery and buildings shaping the urban space. People of Kalamaja overall agree with the views of Pro
Reading materials: Business peculiarities in Russia Lugemismatejal: Äri eripärad Venemaal Created by Sergei Proskura Tartu 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1. LEGALIZATION OF A COMPANY WITH A FOREIGN OWNER IN RUSSIA ....................................... 4 1.1. Laws ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2. Documents for registration of the company ........................................................................... 5 1.3. The Head of the new company ............................................................................................... 6 1.4
were all the workmanship of one omnipotent Locke (1821, p. 191) and the only way taking a life might be justified was if someone threatened one's liberty. Locke's state of nature is far removed from how Hobbes (1981, pp. 56-57) describes it as being a state of war in which man is in perpetual fear and his life being ...solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. However, it seems that Locke is quick to revert from his stance of a state of nature being a state of peace, good will, mutual assistance, and preservation Locke (1821, p. 202) and it becomes apparent that there is in fact an overlap with Hobbes account. As there is no temporal or divine authority to protect ones property in a state of nature enjoyment of it is very uncertain and constantly exposed to the invasion of others Locke (1821, p. 295) Locke asserts that once a man combines his own labour with material from a
Within the public sphere, the most important reform movement of the last quarter of a century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars have overlooked the fact that some features in public management reform, state organization, and the economic interpretation of state functions that they advocate from "Good Governance" to "efficiency" as a goal in itself actually belong into the
Sõprus 1. Aristoteles sõpruse olemusest ning tüüpidest Sõprus ja armastus pole selgelt eristatud philia. Sõprus iseloomustab vabal kiindumusel põhinevaid inimsuhteid perekondlikud, võimulolijate suhted kodanikesse, kodanike omavahelised suhted. Sõprus hoiab riike koos. Eeldab vastastikku heasoovlikkust ja ühistegevust. Sõprus jaguneb 2 viisil 3-ks: Vastavalt põhjusele, miks head soovitakse: Kasu äri Nauding sõbrad Täiuslik sõprus loomutäiuselt sarnaste inimeste vahel Vastavalt osapoolte seisundile: Ülimuslikkus vanemad laste suhtes Paremus mehed naiste suhtes Võrdsus vennad Täielikku sõprust naudivad üksikud, sest nad suudavad arendada omavahel loomutäiust täiuslikkuseni. Linnriik põhineb sõprusel, kiindumusel põhinevatel inimestevahelistel suhetel. Timokraatia (varanduslikel klassidel rajanev poliitiline süsteem) põhineb võrdsusel vennalikel suhetel. 2. Cicero isiklikust ja po
international business. documents and may A notary's main research legal issues. functions are to administer oaths and affirmations, take affidavits and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate the execution of certain classes of documents, take acknowledgments of deeds and other conveyances, protest notes and bills of exchange, provide notice of foreign drafts, prepare marine or ship's protests in cases of damage, provide exemplifications and notarial copies, and perform certain other official acts depending on the jurisdiction
world. Since, then the UNCRC has attracted significant scholarly interest from various disciplines and as such a high degree of research has been published in this area already. The increasing sociological interest in children in particular that has provided a new perspective around the idea of children as competent social actors has provoked a great controversy and confusion as it challenges the image of the incompetent child which is overwhelmingly prevalent in the Western society. The purpose of this dissertation is to critically explore this hotly debated tension between these two conflicting salient features that have often prevented the recognition of children as active citizens, entitled to respect and participation. With a particular interest in Wales, the following research project analyses the development of children`s active participation both in the Welsh Government and the County and Council of Swansea as they both have regarded the UNCRC on the basis of all its activity
You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect pandemonium. DORINE If . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a servant wench, my girl, and much Too full of gab, and too impertinent And free with your advice on all occasions. DAMIS But . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a fool, my boy--f, o, o, l Just spells your name. Let grandma tell you that I've said a hundred times to my poor son, Your father, that you'd never come to good Or give him anything but plague and torment. MARIANE I think . . . MADAME PERNELLE O dearie me, his little sister! You're all demureness, butter wouldn't melt In your mouth, one would think to look at you. Still waters, though, they say . . . you know the proverb; And I don't like your doings on the sly. ELMIRE But, mother . . . MADAME PERNELLE Daughter, by your leave, your conduct In everything is altogether wrong; You ought to set a good example for 'em;
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The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America.
1. Can the PB&R company successfully claim any violation of the EU law related rights? Examination 1. Can we say that an animal (a dog) is a good? – Yes. According to Article 13 TFEU dogs do belong to a “goods” category so as it is described in CJEU case law that a good is a product which can be valued in money and which is capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions. Therefore PB&R company and its business is selling dogs, or shall I say goods not just on a local fields, but the movement of goods is linked to abroad EU countries by making a profit of it I shall conclude that it involves a “movement of goods within the EU Member States” (Articles 26 and 37). 2. Is there a restriction of trade in goods?
who submits (to God)". There are between 1.1 billion and 1.8 billion Muslims, making Islam the secondlargest religion in the world, after Christianity. Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the fundamental sources of Islam.They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new religion, but as the restorer of the original monotheistic faith of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Islamic tradition holds that Jews and Christians distorted the revelations God gave to these prophets by either altering the text, introducing a false interpretation, or both. Islam includes many religious practices. Adherents are generally required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. In addition to the Five Pillars, Islamic law (sharia) has developed a tradition of rulings that touch on virtually
What is the real meaning of life? Why prefer one thing to another? Can we trust observation? It’s raining outside - how do you know it is? I can see it’s raining. How to convince yourself its raining? A good reason to doubt - 49 other peaople have the same opinion. Falsifiable → possible; not falsified World disappeared in 2012 and got recreated 3 secs later → unfalsifiable - cannot prove it’s true/wrong, cannot provide any tests to prove it. Or - one or another but not both → exclusive - one or another (both) → inclusive (Invited those who are managers or specialists - both) Arguments valid or not - logic is a science where to decide it
do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T. MUNGER, Vice Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. If you're wondering why of Latin America, the Far East, and Central Europe. you should buy this new edition of Influence: o More neuroscience evidence of how the influence process works is inte-
It is also possible to be so ultra-sensitive that the result is disadvantageous. I expect no argument in asserting that a normal sensitivity is a healthy, indispensable ingredient for optimal education. Sensitivity can be heightened or blunted by education. It is intertwined with curiosity. An ideal education affords numerous and varied opportunities for students to touch, see, smell, listen, hear; to spark their curiosity. When I was a child the things that pleased me were largely other than the plants which have earned me a living as an adult. For example, I collected postage stamps, played basketball, was fond of listening to music, played all manner of games, but dealt only in a neutral, uninspired fashion with plants. The one thing that was constant and of supreme importance was my love of reading. I don't recall why, but by an early age, say age 9, I was a phenomenal reader of books, a habit that persisted all the way until college. Reading expands one's mind immensely
Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features of Philosophy of Language include: · new chapters on Frege and puzzles, inferentialism, illocutionary theories of meaning, and relevance theory · chapter overviews and summaries · clear supportive examples · study questions · annotated further reading · glossary Praise for the First Edition: "This exceptional text fulfils two essential criteria of a good introduc- tory textbook in the philosophy of language: it covers a broad range of topics well, all of which are the basis of current active research, and does so in an accurate manner accessible to undergraduate students." Mike Harnish, University of Arizona ". . . an excellent textbook for teaching. The examples throughout are delightful and students will love them."
Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law. Aside from Great Britain, the majority of the countries in Europe operate under a version of civil law modeled after the Roman legal system created centuries ago In a common law system, the law is created by precedents set after judges decide actual cases. When a judge hears a case that has a new issue in it, the judge makes a decision regarding the issue in the case. That decision then becomes a precedent that must be followed by other courts with equal standing within the legal system. The precedent remains law unless and until a higher court overturns the decision. The practice of following decisions made by other courts for similar issues is known as stare decisis. In stark contrast to the concept of stare decisis and precedent found in a common law system, decisions in a civil law system are to be made based on a corresponding statute, in theory.
right expressions. Body 2: That brings us to a fact that regular people have been frustrated with legal language for quite some time since it can sometimes be confusing and unnecessary. There is a smaller chance that your document will be misunderstood when plain language is used. And if your documents give instructions, your client is more likely to understand and follow them correctly. For example, a lease tries to regulate the way a tenant uses a property. That purpose cannot be achieved if the tenant cannot understand the lease. So lets be honest, having a tenant comply with a lease is so much better than taking action against a tenant for not complying with it. In addition to that not using legal English can save you a lot of time and money it gets your point and message across and people actually are able to understand it, which means your clients won't be calling you as often to get explanations and they will also be making
Misusing and Abusing the IoT - Now and in the Future The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data [1]. As the amount of devices connected to the internet of things is constantly on the rise, making it innately more secure and protecting those devices from abuse, in a sense of unwanted access , manipulation by third parties and other scenarios, is rapidly turning into a pressing issue. According to some sources there were about 13
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