Estonian National Cuisine re a d a c k B Bl The word ,,bread" came to Estonian from Germanic languages. Traditional black bread spread in Estonia in the second century. In a household people usually baked bread on Saturdays. Depending on the size of the family, they usually made 6-10 loaves of bread. One loaf of bread usually weighed about 2-5 kg. Beliefs and habits If a piece of bread was dropped, it had to be picked up and given a kiss so that hunger would not come to the house. A loaf of bread was never put on a table upside crust down. That would predict a family member's death. It was not allowed to lay a loaf of bread with its cut side to the door, because then the house would run out of bread. Eating the crusty end of bread would give a girl nice breasts. Warm bread was supposed to be broken not cut. Christmas bread Christmas bread had to
In the present day it includes a variety of international foods and dishes, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. German, Scandinavian, Russian and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, pork, potatoes and dairy products. Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. In terms of staples, Estonia belongs firmly to the beer, vodka, rye bread and pork "belt" of Europe. The Cold Table Flounder The first course in traditional Estonian cuisine is based on cold dishes - a selection of meats and sausages served with potato salad or Rosolje, an Estonian signature dishes based on beetroot, meat and herring . Small pastries called pirukad ("pirukas" in the singular) - a relative of the pirozhki - filled with meat, cabbage, carrots, rice and other fillings or mixtures are also popular, and are often served with bouillon
A sandwich is a food item consisting of one or more types of food placed on or between slices of bread. The sandwich has a long history, but it hasn’t always been as embraced as it is now. HISTORY The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend sais, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours at the card table. During a very long game, he instructed a cook to prepare his food in such way that it would not interfere with his game. the cook presented him with
those of the old wine countries, that the continent's finest wines are produced. Today the best of South African wine is up there with the rest, while in the "easy-drinking" category no one beats us. History has a way with wine and the Cape's wine culture, which goes back 350 years, is one that reflects the country's sad colonial and apartheid past, but also shines with the potential and expectation of the modern wine world. From that long history comes a wine tradition of tastes and styles with its roots in the classic "Old World" of France, Germany and Italy, but also an acute awareness of the contemporary consumer, as has been defined by wine-making in the "New World" of California and Australia. It has often been said that South African wine is in the unique position of both those wonderful worlds. It offers marketing possibilities that can be harnessed for the challenges of the new global economy. It can offer the wine-drinking world all kinds
· Infections disease · Even death. But even if you take over diet it may leads to... · Weight gain · Insulin resistance · Diabetes · Obesity · Heart conditions · Many other diet related diseases · And death. Healthy Eating Pyramid Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this group Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread, potatoes) Healthy Eating Pyramid Meat, fish and dairy: take something from this group Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this group Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread, potatoes) Healthy Eating Pyramid Foods high in fats and sugars: take only small amounts from this group
peppercorns, bay leaves and onions and is braised in the marinade for a long period, resulting in very tender melt-in-the-mouth meat. The Black Forest: cake is one of the most popular German national foods. Cake consists of several layers of chocolate cake, with whipped cream and cherries between each layer. Then the cake is decorated with additional whipped cream and chocolate shavings. A Schnitzel in German is a slice of pork or veal haunch. Dish made with boneless meat thinned with a mallet (escalope-style preparation), coated in bread crumbs and fried. Only if it is made of veal and coated in bread crumbs is it called Wiener Schnitzel; a pork version is called Schnitzel Wiener Art (Viennese type schnitzel). These are served with a slice of lemon and without a sauce. Both often are referred to as simply Schnitzel. Poland
Estonians (though it's a very small country) have the biggest song festival in the world ! The Singing Revolution tells the extraordinary story of the nonviolent path Estonia took to free itself from Soviet occupation. A documentary film about a nation peacefully standing up for its freedom through song, with the unstoppable dream of reclaiming Estonian independence. http://www.squidoo.com/estonias_singing_revolution The tradition of the song festival was born along with Estonian national awakening. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer of 1869. One of the organizers of the first song festival was Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players participated in the first festival. Starting with the fourth festival, mixed choirs were also participating. Starting with the sixth festival in 1896, the
The report is based on the students' responses to the questionnaire administered by the school's doctor. Meals The survey have revealed that the students do not have enough meals. Only eight of those questioned eat before school, and half of them have their midday meal at school. Worryingly, as few as four students have both breakfast and school lunch. Still more disturbing is the fact that an alarming proportion--approximately onethird--of the students have neither. Eating brown bread Interestingly enough, bread, a good source of fiber, enjoys popularity among young people. 75 per cent of the students surveyed eat three or more slices of brown bread per day, with only a quarter of respondents restricting themselves to one or two slices. Eating fat As regards fat consumption, the majority of the students eat margarine. Four students prefer butter, and another four eat neither. Conclusion
The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary: to criticize - tasteless
Fresh dairy products, breads, and seafood are also widely available. Potatoes, once eaten at every meal, are still regularly served, but the Irish have embraced other foods such as pasta and rice. Apples, oranges, and pears have long been integral to the Irish diet, but are now joined by a wider variety of fruit that have become available since Ireland joined the European Union (EU). Smoked salmon is considered an Irish specialty, as are Irish stew and Irish lamb. Irish breads include soda bread and brack, a rich, dark loaf containing dried fruit and traditionally served at Halloween. Tea and coffee are popular drinks in the home, and Dublin is rapidly developing a café culture. Ireland is also the home of stout, a rich, black beer brewed by Guinness and Murphy's. The traditional cooked breakfast consists of any or all of the following: bacon, sausages, grilled or fried tomatoes, mushrooms, eggs, white and black pudding (a form of blood sausage) and toast or bread fried in fat or oil
who ruled over Estonia for so many centuries. The eating habits of the Estonian population are related to the season, which severely affect the availability of fresh food. The spring and summer are the seasons of fresh food, in this period are used vegetables, berries and herbs, with the warmer climate the Estonians also like to cook meat grilled outdoors. During the winter are used mushrooms, jams, and preserved foods. Among the typical Estonian dishes are: Baltic fish in acid sauce, pork with sauerkraut and boiled potatoes, blood sausage and barley, marinade anguilla, boiled pork in jelly, tongue, smoked fish and a kind of dry cake-like barley bread. Milk and all kinds of dairy products such as fermented milk, yogurt and various dishes made with rennet are very common. Among the desserts are the kissell, curd, rhubarb cake and kama. The national drink is malt beer or barley and rye beer. Other popular drinks are kali and liquor Vana Tallinn.
One of the parks, Central Park, was designed by Frederic Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. Its 340 hectares contain half a million tees, several lakes, a rollerskating rink, a theatre, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and much more. There are beaches in many parts of New York. One of the most popular is Coney Island Beach in Brooklyn. Visitors there can swim in the sea, enjoy the amusement park, eat hot dogs and visit the New York Aquarium, which contains about 10 000 fish. The New York authorities encourage learning for people of all ages and run thousands of schools and collages. The city also provides private education. American children must complete 12 years of education. In New York City this lasts from the ages of 6 to 17. Children begin at elementary school, move on to middle school and finish at high school, where most gain a diploma. New York offers a variety of high schools for pupils who want to specialize
pantomimes plays based on fairy tales which combine comedy, dance and song. A traditional Christmas dinner includes roast turkey with roast potatoes, a range of vegetables, cranberry sauce etc., followed by Christmas pudding and Christmas cake. The pulling of crackers(and the wearing of paper hats) before the meal is quite popular. Afterwards many watch the Queen's traditional Christmas address on TV at 3 pm. Christmas actually contains of 3 days: Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. The latter is the first day after Christmas or the first Monday after Christmas if Christmas is on Friday or Saturday. 3. What is the same and what is different about the way Easter is celebrated in England and Estonia? Easter lasts for 4 days in Britain: from Good Friday to Eas-ter Monday. Schools close for two weeks. On Good Friday people usually eat small sweet rolls toasted
Estonia from Finland. The Gulf of Riga is situated to the south-west. Estonia has more than 1500 islands. The biggest ones are located to the west. The four biggest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Vormsi and Muhu. The highest point in Estonia and also in the Baltic region is Suur Munamägi. It is 318. above sea level. Estonia is a country of a thousand lakes. The Largest one is Lake Peipsi which is also the fourth biggest freshwater lake in Europe. Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv are rich in fish. Estonia has many rivers but only nine of them are longer than 100km. The most important ones are Pärnu River and Emajõgi River Climate Estonia lies in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Because Estonia is continuously warmed by the Gulf Stream it has a milder climate despite its northern latitude. Northern latitude means long
Tourists also love to visit Greenwich, which is best known for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Foods and drinks English cuisine is formed by country’s history, its temperate climate and geography. The food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. The traditional English breakfast is a hot cooked meal of bacon, eggs, sausages, fried bread, mushrooms and baked beans. Now-a-days a typical English breakfast is more likely a bowl of cereals, a slice of toast, orange juice and a cup of coffee. They have Afternoon Tea (the traditional 4 o’clock tea). This is a small meal, not a drink. Traditionally it consists of tea (or coffee) served with either of the following: freshly baked scones served with cream and jam (known as a cream tea), afternoon tea
Food, Restaurants and Cooking Task 1. Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) Waiter, could you bring me the account/bill/addition, please? b) It's a very popular restaurant - we should apply for/book/keep a table. c) If you're hungry, why not ask for a large dish/plate/portion? d) Please help/serve/wait yourself to salads from the salad bar. e) Waiter, can I see the catalogue/directory/menu, please? f) This fish is not what I called/commanded/ordered. g) This dish/plate/serving is a speciality of our restaurant. h) Have you tried the crude/raw/undercooked fish at the new Japanese restaurant? i) Paul never eats meat, he's a vegetable/vegetarian/vegetation. j) Have you decided what to have for your main course/food/helping? Task 2. Complete each sentence (a-j) with a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once. a) Dinner's nearly ready. Can you lay ...6… 1
will enjoy good luck. Another treat is Mince Pies. Some Australians and particularly tourists often have their Christmas dinner at midday on a local beach, Bondi Beach in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs attracts thousands of people on Christmas Day. Other families enjoy their day by having a picnic. If they are at home, the day is punctuated by swimming in a pool, playing Cricket out the backyard, and other outdoor activities. The warm weather allows Australians to enjoy a tradition which commenced in 1937. Carols by Candlelight is held every year on Christmas Eve, where tens of thousands of people gather in the city of Melbourne to sing their favorite Christmas songs. The evening is lit by as many candles singing under a clean cut night sky. The sky with its Southern Cross stars is like a mirror. Sydney and the other capital cities also enjoy Carols in the weeks leading up to Christmas.
Thinner, Bigger, Faster, Stronger? How to Use This Book FUNDAMENTALS--FIRST AND FOREMOST The Minimum Effective Dose: From Microwaves to Fat-Loss Rules That Change the Rules: Everything Popular Is Wrong GROUND ZERO--GETTING STARTED AND SWARAJ The Harajuku Moment: The Decision to Become a Complete Human Elusive Bodyfat: Where Are You Really? From Photos to Fear: Making Failure Impossible SUBTRACTING FAT BASICS The Slow-Carb Diet I: How to Lose 20 Pounds in 30 Days Without Exercise The Slow-Carb Diet II: The Finer Points and Common Questions Damage Control: Preventing Fat Gain When You Binge The Four Horsemen of Fat-Loss: PAGG ADVANCED Ice Age: Mastering Temperature to Manipulate Weight The Glucose Switch: Beautiful Number 100 The Last Mile: Losing the Final 510 Pounds ADDING MUSCLE Building the Perfect Posterior (or Losing 100+ Pounds) Six-Minute Abs: Two Exercises That Actually Work
..............................................................................9 12. References....................................................................................................10 Introduction I chose finland because there are friendly people and beautiful nature. Finland is bigger than Estonia. There lives over 5 milj. people. Finland capital is Helsingi and there lives about 2 milj. people. Highest top is 1328m. Finland is bordersed with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east and Norway to the north. It is the eight largest city in Europe. Most Finns speak Finnish. The second language is Swedish. Finland is rated the sixth most peaceful country in the World. In Finland there are more than 60000 lakes. Capital: Helsinki Area: 338145km2 Population: 5200000 Language: Finnish, Swedish
vermouth, and garnished with an olive or a lemon twist. Maven – In the modern American English, maven means someone who knows a lot about a particular subject. The term comes from Yiddish meyvn and from Hebrew mebhin, literally translating into "one who understands." The term (spelled as mayvin) was first recorded in English in 1950, and became popular in the United States in the 1960s thanks to the series of commercials created by Martin Solow for Vita Herring, featuring "The Beloved Herring Maven." maverick – The modern definition of maverick (“an unusual person who has different ideas and ways of behaving from other people, and is often very successful”) differs somewhat from the original meaning of “calf or yearling found without an owner's brand", derived in 1867 from Samuel A. Maverick, Texas cattle owner who was known for not branding his calves. The sense of "individualist, unconventional person" was first recorded 1886.
Some are so different that they do not even remotely resemble the original festival despite sharing the same name and date. There are also various local festivals (e.g. Tobata Gion) that are mostly unknown outside a given prefecture. It is commonly said that you will always find a festival somewhere in Japan. Matsuri is the Japanese word for a festival or holiday. In Japan, festivals are usually sponsored by a local shrine or temple, though they can be secular. There is no specific matsuri days for all of Japan; dates vary from area to area, and even within a specific area, but festival days do tend to cluster around traditional holidays such as Setsubun or Obon. Almost every locale has at least one matsuri in late summer/early autumn, usually related to the rice harvest. Notable matsuri often feature processions which may include elaborate floats. Preparation for these processions is usually organized at the level of neighborhoods, or machi. Prior to these,
3 Antiquity The first known Italian food writer was a Greek Sicilian named Archestratus from Syracuse in the 4th century BCE. He wrote a poem that spoke of using "top quality and seasonal" ingredients. He said that flavors should not be masked by spices, herbs or other seasonings. He placed importance on simple preparation of fish. This style seemed to be forgotten during the 1st century CE when De re coquinaria was published with 470 recipes calling for heavy use of spices and herbs. The Romans employed Greek bakers to produce breads and imported cheeses from Sicily as the Sicilians had a reputation as the best cheese makers. The Romans reared goats for butchering, and grew artichokes and leeks. Middle Ages With culinary traditions from Rome and Athens, a cuisine developed in Sicily that some consider
Estonia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe. It is the smallest of the three Baltic countries. Estonia has land borders with Latvia (339 km) to the south and Russia (229 km) to the east. It is separated from Finland in the north by the narrow Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. Estonia has been a member of the European Union since May 1, 2004 and of the NATO since March 29, 2004. The area of Estonia is about 45000 square kilometres and the population is about 1.4 million people. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn and the official language is Estonian. The currency is Eesti kroon. The main religion is Lutheran. Anniversary of the republic is celebrated on February 20. The national flower is cornflower, national
· Indian society is predominantly agrarian. Diet consists mainly of fruits and vegetables, meat, cereals, dairy products and honey. Also, drinks containing different types of spices. · During the Gupta empire influenced by diet buduism and jainism. Many religious people were vegetarians. Most of the people consumed the chickens, sheep and goat meat. · Muslims also put emphasis on the development of food. Indians brought to the diet of dried fruit and flat bread. India introduced the dietary habits of the Portuguese and Chinese. · Indian diet is mixed with a variety of cultures. Etiquette: · Traditionally, meals were eaten while seated either on the floor or on very low stools or cushions. · Food is most often eaten without cutlery, instead using the right hand. Among the middle class throughout India, spoons and forks are commonplace.
BEDOUINS REFERAAT Õppeaines: INGLISE KEEL Arhitektuuri- ja keskkonnatehnika teaduskond Õpperühm: TÖ 21A Juhendaja: M.Kala Tallinn 2009 1. Who are bedouins? Bedouins are Arabic speaking nomadic tribes that originate from the Arabian Peninsula (mainly Saudi Arabia) and would travel the desert to locations where they would find drink and food. Sometimes traveling for days before they arrived at their final destinations. Each tribe would have an area of land under their responsibility from which they would make income by allowing travelers and traders to pass through. As knowledgeable guides of the desert they controlled the desert trade routes, and escorted caravans. Table 1. Bedouin Total population Regions Languages Religion Related
Black coffee is poured into the mug; Whiskey and at least one teaspoon of sugar is stirred in until fully dissolved. Thick cream is carefully poured over the back of a spoon initially(alguses) held just above the surface of the coffee and gradually raised a little. The layer of cream will float on the coffee without mixing. The coffee is drunk through the layer of cream. Irish also like to make a lot of different cup cakes and buns(kukkel). Irish are really proud about their soda bread also , which doesn't look so tempting at all and many tourist have said its just not a bread , its a dark soda tasting bread , on which you definitely have to put something on to eat it. Fauna Only 26 land mammal species are native to Ireland, because it was isolated from Europe by rising sea levels after the Ice Age. Some species, such as the red fox, hedgehog, and badger are very common, whereas others, like the Irish hare, red deer and pine marten (mets nugis) are less common.
interest in the history of the flag. After about half a century, during which it was prohibited by the Soviet authorities, the flag was seen again in public for the first time in Tartu in May 1988. 24 February 1989, Estonia, still part of the Soviet Union, hoisted its tricolor on the tower of Pikk Hermann in Tallinn. Since then the flag has always been hoisted with ceremony on that day, which is the national holiday the anniversary of the republic. According to the Estonian tradition, the national flag is hoisted at sunrise and lowered at sunset except on June 23, Victory Day, when it is left out for the shortest night of the year, followed by another public holiday, Midsummer Day. The Estonian national anthem - entitled My Native Land, My Pride and Joy, was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius, a Finn of German descent. The Estonian- language words were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In 1869 it was
), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence ( ? ? ? "Was it you who ate the cookie? Did you eat the cookie? Was it the cookie that you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. Part 2. Russian literature Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus', the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed. By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore
4Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence: The dog is barking. Come here! 4Always use a capital letter for the word I : I am eight years old. Tom and I are good friends. 4Use a capital letter for the names of people: Alice, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White 4Use a capital letter for the names of places: National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento 4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays, days of the week, months of the year: New Year's Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother's Day, Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October Exercise 1 Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space above them. 1 peter and i are good friends. we are going to chicago during our summer 2 vacation. 3 there is an interesting football game on sunday. 4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
Additionally, the stem of a dead sunflower can dry out open wounds.[citation needed] For farmers not intending to grow it, the sunflower is considered a noxious weed. The wild variety will grow unwanted in corn and soybean fields which can have a negative impact on yields. Diseases Main article: List of sunflower diseases Greek myth In Greek mythology, a girl named Clytie fell in love with the sun god Apollo, and would do nothing but watch his chariot move across the sky. After nine days, she was transformed into a sunflower. However, the word "sunflower" and its cognates existed long before Helianthus annuus was brought to Europe, and it is thought that the myth (which is mentioned in Ovid's poem Metamorphoses) actually refers to heliotrope or marigold. Trivia · The sunflower is the state flower of the U.S. state of Kansas, and one of the city flowers of Kitakyushu, Japan. · The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosa) is related to the sunflower
Doctors could not do their job without the help of many skilled professionals. Nurses, for example, work closely with doctors in the clinics, hospitals, and medical centres, Nurses also provide many services to patients independent of doctors. Various kinds of therapists give special treatments as ordered by the doctor, other skilled workers serve in clinics, medical laboratories, X-ray departments and operating theatres. 8. Ways of keeping health There's a lot of discussion these days about fitness. Being fit is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity (exercise), and has a healthy weight. If you're fit, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do, like run around with your friends. So - being fit means being healthy. There are some rules to live by, if you want to have good health. Eat a variety of foods, especially fruits and vegetables. Without food, nothing can live
She sent Peter a book. The indirect object with to comes after the direct object. Aunt Jane gave the record to Sarah. She sent the book to Peter. Practice Put these words in order to make sentences: 1 often he plane by travels 2 out friends I go usually Friday on with 3 office boss out my is of often the 4 always at have Christmas an we office party 5 days don't they faxes these often send 6 morning always in I the am tired 7 have in doesn't lunch usually she office the 8 in I on holiday August never go 19 E-mails, compiling them. Polite expressions. Modals. Writing a letter: THE START: Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Mr Smith, / Mrs Smith, / Miss Smith, Ms Smith Dear Mary, THE REFERENCE With reference to your advertisement in the Times, ...
Introduction Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii
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